Joh 7-11 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = 'Joh 7-' or engs='Joh 7-'經文:
約翰福音 1:1-1:1
註釋:
{In the beginning} (en arch(8869)). Arch(885c) is definite, though anarthrous like our at home, in town, and the similar Hebrew _be reshith_ in Ge 1:1 . But Westcott notes that here John carries our thoughts beyond the beginning of creation in time to eternity. There is no argument here to prove the existence of God any more than in Genesis. It is simply assumed. Either God exists and is the Creator of the universe as scientists like Eddington and Jeans assume or matter is eternal or it has come out of nothing. {Was} ((886e)). Three times in this sentence John uses this imperfect of eimi to be which conveys no idea of origin for God or for the Logos, simply continuous existence. Quite a different verb (egeneto, became) appears in verse 14 for the beginning of the Incarnation of the Logos. See the distinction sharply drawn in 8:58 "before Abraham came (genesthai) I am" (eimi, timeless existence). {The Word} (ho logos). Logos is from leg(935c), old word in Homer to lay by, to collect, to put words side by side, to speak, to express an opinion. Logos is common for reason as well as speech. Heraclitus used it for the principle which controls the universe. The Stoics employed it for the soul of the world (anima mundi) and Marcus Aurelius used spermatikos logos for the generative principle in nature. The Hebrew _memra_ was used in the Targums for the manifestation of God like the Angel of Jehovah and the Wisdom of God in Pr 8:23 . Dr. J. Rendel Harris thinks that there was a lost wisdom book that combined phrases in Proverbs and in the Wisdom of Solomon which John used for his Prologue (_The Origin of the _Prologue to St. John_, p. 43) which he has undertaken to reproduce. At any rate John's standpoint is that of the Old Testament and not that of the Stoics nor even of Philo who uses the term Logos, but not John's conception of personal pre-existence. The term Logos is applied to Christ only in Joh 1:1,14 Re 19:13 1Jo 1:1 "concerning the Word of life" (an incidental argument for identity of authorship). There is a possible personification of "the Word of God" in Heb 4:12 . But the personal pre-existence of Christ is taught by Paul ( 2Co 8:9 Php 2:6f. Col 1:17 ) and in Heb 1:2f. and in Joh 17:5 . This term suits John's purpose better than sophia (wisdom) and is his answer to the Gnostics who either denied the actual humanity of Christ (Docetic Gnostics) or who separated the aeon Christ from the man Jesus (Cerinthian Gnostics). The pre-existent Logos "became flesh" (sarx egeneto, verse 14 ) and by this phrase John answered both heresies at once. {With God} (pros ton theon). Though existing eternally with God the Logos was in perfect fellowship with God. Pros with the accusative presents a plane of equality and intimacy, face to face with each other. In 1Jo 2:1 we have a like use of pros: "We have a Paraclete with the Father" (parakl(8874)on echomen pros ton patera). See pros(9370)on pros pros(9370)on (face to face, 1Co 13:12 ), a triple use of pros. There is a papyrus example of pros in this sense o gn(9373)ton t(8873) pros all(886c)ous sun(8874)heias, "the knowledge of our intimacy with one another" (M.&M., _Vocabulary_) which answers the claim of Rendel Harris, _Origin of Prologue_, p. 8) that the use of pros here and in Mr 6:3 is a mere Aramaism. It is not a classic idiom, but this is _Koin(825f), not old Attic. In Joh 17:5 John has para soi the more common idiom. {And the Word was God} (kai theos (886e) ho logos). By exact and careful language John denied Sabellianism by not saying ho theos (886e) ho logos. That would mean that all of God was expressed in ho logos and the terms would be interchangeable, each having the article. The subject is made plain by the article (ho logos) and the predicate without it ( heos) just as in Joh 4:24 pneuma ho theos can only mean "God is spirit," not "spirit is God." So in 1Jo 4:16 ho theos agap(8820)estin can only mean "God is love," not "love is God" as a so-called Christian scientist would confusedly say. For the article with the predicate see Robertson, _Grammar_, pp. 767f. So in Joh 1:14 ho Logos sarx egeneto, "the Word became flesh," not "the flesh became Word." Luther argues that here John disposes of Arianism also because the Logos was eternally God, fellowship of Father and Son, what Origen called the Eternal Generation of the Son (each necessary to the other). Thus in the Trinity we see personal fellowship on an equality.經文:
約翰福音 1:2-1:2
註釋:
{The same} (houtos). "This one," the Logos of verse 1 , repeated for clarity, characteristic of John's style. He links together into one phrase two of the ideas already stated separately, "in the beginning he was with God," "afterwards in time he came to be with man" (Marcus Dods). Thus John clearly states of the Logos Pre-existence before Incarnation, Personality, Deity.經文:
約翰福音 1:3-1:3
註釋:
{All things} (panta). The philosophical phrase was a panta (the all things) as we have it in 1Co 8:6 Ro 11:36 Col 1:16 . In verse 10 John uses ho kosmos (the orderly universe) for the whole. {Were made} (egeneto). Second aorist middle indicative of ginomai, the constative aorist covering the creative activity looked at as one event in contrast with the continuous existence of (886e) in verses 1,2 . All things "came into being." Creation is thus presented as a becoming (ginomai) in contrast with being (eimi). {By him} (di' autou). By means of him as the intermediate agent in the work of creation. The Logos is John's explanation of the creation of the universe. The author of Hebrews ( Heb 1:2 ) names God's Son as the one "through whom he made the ages." Paul pointedly asserts that "the all things were created in him" (Christ) and "the all things stand created through him and unto him" ( Col 1:16 ). Hence it is not a peculiar doctrine that John here enunciates. In 1Co 8:6 , Paul distinguishes between the Father as the primary source (ex hou) of the all things and the Son as the intermediate agent as here (di' hou). {Without him} (ch(9372)is autou). Old adverbial preposition with the ablative as in Php 2:14 , "apart from." John adds the negative statement for completion, another note of his style as in Joh 1:20 1Jo 1:5 . Thus John excludes two heresies (Bernard) that matter is eternal and that angels or aeons had a share in creation. {Not anything} (oude hen). "Not even one thing." Bernard thinks the entire Prologue is a hymn and divides it into strophes. That is by no means certain. It is doubtful also whether the relative clause "that hath been made" (ho gegonen) is a part of this sentence or begins a new one as Westcott and Hort print it. The verb is second perfect active indicative of ginomai. Westcott observes that the ancient scholars before Chrysostom all began a new sentence with ho gegonen. The early uncials had no punctuation.經文:
約翰福音 1:4-1:4
註釋:
{In him was life} (en aut(9369) z(9388) (886e)). That which has come into being (verse 3 ) in the Logos was life. The power that creates and sustains life in the universe is the Logos. This is what Paul means by the perfect passive verb ektistai (stands created) in Col 1:16 . This is also the claim of Jesus to Martha ( Joh 11:25 ). This is the idea in Heb 1:3 "bearing (upholding) the all things by the word of his power." Once this language might have been termed unscientific, but not so now after the spiritual interpretation of the physical world by Eddington and Jeans. Usually in John z(9388) means spiritual life, but here the term is unlimited and includes all life; only it is not ios (manner of life), but the very principle or essence of life. That is spiritual behind the physical and to this great scientists today agree. It is also personal intelligence and power. Some of the western documents have estin here instead of (886e) to bring out clearly the timelessness of this phrase of the work of the Logos. {And the life was the light of men} (kai h(8820)z(9388) (886e) to ph(9373) t(936e) anthr(9370)(936e)). Here the article with both z(9388) and ph(9373) makes them interchangeable. "The light was the life of men" is also true. That statement is curiously like the view of some physicists who find in electricity (both light and power) the nearest equivalent to life in its ultimate physical form. Later Jesus will call himself the light of the world ( Joh 8:12 ). John is fond of these words life and light in Gospel, Epistles, Revelation. He here combines them to picture his conception of the Pre-incarnate Logos in his relation to the race. He was and is the Life of men ( (936e) anthr(9370)on, generic use of the article) and the Light of men. John asserts this relation of the Logos to the race of men in particular before the Incarnation.經文:
約翰福音 1:5-1:5
註釋:
{Shineth} (phainei). Linear present active indicative of phain(935c), old verb from pha(935c), to shine (phaos, ph(9373)). "The light keeps on giving light." {In the darkness} (en t(8869) skoti(8369)). Late word for the common skotos (kin to skia, shadow). An evident allusion to the darkness brought on by sin. In 2Pe 2:17 we have ho zophos tou skotou (the blackness of darkness). The Logos, the only real moral light, keeps on shining both in the Pre-incarnate state and after the Incarnation. John is fond of skotia (skotos) for moral darkness from sin and ph(9373) (ph(9374)iz(932c) phain(935c)) for the light that is in Christ alone. In 1Jo 2:8 he proclaims that "the darkness is passing by and the true light is already shining." The Gnostics often employed these words and John takes them and puts them in the proper place. {Apprehended it not} (auto ou katelaben). Second aorist active indicative of katalamban(935c), old verb to lay hold of, to seize. This very phrase occurs in Joh 12:35 (hina m(8820)skotia humas katalab(8869)) "that darkness overtake you not," the metaphor of night following day and in 1Th 5:4 the same idiom (hina katalab(8869)) is used of day overtaking one as a thief. This is the view of Origen and appears also in 2Macc. 8:18. The same word appears in Aleph D in Joh 6:17 katelabe de autous h(8820)skotia ("but darkness overtook them," came down on them). Hence, in spite of the Vulgate _comprehenderunt_, "overtook" or "overcame" seems to be the idea here. The light kept on shining in spite of the darkness that was worse than a London fog as the Old Testament and archaeological discoveries in Egypt, Assyria, Babylonia, Persia, Crete, Asia Minor show.經文:
約翰福音 1:6-1:6
註釋:
{There came a man} (egeneto anthr(9370)os). Definite event in the long darkness, same verb in verse 3 . {Sent} (apestalmenos). Perfect passive participle of apostell(935c), to send. {From God} (para theou). From the side of (para) God (ablative case heou). {Whose name} (onoma aut(9369)). "Name to him," nominative parenthetic and dative (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 460). {John} (I(9361)n(8873)). One in Westcott and Hort. In the giving of the name see Lu 1:59-63 , Hellenized form of Jonathan, Joanan (Gift of God), used always of the Baptist in this Gospel which never mentions the name of John son of Zebedee (the sons of Zebedee once, 21:2 ).經文:
約翰福音 1:7-1:7
註釋:
{For witness} (eis marturian). Old word from marture(935c) (from martus), both more common in John's writings than the rest of the N.T. This the purpose of the Baptist's ministry. {That he might bear witness} (hina martur(8873)(8869)). Final clause with hina and aorist active subjunctive of marture(935c) to make clearer eis marturian. {Of the light} (peri tou ph(9374)os). "Concerning the light." The light was shining and men with blinded eyes were not seeing the light ( Joh 1:26 ), blinded by the god of this world still ( 2Co 4:4 ). John had his own eyes opened so that he saw and told what he saw. That is the mission of every preacher of Christ. But he must first have his own eyes opened. {That all might believe} (hina pisteus(9373)in). Final clause with hina and first aorist active subjunctive of pisteu(935c), ingressive aorist "come to believe." This is one of John's great words (about 100 times), "with nine times the frequency with which it is used by the Synoptists" (Bernard). And yet pistis, so common in Paul, John uses only in 1Jo 5:4 and four times in the Apocalypse where pisteu(935c) does not occur at all. Here it is used absolutely as in Joh 1:50 , etc. {Through him} (di' autou). As the intermediate agent in winning men to believe in Christ (the Logos) as the Light and the Life of men. This is likewise the purpose of the author of this book ( 21:31 ). The preacher is merely the herald to point men to Christ.經文:
約翰福音 1:8-1:8
註釋:
{He} (ekeinos). "That one," i.e. John. He was a light ( Joh 5:35 ) as all believers are ( Mt 5:14 ), but not "the light" ( o ph(9373)). {But came} (all'). No verb in the Greek, to be supplied by repeating (886c)then of verse 7 . See similar ellipses in 9:3 13:18 15:25 . In Johannine fashion we have the final hina clause of verse 7 repeated.經文:
約翰福音 1:9-1:9
註釋:
{There was} ((886e)). Imperfect indicative. Emphatic position at the beginning of the sentence and so probably not periphrastic conjugation with erchomenon (coming) near the end, though that is possible. {The true light} ( o ph(9373) to al(8874)hinon). "The light the genuine," not a false light of wreckers of ships, but the dependable light that guides to the harbor of safety. This true light had been on hand all the time in the darkness ((886e) imperfect, linear action) before John came. {Even the light} (not in the Greek). Added in the English to make plain this interpretation. {Lighteth every man} (ph(9374)izei panta anthr(9370)on). Old verb (from ph(9373)) to give light as in Re 22:5 Lu 11:35f . The Quakers appeal to this phrase for their belief that to every man there is given an inner light that is a sufficient guide, the Quaker's text it is called. But it may only mean that all the real light that men receive comes from Christ, not necessarily that each one receives a special revelation. {Coming} (erchomenon). This present middle participle of erchomai can be taken with anthr(9370)on just before (accusative masculine singular), "every man as he comes into the world." It can also be construed with ph(9373) (nominative neuter singular). This idea occurs in Joh 3:19 11:27 12:46 . In the two last passages the phrase is used of the Messiah which makes it probable here. But even so the light presented in 11:27 12:46 is that of the Incarnate Messiah, not the Pre-incarnate Logos. Here kosmos rather than panta occurs in the sense of the orderly universe as often in this Gospel. See Eph 1:4 .經文:
約翰福音 1:10-1:10
註釋:
{He was in the world} (en t(9369) kosm(9369) (886e)). Imperfect tense of continuous existence in the universe before the Incarnation as in verses 1,2 . {Was made by him} (di' autou egeneto). "Through him." Same statement here of "the world" (ho kosmos) as that made in verse 3 of panta. {Knew him not} (auton ouk egn(935c)). Second aorist active indicative of common verb ginosk(935c), what Gildersleeve called a negative aorist, refused or failed to recognize him, his world that he had created and that was held together by him ( Col 1:16 ). Not only did the world fail to know the Pre-incarnate Logos, but it failed to recognize him when he became Incarnate ( Joh 1:26 ). Two examples in this sentence of John's fondness for kai as in verses 1,4,5,14 , the paratactic rather than the hypotactic construction, like the common Hebrew use of _wav_.經文:
約翰福音 1:11-1:11
註釋:
{Unto his own} (eis ta idia). Neuter plural, "unto his own things," the very idiom used in 19:27 when the Beloved Disciple took the mother of Jesus "to his own home." The world was "the own home" of the Logos who had made it. See also 16:32 Ac 21:6 . {They that were his own} (hoi idioi). In the narrower sense, "his intimates," "his own family," "his own friends" as in 13:1 . Jesus later said that a prophet is not without honour save in his own country ( Mr 6:4 Joh 4:44 ), and the town of Nazareth where he lived rejected him ( Lu 4:28f. Mt 13:58 ). Probably here hoi idioi means the Jewish people, the chosen people to whom Christ was sent first ( Mt 15:24 ), but in a wider sense the whole world is included in hoi idioi. Conder's _The Hebrew Tragedy_ emphasizes the pathos of the situation that the house of Israel refused to welcome the Messiah when he did come, like a larger and sadder Enoch Arden experience. {Received him not} (auton ou parelabon). Second aorist active indicative of paralamban(935c), old verb to take to one's side, common verb to welcome, the very verb used by Jesus in 14:3 of the welcome to his Father's house. Cf. katelaben in verse 5 . Israel slew the Heir ( Heb 1:2 ) when he came, like the wicked husbandmen ( Lu 20:14 ).經文:
約翰福音 1:12-1:12
註釋:
{As many as received him} (hosoi elabon auton). Effective aorist active indicative of lamban(935c) "as many as did receive him," in contrast with hoi idioi just before, exceptional action on the part of the disciples and other believers. {To them} (autois). Dative case explanatory of the relative clause preceding, an anacoluthon common in John 27 times as against 21 in the Synoptists. This is a common Aramaic idiom and is urged by Burney (_Aramaic Origin_, etc., p. 64) for his theory of an Aramaic original of the Fourth Gospel. {The right} (exousian). In 5:27 ed(936b)en (first aorist active indicative of did(936d)i) exousian means authority but includes power (dunamis). Here it is more the notion of privilege or right. {To become} (genesthai). Second aorist middle of ginomai, to become what they were not before. {Children of God} ( ekna theou). In the full spiritual sense, not as mere offspring of God true of all men ( Ac 17:28 ). Paul's phrase huioi theou ( Gal 3:26 ) for believers, used also by Jesus of the pure in heart ( Mt 5:9 ), does not occur in John's Gospel (but in Re 21:7 ). It is possible that John prefers a tekna tou theou for the spiritual children of God whether Jew or Gentile ( Joh 11:52 ) because of the community of nature ( eknon from root ek-, to beget). But one cannot follow Westcott in insisting on "adoption" as Paul's reason for the use of huioi since Jesus uses huioi theou in Mt 5:9 . Clearly the idea of regeneration is involved here as in Joh 3:3 . {Even to them that believe} ( ois pisteuousin). No "even" in the Greek, merely explanatory apposition with autois, dative case of the articular present active participle of pisteu(935c). {On his name} (eis to onoma). Bernard notes pisteu(9320)eis 35 times in John, to put trust in or on. See also 2:23 3:38 for pisteu(9320)eis to onoma autou. This common use of onoma for the person is an Aramaism, but it occurs also in the vernacular papyri and eis to onoma is particularly common in the payment of debts (Moulton and Milligan's _Vocabulary_). See Ac 1:15 for onomata for persons.經文:
約翰福音 1:13-1:13
註釋:
{Which were born} (hoi egenn(8874)h(8873)an). First aorist passive indicative of genna(935c), to beget, "who were begotten." By spiritual generation (of God, ek theou), not by physical (ex haimat(936e), plural as common in classics and O.T., though why it is not clear unless blood of both father and mother; ek thel(886d)atos sarkos, from sexual desire; ek thel(886d)atos andros, from the will of the male). But _b_ of the old Latin reads _qui natus est_ and makes it refer to Christ and so expressly teach the Virgin Birth of Jesus. Likewise Irenaeus reads _qui natus est_ as does Tertullian who argues that _qui nati sunt_ (hoi egenn(8874)h(8873)an) is an invention of the Valentinian Gnostics. Blass (_Philology of the Gospels_, p. 234) opposes this reading, but all the old Greek uncials read hoi egenn(8874)h(8873)an and it must be accepted. The Virgin Birth is doubtless implied in verse 14 , but it is not stated in verse 13 .經文:
約翰福音 1:14-1:14
註釋:
{And the Word became flesh} (kai ho logos sarx egeneto). See verse 3 for this verb and note its use for the historic event of the Incarnation rather than (886e) of verse 1 . Note also the absence of the article with the predicate substantive sarx, so that it cannot mean "the flesh became the Word." The Pre-existence of the Logos has already been plainly stated and argued. John does not here say that the Logos entered into a man or dwelt in a man or filled a man. One is at liberty to see an allusion to the birth narratives in Mt 1:16-25 Lu 1:28-38 , if he wishes, since John clearly had the Synoptics before him and chiefly supplemented them in his narrative. In fact, one is also at liberty to ask what intelligent meaning can one give to John's language here apart from the Virgin Birth? What ordinary mother or father ever speaks of a child "becoming flesh"? For the Incarnation see also 2Co 8:9 Ga 4:4 Ro 1:3 8:3 Php 2:7f. 1Ti 3:16 Heb 2:14 . "To explain the exact significance of egeneto in this sentence is beyond the powers of any interpreter" (Bernard). Unless, indeed, as seems plain, John is referring to the Virgin Birth as recorded in Matthew and Luke. "The Logos of philosophy is, John declares, the Jesus of history" (Bernard). Thus John asserts the deity and the real humanity of Christ. He answers the Docetic Gnostics who denied his humanity. {Dwelt among us} (esk(886e)(9373)en en h(886d)in). First aorist ingressive aorist active indicative of sk(886e)o(935c), old verb, to pitch one's tent or tabernacle (sk(886e)os or sk(886e)(885c)), in N.T. only here and Re 7-15 12:12 13:6 21:3 . In Revelation it is used of God tabernacling with men and here of the Logos tabernacling, God's Shekinah glory here among us in the person of his Son. {We beheld his glory} (etheasametha t(886e) doxan autou). First aorist middle indicative of heaomai (from hea, spectacle). The personal experience of John and of others who did recognize Jesus as the Shekinah glory (doxa) of God as James, the brother of Jesus, so describes him ( Jas 2:1 ). John employs heaomai again in 1:32 (the Baptist beholding the Spirit coming down as a dove) and 1:38 of the Baptist gazing in rapture at Jesus. So also 4:35 11:45 1Jo 1:1f. 4:12,14 . By this word John insists that in the human Jesus he beheld the Shekinah glory of God who was and is the Logos who existed before with God. By this plural John speaks for himself and all those who saw in Jesus what he did. {As of the only begotten from the Father} (h(9373) monogenous para patros). Strictly, "as of an only born from a father," since there is no article with monogenous or with patros. In Joh 3:16 1Jo 4:9 we have on monogen(885c) referring to Christ. This is the first use in the Gospel of pat(8872) of God in relation to the Logos. Monogen(8873) (only born rather than only begotten) here refers to the eternal relationship of the Logos (as in 1:18 ) rather than to the Incarnation. It distinguishes thus between the Logos and the believers as children ( ekna) of God. The word is used of human relationships as in Lu 7:12 8:42 9:38 . It occurs also in the LXX and Heb 11:17 , but elsewhere in N.T. only in John's writings. It is an old word in Greek literature. It is not clear whether the words para patros (from the Father) are to be connected with monogenous (cf. 6:46 7:29 , etc.) or with doxan (cf. 5:41,44 ). John clearly means to say that "the manifested glory of the Word was as it were the glory of the Eternal Father shared with His only Son" (Bernard). Cf. 8:54 14:9 17:5 . {Full} (pl(8872)(8873)). Probably indeclinable accusative adjective agreeing with doxan (or genitive with monogenous) of which we have papyri examples (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 275). As nominative pl(8872)(8873) can agree with the subject of esk(886e)(9373)en. {Of grace and truth} (charitos kai al(8874)heias). Curiously this great word charis (grace), so common with Paul, does not occur in John's Gospel save in 1:14,16,17 , though al(8874)heia (truth) is one of the keywords in the Fourth Gospel and in 1John, occurring 25 times in the Gospel and 20 in the Johannine Epistles, 7 times in the Synoptics and not at all in Revelation (Bernard). In 1:17 these two words picture the Gospel in Christ in contrast with the law of Moses. See Epistles of Paul for origin and use of both words.經文:
約翰福音 1:15-1:15
註釋:
{Beareth witness} (marturei). Historical (dramatic) present indicative of this characteristic word in John (cf. 1:17f. ). See 1:32,34 for historical examples of John's witness to Christ. This sentence is a parenthesis in Westcott and Hort's text, though the Revised Version makes a parenthesis of most of verse 14 . The witness of John is adduced in proof of the glory full of grace and truth already claimed for the Incarnate Logos. {Crieth} (kekragen). Second perfect active indicative of kraz(935c), old verb for loud crying, repeated in dramatic form again for emphasis recalling the wonderful Voice in the wilderness which the Beloved Disciple can still hear echoing through the years. {This was} (houtos (886e)). Imperfect indicative where John throws the tense back in past time when he looked forward to the coming of the Messiah as in Ac 3:10 where we should prefer "is" (estin). Gildersleeve (_Syntax_, p. 96) calls this the "imperfect of sudden appreciation of the real state of things." {Of whom I said} (hon eipon). But B C and a corrector of Aleph (Westcott and Hort) have ho eip(936e) "the one who said," a parenthetical explanation about the Baptist, not the words of the Baptist about Christ. {After me} (opis(9320)mou). See also 1:27 . Later in time John means. He described "the Coming One" (ho erchomenos) before he saw Jesus. The language of John here is precisely that in Mt 3:11 ho opis(9320)mou erchomenos (cf. Mr 1:7 ). The Beloved Disciple had heard the Baptist say these very words, but he also had the Synoptic Gospels. {Is become} (gegonen). Second perfect active indicative of ginomai. It is already an actual fact when the Baptist is speaking. {Before me} (emprosthen mou). In rank and dignity, the Baptist means, ho ischuroteros mou "the one mightier than I" ( Mr 1:7 ) and ischuroteros mou "mightier than I" ( Mt 3:11 ). In Joh 3:28 emprosthen ekeinou (before him, the Christ) does mean priority in time, but not here. This superior dignity of the Messiah John proudly recognizes always ( Joh 3:25-30 ). {For he was before me} (hoti pr(9374)os mou (886e)). Paradox, but clear. He had always been ((886e) imperfect) before John in his Pre-incarnate state, but "after" John in time of the Incarnation, but always ahead of John in rank immediately on his Incarnation. Pr(9374)os mou (superlative with ablative) occurs here when only two are compared as is common in the vernacular _Koin(825f). So the Beloved Disciple came first (pr(9374)os) to the tomb, ahead of Peter ( 20:4 ). So also pr(9374)on hum(936e) in 15:18 means "before you" as if it were proteron hum(936e). Verse 30 repeats these words almost exactly.經文:
約翰福音 1:16-1:16
註釋:
{For} (hoti). Correct text (Aleph B C D L) and not kai (and) of the Textus Receptus. Explanatory reason for verse 14 . {Of his fulness} (ek tou pl(8872)(936d)atos). The only instance of pl(8872)(936d)a in John's writings, though five times of Christ in Paul's Epistles ( Col 1:19 2:9 Eph 1:23 3:19 4:13 ). See Col 1:19 for discussion of these terms of the Gnostics that Paul employs for all the attributes of God summed up in Christ ( Col 2:9 ) and so used here by John of the Incarnate Logos. {We all} (h(886d)eis pantes). John is facing the same Gnostic depreciation of Christ of which Paul writes in Colossians. So here John appeals to all his own contemporaries as participants with him in the fulness of the Logos. {Received} (elabomen). Second aorist active indicative of lamban(935c), a wider experience than beholding (etheasametha, verse 14 ) and one that all believers may have. {Grace for grace} (charin anti charitos). The point is in anti, a preposition disappearing in the _Koin(825f) and here only in John. It is in the locative case of anta (end), "at the end," and was used of exchange in sale. See Lu 11:11 , anti ichthuos ophin, "a serpent for a fish," Heb 12:2 where "joy" and "cross" are balanced against each other. Here the picture is "grace" taking the place of "grace" like the manna fresh each morning, new grace for the new day and the new service.經文:
約翰福音 1:17-1:17
註釋:
{Was given} (edoth(885c)). First aorist passive indicative of did(936d)i. {By Moses} (dia M(9375)se(9373)). "Through Moses" as the intermediate agent of God. {Came} (egeneto). The historical event, the beginning of Christianity. {By Jesus Christ} (dia I(8873)ou Christou). "Through Jesus Christ," the intermediate agent of God the Father. Here in plain terms John identifies the Pre-incarnate Logos with Jesus of Nazareth, the Messiah. The full historical name "Jesus Christ" is here for the first time in John. See also 17:3 and four times in 1John and five times in Revelation. Without Christ there would have been no Christianity. John's theology is here pictured by the words "grace and truth" (h(8820)charis kai h(8820)al(8874)heia), each with the article and each supplementary to the other. It is grace in contrast with law as Paul sets forth in Galatians and Romans. Paul had made grace "a Christian commonplace" (Bernard) before John wrote. It is truth as opposed to Gnostic and all other heresy as Paul shows in Colossians and Ephesians. The two words aptly describe two aspects of the Logos and John drops the use of Logos and charis, but clings to al(8874)heia (see 8:32 for the freedom brought by truth), though the ideas in these three words run all through his Gospel.經文:
約翰福音 1:18-1:18
註釋:
Ac (10:8 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = 'Ac (10' or engs='Ac (10'經文:
約翰福音 1:19-1:19
註釋:
{And this is the witness of John} (kai haut(8820)estin h(880a)marturia tou I(9361)nou). He had twice already alluded to it (verses 7f., 15 ) and now he proceeds to give it as the most important item to add after the Prologue. Just as the author assumes the birth narratives of Matthew and Luke, so he assumes the Synoptic accounts of the baptism of Jesus by John, but adds various details of great interest and value between the baptism and the Galilean ministry, filling out thus our knowledge of this first year of the Lord's ministry in various parts of Palestine. The story in John proceeds along the same lines as in the Synoptics. There is increasing unfolding of Christ to the disciples with increasing hostility on the part of the Jews till the final consummation in Jerusalem. {When the Jews sent unto him} (hote apesteilan pros auton hoi Ioudaioi). John, writing in Ephesus near the close of the first century long after the destruction of Jerusalem, constantly uses the phrase "the Jews" as descriptive of the people as distinct from the Gentile world and from the followers of Christ (at first Jews also). Often he uses it of the Jewish leaders and rulers in particular who soon took a hostile attitude toward both John and Jesus. Here it is the Jews from Jerusalem who sent (apesteilan, first aorist active indicative of apostell(935c)). {Priests and Levites} (hiereis kai Leueitas). Sadducees these were. Down below in verse 24 the author explains that it was the Pharisees who sent the Sadducees. The Synoptics throw a flood of light on this circumstance, for in Mt 3:7 we are told that the Baptist called the Pharisees and Sadducees "offspring of vipers" ( Lu 3:7 ). Popular interest in John grew till people were wondering "in their hearts concerning John whether haply he were the Christ" ( Lu 3:15 ). So the Sanhedrin finally sent a committee to John to get his own view of himself, but the Pharisees saw to it that Sadducees were sent. {To ask him} (hina er(9374)(8873)(9373)in auton). Final hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of er(9374)a(935c), old verb to ask a question as here and often in the _Koin(825f) to ask for something ( Joh 14:16 ) like aite(935c). {Who art thou?} (su tis ei;). Direct question preserved and note proleptic position of su, "Thou, who art thou?" The committee from the Sanhedrin put the question sharply up to John to define his claims concerning the Messiah.經文:
約翰福音 1:20-1:20
註釋:
{And he confessed} (kai h(936d)olog(8873)en). The continued paratactic use of kai (and) and the first aorist active indicative of homologe(935c), old verb from homologos (homon, leg(935c), to say the same thing), to confess, in the Synoptics ( Mt 10:32 ) as here. {And denied not} (kai ouk (8872)n(8873)ato). Negative statement of same thing in Johannine fashion, first aorist middle indicative of arneomai, another Synoptic and Pauline word ( Mt 10:33 2Ti 2:12 ). He did not contradict or refuse to say who he was. {And he confessed} (kai h(936d)olog(8873)en). Thoroughly Johannine again in the paratactic repetition. {I am not the Christ} (Eg(930a)ouk eimi ho Christos). Direct quotation again with recitative hoti before it like our modern quotation marks. "I am not the Messiah," he means by ho Christos (the Anointed One). Evidently it was not a new question as Luke had already shown ( Lu 3:15 ).經文:
約翰福音 1:21-1:21
註釋:
{And they asked him} (kai (8872)(9374)(8873)an auton). Here the paratactic kai is like the transitional oun (then). {What then?} (Ti oun;). Argumentative oun like Paul's i oun in Ro 6:15 . _Quid ergo?_ {Art thou Elijah?} (Su Elias ei;). The next inevitable question since Elijah had been understood to be the forerunner of the Messiah from Mal 4:5 . In Mr 9:11f. Jesus will identify John with the Elijah of Malachi's prophecy. Why then does John here flatly deny it? Because the expectation was that Elijah would return in person. This John denies. Jesus only asserts that John was Elijah in spirit. Elijah in person they had just seen on the Mount of Transfiguration. {He saith} (legei). Vivid dramatic present. {I am not} (ouk eimi). Short and blunt denial. {Art thou the prophet?} (ho proph(8874)(8873) ei su;). "The prophet art thou?" This question followed naturally the previous denials. Moses ( De 18:15 ) had spoken of a prophet like unto himself. Christians interpreted this prophet to be the Messiah ( Ac 3:22 7:37 ), but the Jews thought him another forerunner of the Messiah ( Joh 7:40 ). It is not clear in Joh 6:15 whether the people identified the expected prophet with the Messiah, though apparently so. Even the Baptist later became puzzled in prison whether Jesus himself was the true Messiah or just one of the forerunners ( Lu 7:19 ). People wondered about Jesus himself whether he was the Messiah or just one of the looked for prophets ( Mr 8:28 Mt 16:14 ). {And he answered} (kai apekrith(885c)). First aorist passive (deponent passive, sense of voice gone) indicative of apokrinomai, to give a decision from myself, to reply. {No} (Ou). Shortest possible denial.經文:
約翰福音 1:22-1:22
註釋:
{They said therefore} (eipan oun). Second aorist active indicative of defective verb eipon with a instead of usual o. Note oun, inferential here as in verse 21 though often merely transitional in John. {Who art thou?} (Tis ei;). Same question as at first (verse 19 ), but briefer. {That we give answer} (hina apokrisin d(936d)en). Final use of hina with second aorist active subjunctive of did(936d)i with apokrisin from apokrinomai, above, old substantive as in Lu 2:47 . {To those that sent} ( ois pempsasin). Dative case plural of the articular participle first aorist active of pemp(935c). {What sayest thou of thyself?} (Ti legeis peri seautou;). This time they opened wide the door without giving any hint at all.經文:
約翰福音 1:23-1:23
註釋:
{He said} (eph(885c)). Common imperfect active (or second aorist active) of ph(886d)i, to say, old defective verb. {I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness} (Eg(9320)ph(936e)(8820)bo(936e)tos en t(8869) er(886d)(9369)). For his answer John quotes Isa 40:3 . The Synoptics ( Mr 1:3 Mt 3:3 Lu 3:4 ) quote this language from Isaiah as descriptive of John, but do not say that he also applied it to himself. There is no reason to think that he did not do so. John also refers to Isaiah as the author of the words and also of the message, "{Make straight the way of the Lord}" (Euthunate t(886e) hodon tou kuriou). By this language (euthun(935c) in N.T. only here and Jas 3:4 , first aorist active imperative here) John identifies himself to the committee as the forerunner of the Messiah. The early writers note the differences between the use of Logos (Word) for the Messiah and ph(936e)(885c) (Voice) for John.經文:
約翰福音 1:24-1:24
註釋:
{They had been sent} (apestalmenoi (8873)an). Periphrastic past perfect passive of apostell(935c). {From the Pharisees} (ek t(936e) Pharisai(936e)). As the source (ek) of the committee of Sadducees (verse 19 ).經文:
約翰福音 1:25-1:25
註釋:
{Why then baptizest thou?} (Ti oun baptizeis;). In view of his repeated denials (three here mentioned). {If thou art not} (ei su ouk ei). Condition of first class. They did not interpret his claim to be "the voice" to be important enough to justify the ordinance of baptism. Abrahams (_Studies in Pharisaism and the Gospels_) shows that proselyte baptism was probably practised before John's time, but its use by John was treating the Jews as if they were themselves Gentiles.經文:
約翰福音 1:26-1:26
註釋:
{In the midst of you standeth} (mesos hum(936e) st(886b)ei). Adjective as in 19:18 , not en mes(9369) hum(936e). Present active indicative of late verb st(886b)(935c) from perfect stem hest(886b)a. John had already baptized Jesus and recognized him as the Messiah. {Whom ye know not} (hon humeis ouk oidate). This was the tragedy of the situation ( 1:11 ). Apparently this startling declaration excited no further inquiry from the committee.經文:
約翰福音 1:27-1:27
註釋:
{Coming after me} (opis(9320)mou erchomenos). No article (ho) in Aleph B. John as the forerunner of the Messiah has preceded him in time, but not in rank as he instantly adds. {The latchet of whose shoe I am not worthy to unloose} (hou ouk eimi axios hina lus(9320)autou ton himanta tou hupod(886d)atos). Literally, "of whom I am not worthy that I unloose the latchet (see Mr 1:7 for himas) of his sandal (see Mt 3:11 for hupod(886d)a, bound under the foot)." Only use of axios with hina in John, though used by Paul in this saying of the Baptist ( Ac 13:25 ), hikanos hina in Mt 3:8 , but hikanos lusai (aorist active infinitive instead of lus(935c), aorist active subjunctive) in Mr 1:7 ( Lu 3:16 ) and astasai in Mt 3:11 .經文:
約翰福音 1:28-1:28
註釋:
{In Bethany beyond Jordan} (en B(8874)hani(8369) peran tou Iordanou). Undoubtedly the correct text, not "in Bethabara" as Origen suggested instead of "in Bethany" of all the known Greek manuscripts under the mistaken notion that the only Bethany was that near Jerusalem. {Was baptizing} ((886e) baptiz(936e)). Periphrastic imperfect, common idiom in John.經文:
約翰福音 1:29-1:29
註釋:
{On the morrow} ( (8869) epaurion). Locative case with h(886d)(8872)(8369) (day) understood after the adverb epaurion. "Second day of this spiritual diary" (Bernard) from verse 19 . {Seeth Jesus coming} (lepei ton I(8873)oun erchomenon). Dramatic historical present indicative (lepei) with vivid present middle participle (erchomenon). Graphic picture. {Behold the Lamb of God} (ide ho amnos tou theou). Exclamation ide like idou, not verb, and so nominative amnos. Common idiom in John ( 1:36 3:26 , etc.). For "the Lamb of God" see 1Co 5:7 (cf. Joh 19:36 ) and 1Pe 1:19 . The passage in Isa 53:6f. is directly applied to Christ by Philip in Ac 8:32 . See also Mt 8:17 1Pe 2:22f. Heb 9:28 . But the Jews did not look for a suffering Messiah ( Joh 12:34 ) nor did the disciples at first ( Mr 9:32 Lu 24:21 ). But was it not possible for John, the Forerunner of the Messiah, to have a prophetic insight concerning the Messiah as the Paschal Lamb, already in Isa 53 , even if the rabbis did not see it there? Symeon had it dimly ( Lu 2:35 ), but John more clearly. So Westcott rightly. Bernard is unwilling to believe that John the Baptist had more insight on this point than current Judaism. Then why and how did he recognize Jesus as Messiah at all? Certainly the Baptist did not have to be as ignorant as the rabbis. {Which taketh away the sin of the world} (ho air(936e) t(886e) hamartian tou kosmou). Note singular hamartian not plural hamartias ( 1Jo 3:5 ) where same verb air(935c), to bear away, is used. The future work of the Lamb of God here described in present tense as in 1Jo 1:7 about the blood of Christ. He is the Lamb of God for the world, not just for Jews.經文:
約翰福音 1:30-1:30
註釋:
{Of whom} (huper hou). Not peri, but huper. "On behalf of whom." John points to Jesus as he speaks: "This is he." There he is. See verse 15 for discussion of these words of John.經文:
約翰福音 1:31-1:31
註釋:
{And I knew him not} (kag(9320)ouk (8869)dein auton). Repeated in verse 33 . Second past perfect of oida as imperfect. He had predicted the Messiah and described him before he met him and baptized him. See the Synoptics for that story. Whether John knew Jesus personally before the baptism we do not know. {But that he should be made manifest to Israel} (all' hina phaner(9374)h(8869) t(9369) Isra(886c)). Final clause with hina and first aorist passive subjunctive of phanero(935c). The purpose of John's ministry was to manifest to Israel with their spiritual privileges ( 1:49 ) the presence of the Messiah. Hence he was baptizing in water those who confessed their sins, he means, as in Mr 1:5 . The Synoptic account is presupposed all along here.經文:
約翰福音 1:32-1:32
註釋:
{Bare witness} (emartur(8873)en). First aorist active indicative of marture(935c). Another specimen of John's witness to the Messiah ( 1:7,15,19,29,35,36 ). {I have beheld} ( etheamai). Perfect middle indicative of heaomai, the realization of the promise of the sign (verse 33 ) by which he should recognize the Messiah. As a matter of fact, we know that he so recognized Jesus as Messiah when he came for baptism before the Holy Spirit came ( Mt 3:14ff. ). But this sight of the Spirit descending as a dove upon Jesus at his baptism ( Mr 1:10 Mt 3:16 Lu 3:22 ) became permanent proof to him. John's allusion assumes the Synoptic record. The Semites regarded the dove as a symbol of the Spirit.經文:
約翰福音 1:33-1:33
註釋:
{He said} (ekeinos eipen). Explicit and emphatic pronoun as in verse 8 , referring to God as the one who sent John (verse 6 ). {With the Holy Spirit} (en pneumati hagi(9369)). "In the Holy Spirit." Here again one needs the background of the Synoptics for the contrast between John's baptism in water ( Joh 1:26 ) and that of the Messiah in the Holy Spirit ( Mr 1:8 Mt 3:11 Lu 3:16 ).經文:
約翰福音 1:34-1:34
註釋:
{I have seen} (he(9372)aka). Present perfect active of hora(935c). John repeats the statement of verse 32 ( etheamai). {Have borne witness} (memartur(886b)a). Perfect active indicative of marture(935c) for which verb see 32 . {This is the Son of God} (ho huios tou theou). The Baptist saw the Spirit come on Jesus at his baptism and undoubtedly heard the Father's voice hail him as "My Beloved Son" ( Mr 1:11 Mt 3:17 Lu 3:22 ). Nathanael uses it as a Messianic title ( Joh 1:49 ) as does Martha ( 11:27 ). The Synoptics use it also of Christ ( Mr 3:11 Mt 14:33 Lu 22:70 ). Caiaphas employs it to Christ as a Messianic title ( Mt 26:63 ) and Jesus confessed under oath that he was (verse Mt 26:64 ), thus applying the term to himself as he does in John's Gospel ( 5:25 10:36 11:4 ) and by implication (the Father, the Son) in Mt 11:27 ( Lu 10:22 ). Hence in the Synoptics also Jesus calls himself the Son of God. The phrase means more than just Messiah and expresses the peculiar relation of the Son to the Father ( Joh 3:18 5:25 17:5 19:7 20:31 ) like that of the Logos with God in 1:1 .經文:
約翰福音 1:35-1:35
註釋:
{Again on the morrow} ( (8869) epaurion palin). Third day since verse 19 . {Was standing} (hist(886b)ei). Past perfect of hist(886d)i, intransitive, and used as imperfect in sense. See same form in 7:37 . {Two} (duo). One was Andrew (verse 40 ), the other the Beloved Disciple (the Apostle John), who records this incident with happy memories.經文:
約翰福音 1:36-1:36
註釋:
{He looked} (emblepsas). First aorist active participle of emblep(935c), antecedent action before legei (says). {As he walked} (peripatounti). Present active participle in dative case after emblepsas and like erchomenon in verse 29 vividly pictures the rapture of John in this vision of Jesus, so far as we know the third and last glimpse of Jesus by John (the baptism, verse 29 , and here). {Saith} (legei). Historical present, change from hist(886b)ei before. He repeats part of the tribute in verse 29 .經文:
約翰福音 1:37-1:37
註釋:
{Heard him speak} ((886b)ousan autou lalountos). First active indicative of akou(935c) and present active participle of lale(935c) in genitive case agreeing with autou, object of akou(935c). "Heard him speaking" (kind of indirect discourse). John had disciples (math(8874)ai, learners, from manthan(935c), to learn). {They followed Jesus} ((886b)olouth(8873)an t(9369) I(8873)ou). Associative instrumental case after verb (first aorist active indicative, ingressive aorist, of akolouthe(935c)). These two disciples of the Baptist (Andrew and John) took him at his word and acted on it. John the Baptist had predicted and portrayed the Messiah, had baptized him, had interpreted him, and now for the second time had identified him.經文:
約翰福音 1:38-1:38
註釋:
{Turned} (strapheis). Second aorist passive participle of streph(935c), vividly picturing the sudden act of Jesus on hearing their steps behind him. {Beheld} ( heasamenos). First aorist middle participle of heaomai (verse 32 ). Both participles here express antecedent action to legei (saith). {Following} (akolothountas). Present active participle of akolouthe(935c) (verse 37 ). It was Christ's first experience of this kind and the two came from the Baptist to Jesus. {What seek ye?} (Ti z(8874)eite;). Not "whom" ( ina 18:4 20:15 ), but "what purpose have you." The first words of Jesus preserved in this Gospel. See Lu 2:49 Mt 3:15 for words spoken before this and Mr 1:15 for Mark's first report in the Galilean ministry. {Rabbi} (Rabbei). Aramaic title for "Teacher" which John here translates by Didaskale as he is writing late and for general readers. Luke, a Greek Christian, does not use it, but John recalls his first use of this term to Jesus and explains it. Matthew has it only in the greeting of Judas to the Master ( Mt 26:25,49 ) and Mark once by Judas ( Mr 14:45 ) and twice by Peter ( Mr 9:5 11:21 ). John's Gospel has the disciples at first addressing Jesus by Rabbi while others address him by Kurie (Lord or Sir) as in 4:11,49 5:7 . Peter uses Kurie in 6:68 . In the end the disciples usually say Kurie ( 13:6,25 , etc.), but Mary Magdalene says Rabbounei ( 20:16 ). {Being interpreted} (metherm(886d)euomenon). Present passive participle of metherm(886e)eu(935c), late compound of meta and herm(886e)eu(935c), to explain ( Joh 1:42 ), old word from Hermes, the god of speech (hermeneutics). John often explains Aramaic words ( 1:38,41,42 4:25 9:7 , etc.). {Where abidest thou?} (Pou meneis;). They wished a place for quiet converse with Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 1:39-1:39
