EPISTLE TO TITUS
                        PROBABLY 66 OR 67

                    APPARENTLY FROM NICOPOLIS

提多書 1:1-1:1

註釋:

 {According to the faith of God's elect} (kata pistin
eklekt(936e) theou). Here kata expresses the aim of Paul's
apostleship, not the standard by which he was chosen as in  Php
3:14 ; a classic idiom, repeated here with epign(9373)in, eusebeian,
epitag(886e), "with a view to" in each case. For "God's elect" see
 Ro 8:33  Col 3:12 . {The knowledge} (epign(9373)in). "Full
knowledge," one of Paul's favourite words. For the phrase see
 1Ti 2:4 . {Which is according to godliness} (	(8873) kat'
eusebeian). "The (truth) with a view to godliness." The
combination of faith and full knowledge of the truth is to bring
godliness on the basis of the hope of life eternal.

提多書 1:2-1:2

註釋:

 {God who cannot lie} (ho apseud(8873) theos). "The non-lying
God." Old adjective (a privative and pseud(8873)), here only in
N.T. See  2Ti 2:13 . In Polycarp's last prayer. {Promised}
(ep(8867)geilato). First aorist middle indicative of epaggell(935c).
Antithesis in ephaner(9373)en de (manifested) in verse  3  (first
aorist active indicative of phanero(935c)). Same contrast in  Ro
16:25  Col 1:26 . {Before times eternal} (pro chron(936e) ai(936e)(936e)).
Not to God's purpose before time began ( Eph 1:4  2Ti 1:9 ), but
to definite promises ( Ro 9:4 ) made in time (Lock). "Long ages
ago." See  Ro 16:25 .

提多書 1:3-1:3

註釋:

 1Co
1:21 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Co
1' or engs='1Co
1'

提多書 1:4-1:4

註釋:

 {My true child} (gn(8873)i(9369) tekn(9369)). See  1Ti 1:2  for this
adjective with Timothy. Titus is not mentioned in Acts, possibly
because he is Luke's brother. But one can get a clear picture of
him by turning to  2Co 2:13  7:6-15  8:6-24  12:16-18  Ga 2:1-3  Tit 1:4f.  3:12  2Ti 4:10 . He had succeeded in Corinth where
Timothy had failed. Paul had left him in Crete as superintendent
of the work there. Now he writes him from Nicopolis ( Tit 3:12 ).
{After a common faith} (kata koin(886e) pistin). Here kata does
mean standard, not aim, but it is a faith (pistin) common to a
Gentile (a Greek) like Titus as well as to a Jew like Paul and so
common to all races and classes ( Jude 1:3 ). Koinos does not
here have the notion of unclean as in  Ac 10:14  11:8 .

提多書 1:5-1:5

註釋:

 {For this cause} (	outou charin). In N.T. only here and
 Eph 3:1,14 . Paul may be supplementing oral instruction as in
Timothy's case and may even be replying to a letter from Titus
(Zahn). {Left I thee in Crete} (apeleipon se en Kr(8874)(8869)). This
is the imperfect active of apoleip(935c), though MSS. give the
aorist active also (apelipon) and some read kateleipon or
katelipon. Both are common verbs, though Paul uses kataleip(935c)
only in  1Th 3:1  except two quotations ( Ro 11:4  Eph 5:31 ) and
apoleip(935c) only here and  2Ti 4:13,20 . Perhaps apoleip(935c)
suggests a more temporary stay than kataleip(935c). Paul had
apparently stopped in Crete on his return from Spain about A.D.
65. {That thou shouldest set in order} (hina epidiorth(9373)(8869)).
Late and rare double compound (inscriptions, here only in N.T.),
first aorist middle subjunctive (final clause with hina) of
epidiortho(935c), to set straight (ortho(935c)) thoroughly (dia) in
addition (epi), a clean job of it. {The things that were
wanting} (	a leiponta). "The things that remain." See  3:13  Lu
18:22 . Either things left undone or things that survive. In both
senses the new pastor faces problems after the tornado has
passed. Parry takes it "of present defects" in Cretan character.
{And appoint} (kai katast(8873)(8869)s). Final clause still and first
aorist active subjunctive of kathist(886d)i, the word used in  Ac
6:13  about the deacons. The word does not preclude the choice by
the churches (in every city, kata polin, distributive use of
kata). This is a chief point in the epidorth(9373)is (White).
{Elders} (presbuterous). See  1Ti 3:2  4:17 . {As I gave thee
charge} (h(9373) eg(9320)soi dietaxam(886e)). First aorist (constative)
middle imperative of diatass(935c), clear reference to previous
personal details given to Titus on previous occasions.

提多書 1:6-1:6

註釋:

 1Ti
5:19 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Ti
5' or engs='1Ti
5'

提多書 1:7-1:7

註釋:

 1Co
4:1f. 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Co
4' or engs='1Co
4'

提多書 1:8-1:8

註釋:

 {A lover of good} (philagathon). Late double compound
(philos, agathos). See Wisdom 7:22. Here only in N.T. Just
(dikaion), holy (hosion) not in  1Ti 3 . {Temperate}
(egkrat(885c)). Old and common adjective (en, kratos, strength),
having power over, controlling, here only in N.T. Picture of
self-control.

提多書 1:9-1:9

註釋:

 2Ti
1:12 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Ti
1' or engs='2Ti
1'

提多書 1:10-1:10

註釋:

 {Vain talkers} (mataiologoi). Late and rare compound,
empty talkers, in Vett. Val. and here. See  1Ti 1:6  for
mataiologia. {Deceivers} (phrenapatai). Late and rare
compound, in papyri, eccl. writers, here alone in N.T.
"Mind-deceivers." See  Ga 6:3  for phrenapat(8369)n. {Specially
they of the circumcision} (malista hoi ek t(8873) peritom(8873)). Same
phrase in  Ac 11:2  Ga 2:12  Col 4:11 . Jews are mentioned in
Crete in  Ac 2:11 . Apparently Jewish Christians of the Pharisaic
type tinged with Gnosticism.

提多書 1:11-1:11

註釋:

 {Whose mouths must be stopped} (hous dei epistomizein).
Literally, "whom it is necessary to silence by stopping the
mouth." Present active infinitive epistomizein, old and common
verb (epi, stoma, mouth), here only in N.T. To stop the mouth
either with bridle or muzzle or gag. {Overthrow}
(anatrepousin). Old and common verb, to turn up, to overturn.
In N.T. only here and  2Ti 2:18 . In papyri to upset a family by
perversion of one member. {Things which they ought not} (ha m(880a)dei). Note subjective negative m(885c) with indefinite relative and
indicative mode. {For filthy lucre's sake} (aischrou kerdous
charin). The Cretans are given a bad reputation for itinerating
prophets for profit by Polybius, Livy, Plutarch. Paul's warnings
in  1Ti 3:3,8  6:5  reveal it as "a besetting temptation of the
professional teacher" (Parry). See verse  7  above. Disgraceful
gain, made in shameful ways.

提多書 1:12-1:12

註釋:

 {A prophet of their own} (idios aut(936e) proph(8874)(8873)). "Their
own prophet." Self-styled "prophet" (or poet), and so accepted by
the Cretans and by Cicero and Apuleius, that is Epimenides who
was born in Crete at Cnossos. It is a hexameter line and
Callimachus quoted the first part of it in a Hymn to Zeus. It is
said that Epimenides suggested to the Athenians the erection of
statues to "unknown gods" ( Ac 17:23 ). {Liars} (pseustai). See
 1Ti 1:10  for the word. The Cretans had a bad reputation on this
line, partly due to their claim to having the tomb of Zeus. {Evil
beasts} (kaka th(8872)ia). "Wicked wild beasts." Lock asks if the
Minotaur was partly responsible. {Idle gluttons} (gasteres
argai). "Idle bellies." Blunt and forceful. See  Php 3:19 
"whose god is the belly" (h(8820)koilia). Both words give the
picture of the sensual gormandizer.

提多書 1:13-1:13

註釋:

 {Testimony} (marturia). Of the poet Epimenides. Paul
endorses it from his recent knowledge. {Sharply} (apotom(9373)).
Old adverb from apotomos (from apotemn(935c), to cut off), in N.T.
only here and  2Co 13:10 , "curtly," "abruptly." It is necessary
to appear rude sometimes for safety, if the house is on fire and
life is in danger. {That they may be sound} (hina hugiain(9373)in).
Final clause with hina and present active subjunctive of
hugiain(935c), for which verb see on 氣Ti 1:10|.

提多書 1:14-1:14

註釋:

 1Ti
4:3 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Ti
4' or engs='1Ti
4'

提多書 1:15-1:15

註釋:

 {To them that are defiled} (	ois memiammenois). Perfect
passive articular participle of miain(935c), old verb, to dye with
another colour, to stain, in N.T. only here,  Jude 1:8  Heb
12:15 . See memiantai (perf. pass. indic.) in this verse.
Molun(935c) ( 1Co 8:7 ) is to smear. {Unbelieving} (apistois). As
in  1Co 7:12f.  1Ti 5:8 . The principle or proverb just quoted
appears also in  1Co 6:12  10:23  Ro 14:20 . For the defilement
of mind (
ous) and conscience (suneid(8873)is) in both Gentile
and Jew by sin, see  Ro 1:18-2:29 .

提多書 1:16-1:16

註釋:

 {They profess} (homologousin). Present active indicative
of homologe(935c), common verb (homou, leg(935c)) as in  Ro 10:10f .
Eidenai (know) is second perfect active infinitive of oida in
indirect assertion. {By their works} (	ois ergois).
Instrumental case. {They deny} (arnountai). Present middle of
arneomai, old verb, common in the Gospels and the Pastoral
Epistles ( 1Ti 5:8  Tit 2:12  2Ti 2:12 ). {Abominable}
(deluktoi). Verbal adjective from delussomai. Only in LXX
and here. {Disobedient} (apeitheis). See  Ro 1:30 . {Reprobate}
(adokimoi). See on 氣Co 9:27; Ro 1:28|.

提多書 2:1-2:1

註釋:

 {But speak thou} (su de lalei). In contrast to these
Pharisaic Gnostics in Crete. {Befit} (prepei). Old verb to be
becoming, seemly. See  1Ti 2:10  Eph 5:3 . With dative case
didaskali(8369). {Sound} (hugiainous(8869)). Healthful as in  1:13  2:2  1Ti 1:10 , common word in the Pastorals.

提多書 2:2-2:2

註釋:

 Co 3:18-4:1 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = 'Co' or engs='Co'

提多書 2:3-2:3

註釋:

 2Ti
3:3 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Ti
3' or engs='2Ti
3'

提多書 2:4-2:4

註釋:

 {That they may train} (hina s(9370)hroniz(9373)in). Purpose clause,
hina and present active subjunctive of s(9370)hroniz(935c), old verb
(from s(9370)hr(936e), sound in mind, saos, phr(886e), as in this verse),
to make sane, to restore to one's senses, to discipline, only
here in N.T. {To love their husbands} (philandrous einai).
Predicate accusative with einai of old adjective philandros
(philos, an(8872), fond of one's husband), only here in N.T. An(8872)
means man, of course, as well as husband, but only husband here,
not "fond of men" (other men than their own). {To love their
children} (philoteknous). Another old compound, here only in
N.T. This exhortation is still needed where some married women
prefer poodle-dogs to children.

提多書 2:5-2:5

註釋:

 {Workers at home} (oikourgous). So the oldest MSS. (from
oikos, ergou) instead of oikourous, keepers at home (from
koiso, ouros, keeper). Rare word, found in Soranus, a medical
writer, Field says. Cf.  1Ti 5:13 . "Keepers at home" are usually
"workers at home." {Kind} (agathas). See  Ro 5:7 . See  Col
3:18  Eph 5:22  for the same use of hupotassomai, to be in
subjection. Note idiois (their own). See  1Ti 6:1  for the same
negative purpose clause (hina m(8820)blasph(886d)(8874)ai).

提多書 2:6-2:6

註釋:

 {The younger men} (	ous ne(9374)erous). Just one item, besides
"likewise" (hosaut(9373) as in  3  1Ti 2,9 ), "to be soberminded"
(s(9370)hronein, old verb as in  Rom 12:3 ). It is possible to take
"in all things" (peri panta) with s(9370)hronein, though the
editors take it with verse  7 .

提多書 2:7-2:7

註釋:

 {Shewing thyself} (seauton parechomenos). Present middle
(redundant middle) participle of parech(935c) with the reflexive
pronoun seauton as if the active voice parech(936e). The _Koin(825f)
shows an increasing number of such constructions (Robertson,
_Grammar_, p. 811). See active in  1Ti 1:4 . {An ensample}
(	upon). For this word see  2Th 3:9  Php 3:17 . {Uncorruptness}
(aphthorian). Only example, from late adjective aphthoros
(a privative and phtheir(935c)).

提多書 2:8-2:8

註釋:

 1Co
4:14 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Co
4' or engs='1Co
4'

提多書 2:9-2:9

註釋:

 {Servants} (doulous). "Slaves." Supply "exhort"
(parakalei). See  1Ti 6:1  for "masters" (despotais).
{Well-pleasing} (euarestous). See on 氧Co 5:9|. {Not
gainsaying} (m(8820)antilegontas). "Not answer back." See  Ro
10:21 .

提多書 2:10-2:10

註釋:

 {Not purloining} (m(8820)nosphizomenous). Present middle
participle of 
osphiz(935c), old verb (from 
osphi, apart), in
middle to set apart for oneself, to embezzle, in N.T. only here
and  Ac 5:2f . {Fidelity} (pistin). See  Ga 5:22  1Ti 5:12  for
pistis in the sense of faithfulness. Nowhere else in the N.T.
do we have agath(885c) with pistis as here, but an Oxyr. papyrus
(iii. 494, 9) has this very phrase (p(8373)an pistin
endeiknumen(8869)). Westcott and Hort put agap(886e) in the margin.
See  3:2 . {That they may adorn} (hina kosm(9373)in). Final clause
with hina and present active subjunctive. See  1Ti 2:9  for
kosme(935c). Paul shows slaves how they may "adorn" the teaching of
God.

提多書 2:11-2:11

註釋:

 1Jo
2:16 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Jo
2' or engs='1Jo
2'

提多書 2:13-2:13

註釋:

 2Pe
1:1,11 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Pe
1' or engs='2Pe
1'

提多書 2:14-2:14

註釋:

 {Who gave himself for us} (hos ed(936b)en heauton huper
h(886d)(936e)). Paul's great doctrine ( Ga 1:4  2:20  1Ti 2:6 ). {That
he might redeem us} (hina lutr(9373)(8874)ai). Final clause, hina and
the aorist middle subjunctive of lutro(935c), old verb from lutron
(ransom), in N.T. only here,  Lu 24:21  1Pe 1:18 . {Purify to
himself} (katharis(8869) heaut(9369)). Final clause with first aorist
active subjunctive of kathariz(935c), for which verb see  Eph 5:26 .
{Lawlessness} (anomias). See  2Th 2:3 . {A people for his own
possession} (laon periousion). A late word (from perieimi, to
be over and above, in papyri as well as periousia), only in LXX
and here, apparently made by the LXX, one's possession, and so
God's chosen people. See  1Pe 2:9  (laos eis peripoi(8873)in).
{Zealous of good works} (z(886c)(9374)(886e) kal(936e) erg(936e)). "A zealot for
good works." Substantive for which see  1Co 14:12  Ga 1:14 .
Objective genitive erg(936e).

提多書 2:15-2:15

註釋:

 {With all authority} (meta pas(8873) epitag(8873)). See  1Co 7:6  2Co 8:8 . Assertion of authority is sometimes necessary. {Let no
man despise thee} (m(8864)eis sou periphroneit(935c)). Present active
imperative in prohibition of periphrone(935c), old verb, only here
in N.T., to think around (on all sides). Literally, "let no man
think around thee" (and so despise thee). In  1Ti 4:12  it is
kataphroneit(935c) (think down on), a stronger word of scorn, but
this one implies the possibility of one making mental circles
around one and so "out-thinking" him. The best way for the modern
minister to command respect for his "authority" is to do thinking
that will deserve it.

提多書 3:1-3:1

註釋:

 {To be in subjection to rulers, to authorities, to be
obedient} (archais exousiais hupotassesthai peitharchein).
Remarkable double asyndeton, no kai (and) between the two
substantives or the two verbs. Peitharchein (to obey), old verb
(from peithomai, arch(885c)), in N.T. only here and  Ac 27:21 . {To
be ready unto every good work} (pros pan ergon agathon hetoimous
einai). Pauline phrase ( 2Co 9:8  2Ti 2:21  3:17 ), here
adjective hetoimos ( 2Co 9:5 ), there verb.

提多書 3:2-3:2

註釋:

 1Ti
3:3 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Ti
3' or engs='1Ti
3'

提多書 3:3-3:3

註釋:

 1Ti
3:6 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Ti
3' or engs='1Ti
3'

提多書 3:4-3:4

註釋:

 {The kindness} (h(8820)chr(8873)tot(8873)). See  Ro 2:4  for this very
word used of God as here. {His love toward man} (h(880a)philanthr(9370)ia). "The philanthrophy of God our Saviour." Old word
from philanthr(9370)os, for love of mankind, in N.T. only here and
 Ac 28:2 . {Appeared} (epephan(885c)). See  2:11  and here as there
the Incarnation of Christ. See  1Ti 1:1  for s(9374)(8872) with 	heos
(God).

提多書 3:5-3:5

註釋:

 {Done} (not in the Greek, only the article 	(936e)), "not as a
result of works those in righteousness which we did." Same idea
as in  Ro 3:20f . {According to his mercy he saved us} (kata to
autou eleos es(9373)en). See  Ps 109:26  1Pe 1:3  Eph 2:4 .
Effective aorist active indicative of s(937a)(935c). {Through the
washing of regeneration} (dia loutrou palingenesias). Late and
common word with the Stoics (Dibelius) and in the
Mystery-religions (Angus), also in the papyri and Philo. Only
twice in the N.T. ( Mt 19:28  with which compare apokatastasia
in  Ac 3:21 , and here in personal sense of new birth). For
loutron, see  Eph 5:26 , here as there the laver or the bath.
Probably in both cases there is a reference to baptism, but, as
in  Ro 6:3-6 , the immersion is the picture or the symbol of the
new birth, not the means of securing it. {And renewing of the
Holy Spirit} (kai anakain(9373)e(9373) pneumatos hagiou). "And renewal
by the Holy Spirit" (subjective genitive). For the late word
anakain(9373)is, see  Ro 12:2 . Here, as often, Paul has put the
objective symbol before the reality. The Holy Spirit does the
renewing, man submits to the baptism after the new birth to
picture it forth to men.

提多書 3:6-3:6

註釋:

 {Which} (hou). Genitive case by attraction from ho
(grammatical gender) to the case of pneumatos hagiou. We do not
have grammatical gender (only natural) in English. Hence here we
should say "whom," even if it does not go smoothly with
execheen (he poured out, second aorist active indicative of
ekche(935c)). The reference is to the great Pentecost ( Ac 2:33 ) as
foretold by Joel ( Joe 2:28 ). {Richly} (plousi(9373)). Then and to
each one in his own experience. See  Ro 10:12  1Ti 6:17 .

提多書 3:7-3:7

註釋:

 {Being justified by his grace} (dikai(9374)hentes t(8869) ekeinou
chariti). First aorist passive participle of dikaio(935c) and
instrumental case of charis as in  Ro 3:24  5:1 . {That we
might be made heirs} (hina kl(8872)onomoi gen(8874)h(936d)en). Purpose with
hina and first aorist passive of ginomai. See  Ro 4:13  8:17 .

提多書 3:8-3:8

註釋:

 {The saying} (ho logos). In verses  4-7 . {I will}
(oulomai). See  1Ti 2:8 . {That thou affirm confidently} (se
diabebaiousthai). Indirect command. For the verb see  1Ti 1:7 .
{That they may be careful} (hina phrontiz(9373)in). Sub-final use
of hina with present active subjunctive of phrontiz(935c), old
verb, only here in N.T. {To maintain good works} (kal(936e) erg(936e)
pro(8b73)tasthai). Present middle infinitive of proist(886d)i,
intransitive use, to stand before, to take the lead in, to care
for. Paul is anxious that "believers" may take the lead in good
works.

提多書 3:9-3:9

註釋:

 {Fightings about the law} (machas nomikas). "Legal
battles." See  1Ti 6:4  2Ti 2:23 . Wordy fights about Mosaic and
Pharisaic and Gnostic regulations. {Shun} (periistaso). Present
middle imperative of periist(886d)i, intransitive, step around,
stand aside ( 2Ti 2:16 ). Common in this sense in the literary
_Koin(825f). {Unprofitable} (an(9370)heleis). Old compound adjective
(a privative and ophelos), in N.T. only here and  Heb 7:18 .

提多書 3:10-3:10

註釋:

 {Heretical} (hairetikon). Old adjective from hairesis
(haireomai, to choose), a choosing of a party (sect,  Ac 5:17 )
or of teaching ( 2Pe 2:1 ). Possibly a schism had been started
here in Crete. {Refuse} (paraitou). Present middle imperative
of paraite(935c), to ask from, to beg off from. See same form in
 1Ti 4:7  5:11 . Possibly an allusion here to Christ's directions
in  Mt 18:15-17 .

提多書 3:11-3:11

註釋:

 {Is perverted} (exestraptai). Perfect passive indicative
of ekstreph(935c), old word to turn inside out, to twist, to
pervert. Only here in N.T. {Self-condemned} (autokatakritos).
Only known example of this double compound verbal adjective
(autos, kata, krin(935c)).

提多書 3:12-3:12

註釋:

 {When I shall send} (hotan pemps(935c)). Indefinite temporal
clause with hotan and the first aorist active subjunctive (or
future indicative) of pemp(935c) (same form). {Artemas} (Artem(836e)).
Perhaps abbreviation of Artemidorus. Nothing more is known of
him. {Or Tychicus} ((8820)Tuchikon). Paul's well-known disciple
( Col 4:7  Eph 6:21  2Ti 4:12 ). {To Nicopolis} (eis
Nikopolin). Probably in Epirus, a good place for work in
Dalmatia ( 2Ti 4:10 ). {I have determined} (kekrika). Perfect
active indicative. I have decided. {To winter there} (ekei
paracheimasai). First aorist active infinitive of
paracheimaz(935c), a literary _Koin(825f) word for which see  Ac 27:12  1Co 16:6 .

提多書 3:13-3:13

註釋:

 {Zenas the lawyer} (Z(886e)(836e) ton nomikon). Possibly
abbreviation of Zenodorus and may be one of the bearers of the
Epistle with Apollos. Probably an expert in the Mosaic law as the
word means in the Gospels. A converted Jewish lawyer. The Latin
term is _jurisconsultum_ for 
omikon. {Apollos} (Apoll(936e)).
Paul's friend ( Ac 18:24-19:1  1Co 1:12ff. ). {Set forward}
(propempson). First aorist active imperative of propemp(935c), old
verb, to send on ahead ( 1Co 16:6,11  Ro 15:24 ). {That nothing
be wanting unto them} (hina m(8864)en autois leip(8869)). Purpose with
hina and present (or second aorist lip(8869), some MSS.)
subjunctive of leip(935c), old verb to leave, to remain, to lack.
With dative case here (autois).

提多書 3:14-3:14

註釋:

 {Our people} (hoi h(886d)eteroi). "Our folks." The Cretan
converts, not just Paul's friends. {Let learn} (manthanet(9373)an).
Present active imperative, keep on learning how. {To maintain}
(pro(8b73)tasthai). See verse  8 . {For necessary uses} (eis
anagkaias chreias). "For necessary wants." No idlers wanted. See
 1Th 4:12  2Th 3:10f . {Unfruitful} (akarpoi). See  1Co 14:14  Eph 5:11 .