註釋:
{Come and ye shall see} (erchesthe kai opsesthe). Polite invitation and definite promise (future middle indicative opsesthe from hora(935c), correct text, not imperative idete). {Where he abode} (pou menei). Indirect question preserving the present active indicative after secondary tense (eidan, saw) according to regular Greek idiom. Same verb men(935c) as in 38 . {With him} (par' aut(9369)). "By his side," "beside him." {That day} ( (886e) h(886d)eran ekein(886e)). Accusative of extent of time, all during that day. {About the tenth hour} (h(9372)a h(9373) dekat(885c)). Roman time and so ten o'clock in the morning. John in Ephesus at the close of the century naturally uses Roman time. See 20:19 "evening on that day," clearly Roman time. Thus also Joh 19:14 (sixth hour, morning) and Mr 15:25 (third hour, nine A.M.) suit. To his latest day John never forgot the hour when first he met Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 1:40-1:40
註釋:
{Andrew} (Andreas). Explained by John as one of the two disciples of the Baptist and identified as the brother of the famous Simon Peter (cf. also 6:8 12:22 ). The more formal call of Andrew and Simon, James and John, comes later ( Mr 1:16ff. Mt 4:18ff. Lu 3:1-11 ). {That heard John speak} ( (936e) akousant(936e) para I(9361)nou). "That heard from John," a classical idiom (para with ablative after akou(935c)) seen also in 6:45 7:51 8:26,40 15:15 .經文:
約翰福音 1:41-1:41
註釋:
{He findeth first} (heuriskei houtos pr(9374)on). "This one finds (vivid dramatic present) first" (prot(936e)). Prot(936e) (adverb supported by Aleph A B fam. 13) means that Andrew sought "his own brother Simon" ( on adelphon ton idion Sim(936e)a) before he did anything else. But Aleph L W read pr(9374)os (nominative adjective) which means that Andrew was the first who went after his brother implying that John also went after his brother James. Some old Latin manuscripts (b, e, r apparently), have mane for Greek pr(9369) (early in the morning). Bernard thinks that this is the true reading as it allows more time for Andrew to bring Simon to Jesus. Probably pr(9374)on is correct, but even so John likely brought also his brother James after Andrew's example. {We have found the Messiah} (Heur(886b)amen ton Messian). First aorist active indicative of heurisk(935c). Andrew and John had made the greatest discovery of the ages, far beyond gold or diamond mines. The Baptist had told about him. "We have seen him." {Which is} (ho estin). Same explanatory neuter relative as in verse 38 , "which word is." This Aramaic title Messiah is preserved in the N.T. only here and 4:25 , elsewhere translated into Christos, Anointed One, from chri(935c), to anoint. See on 烘t 1:1| for discussion.經文:
約翰福音 1:42-1:42
註釋:
{Looked upon him} (emblepsas aut(9369)). See verse 36 for same word and form of John's eager gaze at Jesus. Luke uses this word of Jesus when Peter denied him ( Lu 22:61 ). {He brought him} ((8867)agen auton). Effective second aorist active indicative of ago as if Andrew had to overcome some resistance on Simon's part. {Thou shalt be called Cephas} (su kl(8874)h(8873)(8869) K(8870)h(8373)). Apparently before Simon spoke. We do not know whether Jesus had seen Simon before or not, but he at once gives him a nickname that will characterize him some day, though not yet, when he makes the noble confession ( Mt 16:17f. ), and Jesus will say, "Thou art Peter." Here the future passive indicative of kale(935c) is only prophecy. The Aramaic C(8870)h(8373) (rock) is only applied to Simon in John except by Paul ( 1Co 1:12 Ga 1:18 , etc.). But the Greek Petros is used by all. In the ancient Greek petra was used for the massive ledge of rock like Stone Mountain while petros was a detached fragment of the ledge, though itself large. This distinction may exist in Mt 16:17f. , except that Jesus probably used Aramaic which would not have such a distinction.經文:
約翰福音 1:43-1:43
註釋:
{On the morrow} ( (8869) epaurion). The fourth of the days from verse 19 . {He findeth Philip} (heuriskei Philippon). Vivid dramatic present as in 41 , though (8874)hel(8873)en (was minded, wished) is aorist active indicative. Apparently not an accidental finding, possibly due to the efforts of Andrew and Peter. Both Andrew and Philip have Greek names. {Follow me} (akolouthei moi). Present active imperative, a direct challenge to Philip. Often Jesus uses this verb to win disciples ( Mr 2:14 Mt 8:22 9:21 19:21 Lu 9:59 Joh 21:19 ). Already Jesus had four personal followers (Andrew and Simon, John and James). He has begun his work.經文:
約翰福音 1:44-1:44
註釋:
{From Bethsaida} (apo B(8874)hsaida). Same expression in 12:21 with the added words "of Galilee," which locates it in Galilee, not in Iturea. There were two Bethsaidas, one called Bethsaida Julias in Iturea (that in Lu 9:10 ) or the Eastern Bethsaida, the other the Western Bethsaida in Galilee ( Mr 6:45 ), perhaps somewhere near Capernaum. This is the town of Andrew and Peter and Philip. Hence Philip would be inclined to follow the example of his townsmen.經文:
約翰福音 1:45-1:45
註釋:
{Philip findeth} (heuriskei Philippos). Dramatic present again. Philip carries on the work. One wins one. If that glorious beginning had only kept on! Now it takes a hundred to win one. {Nathaniel} ( on Nathana(886c)). It is a Hebrew name meaning "God has given" like the Greek Theodore (Gift of God). He was from Cana of Galilee ( Joh 21:2 ), not far from Bethsaida and so known to Philip. His name does not occur in the Synoptics while Bartholomew (a patronymic, _Bar Tholmai_) does not appear in John. They are almost certainly two names of the same man. Philip uses heur(886b)amen (verse 41 ) also to Nathanael and so unites himself with the circle of believers, but instead of Messian describes him "of whom (hon accusative with egrapsen) Moses in the law ( De 18:15 ) and the prophets (so the whole O.T. as in Lu 24:27,44 ) did write." {Jesus of Nazareth the son of Joseph} (I(8873)oun huion tou I(9373)(8870)h ton apo Nazaret). More exactly, "Jesus, son of Joseph, the one from Nazareth." Jesus passed as son (no article in the Greek) of Joseph, though John has just described him as "God-only Begotten" in verse 18 , but certainly Philip could not know this. Bernard terms this part "the irony of St. John" for he is sure that his readers will agree with him as to the real deity of Jesus Christ. These details were probably meant to interest Nathanael.經文:
約翰福音 1:46-1:46
註釋:
{Can any good thing come out of Nazareth?} (Ek Nazaret dunatai ti agathon einai;). Literally, "Out of Nazareth can anything good be." There is a tinge of scorn in the question as if Nazareth (note position at beginning of sentence) had a bad name. Town rivalry may account to some extent for it since Cana (home of Nathanael) was near Nazareth. Clearly he had never heard of Jesus. The best thing in all the world came out of Nazareth, but Philip does not argue the point. A saying had arisen that no prophet comes out of Galilee ( Joh 7:52 ), untrue like many such sayings. {Come and see} (erchou kai ide). Present middle imperative (come on) and second active imperative (and see at once). Philip followed the method of Jesus with Andrew and John (verse 39 ), probably without knowing it. Wise is the one who knows how to deal with the sceptic.經文:
約翰福音 1:47-1:47
註釋:
{Behold} (ide). Here an exclamation (see 1:29 ) as often like idou. {An Israelite indeed} (al(8874)h(9373) Isra(886c)eit(8873)). "Truly an Israelite," one living up to the covenant name, Israel at its best ( Ro 2:29 ), without the guile (dolos, deceit, bait for fish, from deleaz(935c), to catch with bait) that Jacob once had of which Isaac complained ( Ge 27:35 , dolos, here in LXX). The servant of Jehovah was to be without guile ( Isa 53:9 ).經文:
約翰福音 1:48-1:48
註釋:
{Whence knowest thou me?} (Pothen me gin(9373)keis;). Nathanael is astonished at this tribute, at any knowledge about himself by Jesus. He had overheard Christ's comment and longed to know its source. {Before Philip called thee} (Pro tou se Philippon ph(936e)(8873)ai). Idiomatic Greek, pro and the ablative case of the articular aorist active infinitive ( ou ph(936e)(8873)ai, from ph(936e)e(935c), to call) with se as the object and Philippon, the accusative of general reference, "before the calling thee as to Philip." {When thou wast under the fig tree} (onta hupo t(886e) suk(886e)). "Being under the fig tree," accusative present participle agreeing with se. The fig tree was a familiar object in Palestine, probably in leaf at this time, the accusative with hupo may suggest that Nathanael had withdrawn there for prayer. Note genitive with hupokat(935c) in verse 50 . Jesus saw Nathanael's heart as well as his mere presence there. He saw him in his worship and so knew him.經文:
約翰福音 1:49-1:49
註釋:
{Thou art the Son of God} (su ei ho huios tou theou). Whether Nathanael had heard the Baptist say this of Jesus ( 1:34 ) we do not know, apparently not, but Nathanael was a student of the Old Testament as Philip implied ( 1:45 ) and was quick to put together his knowledge, the statement of Philip, and the manifest supernatural knowledge of Jesus as just shown. There is no reason for toning down the noble confession of Nathanael in the light of Christ's claim in verse 51 . Cf. the confession of Peter in 6:69 Mt 16:16 and Martha's in Joh 11:27 . Nathanael goes further. {Thou art King of Israel} (Basileus ei tou Isra(886c)). To us this seems an anti-climax, but not so to Nathanael for both are Messianic titles in Ps 2 and Jesus is greeted in the Triumphal Entry as the King of Israel ( Joh 12:13 ).經文:
約翰福音 1:50-1:50
註釋:
{Answered and said} (apekrith(8820)kai eipen). This redundant use of both verbs (cf. 1:26 ) occurs in the Synoptics also and in the LXX also. It is Aramaic also and vernacular. It is not proof of an Aramaic original as Burney argues (_Aramaic Origin_, etc., p. 53). {Because} (hoti). Causal use of hoti at beginning of the sentence as in 14:19 15:19 16:6 . The second hoti before eidon (I saw) is either declarative (that) or merely recitative (either makes sense here). {Thou shalt see greater things than these} (meiz(9320)tout(936e) ops(8869)). Perhaps volitive future middle indicative of hora(935c) (though merely futuristic is possible as with opsesthe in 51 ) ablative case of out(936e) after the comparative adjective meiz(935c). The wonder of Nathanael no doubt grew as Jesus went on.經文:
約翰福音 1:51-1:51
註釋:
{Verily, Verily} (Am(886e), am(886e)). Hebrew word transliterated into Greek and then into English, our "amen." John always repeats it, not singly as in the Synoptics, and only in the words of Jesus, an illustration of Christ's authoritative manner of speaking as shown also by leg(9320)humin (I say unto you). Note plural humin though aut(9369) just before is singular (to him). Jesus addresses thus others besides Nathanael. {The heaven opened} ( on ouranon ane(9369)gota). Second perfect active participle of anoig(935c) with double reduplication, standing open. The words remind one of what took place at the baptism of Jesus ( Mt 3:16 Lu 3:21 ), but the immediate reference is to the opened heaven as the symbol of free intercourse between God and man ( Isa 64:1 ) and as it was later illustrated in the death of Stephen ( Ac 7:56 ). There is a quotation from Ge 28:12f. , Jacob's vision at Bethel. That was a dream to Jacob, but Christ is himself the bond of fellowship between heaven and earth, between God and man, for Jesus is both "the Son of God" as Nathanael said and "the Son of Man" (epi ton huion tou anthr(9370)ou) as Jesus here calls himself. God and man meet in Christ. He is the true Jacob's Ladder. "I am the Way," Jesus will say. He is more than King of Israel, he is the Son of Man (the race). So quickly has this Gospel brought out in the witness of the Baptist, the faith of the first disciples, the claims of Jesus Christ, the fully developed picture of the Logos who is both God and man, moving among men and winning them to his service. At the close of the ministry Christ will tell Caiaphas that he will see the Son of Man sitting at the right hand of power and coming with the clouds of heaven ( Mr 14:62 ). Here at the start Jesus is conscious of the final culmination and in apocalyptic eschatological language that we do not fully understand he sets forth the dignity and majesty of his Person.經文:
約翰福音 2:1-2:1
註釋:
{The third day} ( (8869) h(886d)er(8369) t(8869) trit(8869)). "On the day the third" (locative case), from the start to Galilee when Philip was found ( 1:43 ), seven days since 1:19 . {There was a marriage} (gamos egeneto). "A wedding (or marriage festival) took place." See on 烘t 22:8|. {In Cana of Galilee} (en Kana t(8873) Galilaias). This town, the home of Nathanael ( 21:2 ), is only mentioned again in 4:46 as the home of the nobleman. There was a Cana in Coele-Syria. It is usually located at _Kefr Kenna_ (3 1/2 miles from Nazareth), though _Ain Kana_ and _Khirbet Kana_ are also possible. Bernard thinks that it was probably on Wednesday afternoon the fourth day of the week (usual day for marriage of virgins), when the party of Jesus arrived. {And the mother of Jesus was there} (kai (886e) h(8820)m(8874)(8872) tou I(8873)ou ekei). When they arrived. John does not mention her name, probably because already well known in the Synoptics. Probably Joseph was already dead. Mary may have been kin to the family where the wedding took place, an intimate friend clearly.經文:
約翰福音 2:2-2:2
註釋:
{Jesus also was bidden} (ekl(8874)h(8820)kai ho I(8873)ous). First aorist passive indicative of kale(935c), "was also invited" as well as his mother and because of her presence, possibly at her suggestion. {And his disciples} (kai hoi math(8874)ai). Included in the invitation and probably all of them acquaintances of the family. See on 氣:35| for this word applied to John's followers. This group of six already won form the nucleus of the great host of "learners" through the ages who will follow Jesus as Teacher and Lord and Saviour. The term is sometimes restricted to the twelve apostles, but more often has a wider circle in view as in Joh 6:61,66 20:30 .經文:
約翰福音 2:3-2:3
註釋:
{When the wine failed} (huster(8873)antos oinou). Genitive absolute with first aorist active participle of hustere(935c), old verb from husteros, late or lacking. See same use in Mr 10:21 . A longer Western paraphrase occurs in some manuscripts. It was an embarrassing circumstance, especially to Mary, if partly due to the arrival of the seven guests. {They have no wine} (Oinon ouk echousin). The statement of the fact was in itself a hint and a request. But why made by the mother of Jesus and why to Jesus? She would not, of course, make it to the host. Mary feels some kind of responsibility and exercises some kind of authority for reasons not known to us. Mary had treasured in her heart the wonders connected with the birth of Jesus ( Lu 2:19,51 ). The ministry of the Baptist had stirred her hopes afresh. Had she not told Jesus all that she knew before he went to the Jordan to be baptized of John? This group of disciples meant to her that Jesus had begun his Messianic work. So she dares propose the miracle to him.經文:
約翰福音 2:4-2:4
註釋:
2Ki 3:13 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Ki 3' or engs='2Ki 3'經文:
約翰福音 2:5-2:5
註釋:
{Unto the servants} ( ois diakonois). See on 烘t 20:26| for this word (our "deacon," but not that sense here). {Whatsoever he saith unto you, do it} (Hoti an leg(8869) humin poi(8873)ate). Indefinite relative sentence (hoti an and present active subjunctive, general statement) with aorist active imperative of poie(935c) for instant execution. Mary took comfort in the "not yet" (oup(935c)) and recognized the right of Jesus as Messiah to independence of her, but evidently expected him to carry out her suggestion ultimately as he did. This mother knew her Son.經文:
約翰福音 2:6-2:6
註釋:
{Waterpots} (hudriai). Old word from hud(9372) (water) and used in papyri for pots or pans for holding money or bread as well as water. These stone (lithinai as in 2Co 3:3 ) jars full of water were kept handy ({set there}, keimenai, present middle participle of keimai) at a feast for ceremonial cleansing of the hands ( 2Ki 3:11 Mr 7:3 ), "after the Jews' manner of purifying" (kata ton katharismon t(936e) Ioudai(936e)). See Mr 1:44 Lu 2:22 for the word katharismos (from kathariz(935c)) which fact also raised a controversy with disciples of John because of his baptizing ( Joh 3:25 ). {Containing} (ch(9372)ousai). Present active participle feminine plural of ch(9372)e(935c), old verb from ch(9372)os, place, space, having space or room for. {Two or three firkins apiece} (ana metr(8874)as duo (8820)treis). The word metr(8874)(8873), from metre(935c), to measure, simply means "measurer," an amphora for measuring liquids (in Demosthenes, Aristotle, Polybius), the Hebrew _bath_ ( 2Ch 4:5 ), here only in N.T., about 8 1/2 English gallons. Each hudria thus held about 20 gallons. This common distributive use of ana occurs here only in this Gospel, but is in Re 4:8 . In Joh 4:28 a much smaller hudria was used for carrying water.經文:
約翰福音 2:7-2:7
註釋:
{Fill} (gemisate). Effective first aorist active imperative of gemiz(935c), to fill full. {With water} (hudatos). Genitive case of material. {Up to the brim} (he(9373) an(935c)). "Up to the top." See he(9373) kat(935c) ( Mt 27:51 ) for "down to the bottom." No room left in the waterpots now full of water.經文:
約翰福音 2:8-2:8
註釋:
{Draw out now} (Antl(8873)ate nun). First aorist active imperative of antle(935c), from ho antlos, bilge water, or the hold where the bilge water settles (so in Homer). The verb occurs in Joh 4:7,15 , for drawing water from the well, and Westcott so interprets it here, but needlessly so, since the servants seem bidden to draw from the large water-jars now full of water. Apparently the water was still water when it came out of the jars (verse 9 ), but was changed to wine before reaching the guests. The water in the jars remained water. {Unto the ruler of the feast} ( (9369) architriklin(9369)). Dative case. The riklinos was a room (oikos) with three couches (klin(885c)) for the feast. The architriklinos was originally the superintendent of the dining-room who arranged the couches and tasted the food, not the toast-master (sumposiarch(8873)). {And they bare it} (hoi de (886e)egkan). Second aorist active indicative of pher(935c). Apparently not knowing at first that they bore wine.經文:
約翰福音 2:9-2:9
註釋:
{Tasted} (egeusato). First aorist middle indicative of geuomai. As it was his function to do. {The water now become wine} ( o hud(9372) oinon gegen(886d)enon). Accusative case, though the genitive also occurs with geuomai. Perfect passive participle of ginomai and oinon, predicative accusative. The tablemaster knew nothing of the miracle, "whence it was" (pothen estin, indirect question retaining present indicative). The servants knew the source of the water, but not the power that made the wine. {Calleth the bridegroom} (ph(936e)ei ton numphion). As apparently responsible for the supply of the wine ({thou hast kept} et(8872)(886b)as). See Mt 9:15 for umphios. When men have drunk freely (hotan methusth(9373)in). Indefinite temporal clause with hotan and first aorist passive subjunctive of methusk(935c). The verb does not mean that these guests are now drunk, but that this is a common custom to put "the worse" ( on elass(935c), the less, the inferior) wine last. It is real wine that is meant by oinos here. Unlike the Baptist Jesus mingled in the social life of the time, was even abused for it ( Mt 11:19 Lu 7:34 ). But this fact does not mean that today Jesus would approve the modern liquor trade with its damnable influences. The law of love expounded by Paul in 1Co 8-10 and in Ro 14,15 teaches modern Christians to be willing gladly to give up what they see causes so many to stumble into sin.經文:
約翰福音 2:11-2:11
註釋:
{This beginning of his signs did Jesus} ( aut(886e) epoi(8873)en arch(886e) t(936e) s(886d)ei(936e) ho I(8873)ous). Rather, "this Jesus did as a beginning of his signs," for there is no article between aut(886e) and arch(886e). "We have now passed from the 'witness' of the Baptist to the 'witness' of the works of Jesus" (Bernard). This is John's favourite word "signs" rather than wonders ( erata) or powers (dunameis) for the works (erga) of Jesus. S(886d)eion is an old word from s(886d)ain(935c), to give a sign ( 12:33 ). He selects eight in his Gospel by which to prove the deity of Christ ( 20:30 ) of which this is the first. {Manifested his glory} (ephaner(9373)en t(886e) doxan autou). First aorist (effective) active indicative of phanero(935c), that glory of which John spoke in 1:14 . {Believed on him} (episteusan eis auton). First aorist active indicative of pisteu(935c), to believe, to put trust in, so common in John. These six disciples (learners) had already believed in Jesus as the Messiah ( 1:35-51 ). Now their faith was greatly strengthened. So it will be all through this Gospel. Jesus will increasingly reveal himself while the disciples will grow in knowledge and trust and the Jews will become increasingly hostile till the culmination.經文:
約翰福音 2:12-2:12
註釋:
{He went down to Capernaum} (kateb(8820)eis Kapharnaoum autos). Second aorist active indicative of katabain(935c). Cana was on higher ground. This brief stay ({not many days}, ou pollas h(886d)eras) in this important city (Tell Hum) on the north shore of Galilee was with Christ's mother, brothers (apparently friendly at first) and the six disciples, all in the fresh glow of the glory manifested at Cana. Surely Mary's heart was full.經文:
約翰福音 2:13-2:13
註釋:
{The passover of the Jews} ( o pascha t(936e) Ioudai(936e)). The Synoptics do not give "of the Jews," but John is writing after the destruction of the temple and for Gentile readers. John mentions the passovers in Christ's ministry outside of the one when Christ was crucified, this one and one in 6:4 . There may be another ( 5:1 ), but we do not know. But for John we should not know that Christ's ministry was much over a year in length.經文:
約翰福音 2:14-2:14
註釋:
{Those that sold} ( ous p(936c)ountas). Present active articular participle of p(936c)e(935c), to sell. They were in the Court of the Gentiles within the temple precinct (en t(9369) hier(9369)), but not in the aos or temple proper. The sacrifices required animals (oxen, oas, sheep, probata, doves, peristeras) and "changers of money" (kermatistas, from kermatiz(935c), to cut into small pieces, to change money, only here in N.T., late and rare). Probably their very presence in his Father's house angered Jesus. The Synoptics ( Mr 11:15-17 Mt 21:12f. Lu 10:45f. ) record a similar incident the day after the Triumphal Entry. If there was only one, it would seem more natural at the close. But why could it not occur at the beginning also? Here it is an obvious protest by Christ at the beginning of his ministry as in the Synoptics it is an indignant outcry against the desecration. The cessation was only temporary in both instances.經文:
約翰福音 2:15-2:15
註釋:
{A scourge of cords} (phragellion ek schoini(936e)). The Latin _flagellum_. In papyri, here only in N.T. and note Latin _l_ becomes in _Koin(825f). Schoini(936e) is a diminutive of schoinos (a rush), old word for rope, in N.T. only here and Ac 27:32 . {Cast out} (exebalen). Second aorist active indicative of ekball(935c). It is not said that Jesus smote the sheep and oxen (note e kai, both and), for a flourish of the scourge would answer. {He poured out} (execheen). Second aorist active indicative of ekche(935c), to pour out. {The changers' money} ( (936e) kollubist(936e) ta kermata). "The small pieces of money (kermata, cut in pieces, change) of the bankers (kollubist(8873) from kollubos, clipped, late word see on 烘t 21:12|)." Perhaps he took up the boxes and emptied the money. {Overthrew their tables} ( as trapezas anetrepsen). First aorist active indicative of anatrep(935c), to turn up, though some MSS. have anestrepsen from anastreph(935c), also to turn up.經文:
約翰福音 2:16-2:16
註釋:
{Take these things hence} (Arate tauta enteuthen). First aorist active imperative of air(935c). Probably the doves were in baskets or cages and so had to be taken out by the traders. {Make not my Father's house a house of merchandise} (m(8820)poieite ton oikon tou patros mou oikon emporiou). "Stop making," it means, m(885c) and the present active imperative. They had made it a market-house (emporiou, here only in N.T., old word from emporos, merchant, one who goes on a journey for traffic, a drummer). Note the clear-cut Messianic claim here (My Father as in Lu 2:49 ). Jerome says: "A certain fiery and starry light shone from his eyes and the majesty of Godhead gleamed in His face."經文:
約翰福音 2:17-2:17
註釋:
{Remembered} (emn(8873)th(8873)an). First aorist passive indicative of mimn(8873)k(935c), to remind, "were reminded." Westcott notes the double effect of this act as is true of Christ's words and deeds all through John's Gospel. The disciples are helped, the traders are angered. {That it is written} (hoti gegrammenon estin). Periphrastic perfect passive indicative of graph(935c) retained in indirect discourse (assertion). {The zeal of thine house} (ho z(886c)os tou oikou sou). Objective genitive. "The zeal for thy house." {Shall eat me up} (kataphagetai me). Future middle indicative of katesthi(935c), defective verb, to eat down ("up" we say), perfective use of kata-. This future phagomai is from the second aorist ephagon. It is a quotation from Ps 69:9 , frequently quoted in the N.T.經文:
約翰福音 2:18-2:18
註釋:
{What sign shewest thou unto us?} (Ti s(886d)eion deiknueis h(886d)in;). They may have heard of the "sign" at Cana or not, but they have rallied a bit on the outside of the temple area and demand proof for his Messianic assumption of authority over the temple worship. These traders had paid the Sadducees and Pharisees in the Sanhedrin for the concession as traffickers which they enjoyed. They were within their technical rights in this question.經文:
約翰福音 2:19-2:19
註釋:
{Destroy this temple} (lusate ton naon touton). First aorist active imperative of lu(935c), to loosen or destroy. It is the permissive imperative, not a command to do it. Note also aos, not hieron, the sanctuary, symbol of God's aos, in our hearts ( 1Co 3:16f. ). There is much confusion about this language since Jesus added: "And in three days I will raise it up" (kai en trisin h(886d)erais eger(9320)auton). Those who heard Jesus, including the disciples till after the resurrection (verse 22 ), understood the reference to be to Herod's temple. Certainly that is the obvious way to take it. But Jesus often spoke in parables and even in enigmas. He may have spoken of the literal temple as a parable for his own body which of course they would not understand, least of all the resurrection in three days.經文:
約翰福音 2:20-2:20
註釋:
{Forty and six years was this temple in building} (Tesserakonta kai hex etesin oikodom(8874)h(8820)ho naos houtos). "Within forty and six years (associative instrumental case) was built (first aorist passive indicative, constative or summary use of the aorist, of oikodome(935c), without augment) this temple." As a matter of fact, it was not yet finished, so distrustful had the Jews been of Herod. {And wilt thou?} (kai su;). An evident sneer in the use of su (thou, an unknown upstart from Galilee, of the peasant class, not one of the Sanhedrin, not one of the ecclesiastics or even architects).經文:
約翰福音 2:21-2:21
註釋:
{But he spake of the temple of his body} (ekeinos de elegen peri tou naou tou s(936d)atos autou). Emphatic he (ekeinos) and imperfect tense (he had been speaking). This is John's view as he looks back at it, not what he understood when Jesus spoke the words.經文:
約翰福音 2:22-2:22
註釋:
{When therefore he was raised from the dead} (Hote oun (8867)erth(8820)ek nekr(936e)). First aorist passive indicative of egeir(935c), to raise up. And not at first then, but only slowly after the disciples themselves were convinced. Then "they believed the Scripture" (episteusan t(8869) graph(8869)). They "believed" again. Dative case graph(8869). Probably Ps 16:10 is meant ( Ac 2:31 13:35 ). {And the word which Jesus had said} (kai t(9369) log(9369) hon eipen). Dative case log(9369) also, but hon (relative) is not attracted to the dative. Clearly then John interprets Jesus to have a parabolic reference to his death and resurrection by his language in 2:19 . There are those who bluntly say that John was mistaken. I prefer to say that these scholars are mistaken. Even Bernard considers it "hardly possible" that John interprets Jesus rightly in 1:21 . "Had he meant that, He would have spoken with less ambiguity." But how do we know that Jesus wished to be understood clearly at this time? Certainly no one understood Christ when he spoke the words. The language of Jesus is recalled and perverted at his trial as "I will destroy" ( Mr 14:58 ), "I can destroy" ( Mt 26:61 ), neither of which he said.經文:
約翰福音 2:23-2:23
註釋:
{In Jerusalem} (en tois Ierosolumois). The form Ierosoluma as in 2:13 always in this Gospel and in Mark, and usually in Matthew, though Ierousal(886d) only in Revelation, and both forms by Luke and Paul. {During the feast} (en t(8869) heort(8869)). The feast of unleavened bread followed for seven days right after the passover (one day strictly), though o pascha is used either for the passover meal or for the whole eight days. {Believed on his name} (episteusan eis to onoma autou). See on 氣:12| for this phrase. Only one has to watch for the real import of pisteu(935c). {Beholding his signs} ( he(9372)ountes autou ta s(886d)eia). Present active participle (causal use) of he(9372)e(935c). {Which he did} (ha epoiei). "Which he was doing" (imperfect tense). He did his first sign in Cana, but now he was doing many in Jerusalem. Already Jesus had become the cynosure of all eyes in Jerusalem at this first visit in his ministry.經文:
約翰福音 2:24-2:24
註釋:
{But Jesus did not trust himself to them} (autos de I(8873)ous ouk episteuen hauton autois). "But Jesus himself kept on refusing (negative imperfect) to trust himself to them." The double use of pisteu(935c) here is shown by Ac 8:13 where Simon Magus "believed" (episteusen) and was baptized, but was unsaved. He merely believed that he wanted what Philip had. {For that he knew all men} (dia to auton gin(9373)kein pantas). Causal use of dia and the accusative case of the articular infinitive o gin(9373)kein (because of the knowing) with the object of the infinitive (pantas, all men) and the accusative of general reference (auton, as to himself).經文:
約翰福音 2:25-2:25
註釋:
{And because he needed not} (kai hoti chreian eichen). Imperfect active, "and because he did not have need." {That any one should bear witness concerning man} (hina tis martur(8873)(8869) peri tou anthr(9370)ou). Non-final use of hina with first aorist active subjunctive of marture(935c) and the generic article (peri tou anthr(9370)ou) concerning mankind as in the next clause also. {For he himself knew} (autos gar egin(9373)ken). Imperfect active, "for he himself kept on knowing" as he did from the start. {What was in man} ( i (886e) en t(9369) anthr(9370)(9369)). Indirect question with estin of the direct changed to the imperfect (886e), a rare idiom in the _Koin(825f). This supernatural knowledge of man is a mark of deity. Some men of genius can read men better than others, but not in the sense meant here.經文:
約翰福音 3:1-3:1
註釋:
{Now} (de). So often in John de is explanatory and transitional, not adversative. Nicodemus is an instance of Christ's knowledge of men ( 2:25 ) and of one to whom he did trust himself unlike those in 2:24 . As a Pharisee "he belonged to that party which with all its bigotry contained a salt of true patriotism and could rear such cultured and high-toned men as Gamaliel and Paul" (Marcus Dods). {Named Nicodemus} (Nikod(886d)os onoma). Same construction as in 1:6 , "Nicodemus name to him." So Re 6:8 . It is a Greek name and occurs in Josephus (_Ant_. XIV. iii. 2) as the name of an ambassador from Aristobulus to Pompey. Only in John in N.T. (here, 7:50 19:39 ). He was a Pharisee, a member of the Sanhedrin, and wealthy. There is no evidence that he was the young ruler of Lu 18:18 because of arch(936e) (ruler) here.經文:
約翰福音 3:2-3:2
註釋:
{The same} (houtos). "This one." {By night} ( uktos). Genitive of time. That he came at all is remarkable, not because there was any danger as was true at a later period, but because of his own prominence. He wished to avoid comment by other members of the Sanhedrin and others. Jesus had already provoked the opposition of the ecclesiastics by his assumption of Messianic authority over the temple. There is no ground for assigning this incident to a later period, for it suits perfectly here. Jesus was already in the public eye ( 2:23 ) and the interest of Nicodemus was real and yet he wished to be cautious. {Rabbi} (Rabbei). See on 氣:38|. Technically Jesus was not an acknowledged Rabbi of the schools, but Nicodemus does recognize him as such and calls him "My Master" just as Andrew and John did ( 1:38 ). It was a long step for Nicodemus as a Pharisee to take, for the Pharisees had closely scrutinized the credentials of the Baptist in 1:19-24 (Milligan and Moulton's _Comm_.). {We know} (oidamen). Second perfect indicative first person plural. He seems to speak for others of his class as the blind man does in 9:31 . Westcott thinks that Nicodemus has been influenced partly by the report of the commission sent to the Baptist ( 1:19-27 ). {Thou art a teacher come from God} (apo theou el(886c)uthas didaskalos). "Thou hast come from God as a teacher." Second perfect active indicative of erchomai and predicative nominative didaskalos. This is the explanation of Nicodemus for coming to Jesus, obscure Galilean peasant as he seemed, evidence that satisfied one of the leaders in Pharisaism. {Can do} (dunatai poiein). "Can go on doing" (present active infinitive of poie(935c) and so linear). {These signs that thou doest} ( auta ta s(886d)eia ha su poieis). Those mentioned in 2:23 that convinced so many in the crowd and that now appeal to the scholar. Note su (thou) as quite out of the ordinary. The scorn of Jesus by the rulers held many back to the end ( Joh 12:42 ), but Nicodemus dares to feel his way. {Except God be with him} (ean m(8820)(8869) ho theos met' autou). Condition of the third class, presented as a probability, not as a definite fact. He wanted to know more of the teaching accredited thus by God. Jesus went about doing good because God was with him, Peter says ( Ac 10:38 ).經文:
約翰福音 3:3-3:3
註釋:
{Except a man be born anew} (ean m(8820)tis genn(8874)h(8869) an(9374)hen). Another condition of the third class, undetermined but with prospect of determination. First aorist passive subjunctive of genna(935c). An(9374)hen. Originally "from above" ( Mr 15:38 ), then "from heaven" ( Joh 3:31 ), then "from the first" ( Lu 1:3 ), and then "again" (palin an(9374)hen, Ga 4:9 ). Which is the meaning here? The puzzle of Nicodemus shows (deuteron, verse 4 ) that he took it as "again," a second birth from the womb. The Vulgate translates it by _renatus fuerit denuo_. But the misapprehension of Nicodemus does not prove the meaning of Jesus. In the other passages in John ( 3:31 19:11,23 ) the meaning is "from above" (desuper) and usually so in the Synoptics. It is a second birth, to be sure, regeneration, but a birth from above by the Spirit. {He cannot see the kingdom of God} (ou dunatai idein t(886e) basileian tou theou). To participate in it as in Lu 9:27 . For this use of idein (second aorist active infinitive of hora(935c)) see Joh 8:51 Re 18:7 .經文:
約翰福音 3:4-3:4
註釋:
Being old (ger(936e) (936e)). Nicodemus was probably familiar with the notion of re-birth for proselytes to Judaism for the Gentiles, but not with the idea that a Jew had to be reborn. But "this stupid misunderstanding" (Bernard) of the meaning of Jesus is precisely what John represents Nicodemus as making. How "old" Nicodemus was we do not know, but surely too old to be the young ruler of Lu 18:18 as Bacon holds. The blunder of Nicodemus is emphasized by the second question with the m(885c) expecting the negative answer. The use of deuteron adds to the grotesqueness of his blunder. The learned Pharisee is as jejune in spiritual insight as the veriest tyro. This is not an unheard of phenomenon.經文:
約翰福音 3:5-3:5
註釋:
{Of water and the Spirit} (ex hudatos kai pneumatos). Nicodemus had failed utterly to grasp the idea of the spiritual birth as essential to entrance into the Kingdom of God. He knew only Jews as members of that kingdom, the political kingdom of Pharisaic hope which was to make all the world Jewish (Pharisaic) under the King Messiah. Why does Jesus add ex hudatos here? In verse 3 we have "an(9374)hen" (from above) which is repeated in verse 7 , while in verse 8 we have only ek tou pneumatos (of the Spirit) in the best manuscripts. Many theories exist. One view makes baptism, referred to by ex hudatos (coming up out of water), essential to the birth of the Spirit, as the means of obtaining the new birth of the Spirit. If so, why is water mentioned only once in the three demands of Jesus ( 3,5,7 )? Calvin makes water and Spirit refer to the one act (the cleansing work of the Spirit). Some insist on the language in verse 6 as meaning the birth of the flesh coming in a sac of water in contrast to the birth of the Spirit. One wonders after all what was the precise purpose of Jesus with Nicodemus, the Pharisaic ceremonialist, who had failed to grasp the idea of spiritual birth which is a commonplace to us. By using water (the symbol before the thing signified) first and adding Spirit, he may have hoped to turn the mind of Nicodemus away from mere physical birth and, by pointing to the baptism of John on confession of sin which the Pharisees had rejected, to turn his attention to the birth from above by the Spirit. That is to say the mention of "water" here may have been for the purpose of helping Nicodemus without laying down a fundamental principle of salvation as being by means of baptism. Bernard holds that the words hudatos kai (water and) do not belong to the words of Jesus, but "are a gloss, added to bring the saying of Jesus into harmony with the belief and practice of a later generation." Here Jesus uses eiselthein (enter) instead of idein (see) of verse 3 , but with the same essential idea (participation in the kingdom).經文:
約翰福音 3:6-3:6
註釋:
{That which is born} ( o gegenn(886d)enon). Perfect passive articular participle. The sharp contrast between flesh (sarx) and Spirit (pneuma), drawn already in 1:13 , serves to remind Nicodemus of the crudity of his question in 3:4 about a second physical birth.經文:
約翰福音 3:7-3:7
註釋:
{Marvel not} (m(8820)thaumas(8869)s). "Do not begin to wonder" (ingressive first aorist active subjunctive with m(885c)), as clearly Nicodemus had done. In John the word haumaz(935c) usually means "unintelligent wonder" (Bernard). {Ye must be born anew} (dei humas genn(8874)h(886e)ai an(9374)hen). Jesus repeats the point in verse 3 (dei and the infinitive instead of ean m(885c) and the subjunctive) with an(9374)hen (from above) only and not ex hudatos.經文:
約翰福音 3:8-3:8
註釋:
{The wind} ( o pneuma). In Greek pneuma means either wind or spirit as _spiritus_ does in Latin (so also in Hebrew and Syriac). Wycliff follows the Latin and keeps spirit here and Marcus Dods argues for it. The word pneuma occurs 370 times in the N.T. and never means wind elsewhere except in a quotation from the O.T. ( Heb 1:7 from Ps 104:4 ), though common in the LXX. On the other hand pne(935c) (bloweth, pnei) occurs five times elsewhere in the N.T. and always of the wind (like Joh 6:18 ). So ph(936e)(885c) can be either sound (as of wind) or voice (as of the Spirit). In simple truth either sense of pneuma can be taken here as one wills. Tholuck thinks that the night-wind swept through the narrow street as Jesus spoke. In either case the etymology of pneuma is "wind" from pne(935c), to blow. The Spirit is the use of pneuma as metaphor. Certainly the conclusion "of the Spirit" is a direct reference to the Holy Spirit who works his own way beyond our comprehension even as men even yet do not know the law of the wind.經文:
約翰福音 3:9-3:9
註釋:
{How?} (P(9373);) Nicodemus is not helped either by the use of hud(9372) or pneuma to understand dei genn(8874)h(886e)ai an(9374)hen (the necessity of the birth from above or regeneration). He falls back into his "stupid misunderstanding." There are none so dull as those who will not see. Preoccupation prevents insight. Literally one must often empty his mind to receive new truth.經文:
約翰福音 3:10-3:10
註釋:
{The teacher of Israel} (ho didaskalos tou Isra(886c)). The well-known or the authorized (the accepted) teacher of the Israel of God. Note both articles. {And understandest not these things?} (kai tauta ou gin(9373)keis;). After being told by Jesus and after so propitious a start. His Pharisaic theology had made him almost proof against spiritual apprehension. It was outside of his groove (rote, rut, rot, the three terrible r's of mere traditionalism).經文:
約翰福音 3:11-3:11
註釋:
{We speak that we do know} (ho oidamen laloumen). Jesus simply claims knowledge of what he has tried to make plain to the famous Rabbi without success. John uses lale(935c) some 60 times, half of them by Jesus, very little distinction existing between the use of lale(935c) and leg(935c) in John. Originally lale(935c) referred to the chatter of birds. Note John's frequent use of am(886e) am(886e) and leg(935c) (double emphasis). {And bear witness of that we have seen} (kai ho he(9372)akamen marturoumen). The same use of neuter singular relative ho as before. Perfect active indicative of hora(935c). He is not a dreamer, guesser, or speculator. He is bearing witness from personal knowledge, strange as this may seem to Nicodemus. {And ye receive not our witness} (kai t(886e) marturian h(886d)(936e) ou lambanete). This is the tragedy of the matter as John has shown ( 1:11,26 ) and as will continue to be true even today. Jesus probably associates here with himself ("we") those who have personal experience of grace and so are qualified as witnesses. Note the plural in 1Jo 1:1f . Bernard thinks that John has here read into the words of Jesus the convictions of a later age, a serious charge to make.經文:
約翰福音 3:12-3:12
註釋:
{If I told} (ei eipon). Condition of the first class, assumed to be true. {Earthly things} ( a epigeia). Things upon the earth like a epi t(8873) g(8873) ( Col 3:2 ), not things of an earthly nature or worldly or sinful. The work of the kingdom of God including the new birth which Nicodemus did not understand belongs to a epigeia. {If I tell you heavenly things} (ean eip(9320)humin ta epourania). Condition of the third class, undetermined. What will Nicodemus do in that case? By a epourania Jesus means the things that take place in heaven like the deep secrets of the purpose of God in the matter of redemption such as the necessity of the lifting up of Christ as shown in verse 14 . Both Godet and Westcott note that the two types of teaching here pointed out by Jesus (the earthly, the heavenly) correspond in general to the difference between the Synoptics (the earthly) and the Fourth Gospel (the heavenly), a difference noted here in the Fourth Gospel as shown by Jesus himself. Hence the one should not be pitted against the other. There are specimens of the heavenly in the Synoptics as in Mt 11:25ff. Lu 10:18ff .經文:
約翰福音 3:13-3:13
註釋:
{But he that descended out of heaven} (ei m(8820)ho ek tou ouranou katabas). The Incarnation of the Pre-existent Son of God who was in heaven before he came down and so knows what he is telling about "the heavenly things." There is no allusion to the Ascension which came later. This high conception of Christ runs all through the Gospel and is often in Christ's own words as here. {Which is in heaven} (ho (936e) en t(9369) ouran(9369)). This phrase is added by some manuscripts, not by Aleph B L W 33, and, if genuine, would merely emphasize the timeless existence of God's Son who is in heaven even while on earth. Probably a gloss. But "the Son of man" is genuine. He is the one who has come down out of heaven.經文:
約翰福音 3:14-3:14
註釋:
{Moses lifted up the serpent} (M(9375)s(8873) hups(9373)en ton ophin). Reference to Nu 21:7ff. where Moses set the brazen serpent upon the standard that those who believed might look and live. Jesus draws a vivid parallel between the act of Moses and the Cross on which he himself (the Son of man) "must" (dei, one of the heavenly things) "be lifted up" (hups(9374)h(886e)ai, first aorist passive infinitive of hupso(935c), a word not used about the brazen serpent). In John hupso(935c) always refers to the Cross ( 8:28 12:32,34 ), though to the Ascension in Acts ( Ac 2:33 5:31 ). Jesus is complimenting the standing and intelligence of Nicodemus as "the teacher of Israel" by telling him this great truth and fact that lies at the basis of the work of the kingdom of God (the atoning death of Christ on the Cross).經文:
約翰福音 3:15-3:15
註釋:
{That whosoever believeth may in him have eternal life} (hina pas ho pisteu(936e) en aut(9369) ech(8869) z(9388)n ai(936e)ion). Final use of hina with present active subjunctive of ech(935c), that he may keep on having eternal life (a frequent phrase in John, always in John ai(936e)ios occurs with z(9388), 16 times in the Gospel, 6 in 1John, ageless or endless life, beginning now and lasting forever). It is more than endless, for it is sharing in the life of God in Christ ( 5:26 17:3 1Jo 5:12 ). So here en aut(9369) (in him) is taken with ech(8869) rather than with pisteu(936e). The interview with Nicodemus apparently closes with verse 15 . In verses 16-21 we have past tenses constantly as is natural for the reflection of John, but unnatural for Jesus speaking. There are phrases like the Prologue (verse 19 1:9-11 ). "Only begotten" does not occur elsewhere in the words of Jesus, but is in 1:14,18 1Jo 4:9 . John often puts in explanatory comments ( 1:16-18 12:37-41 ).經文:
約翰福音 3:16-3:16
註釋:
2Co 5:19 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Co 5' or engs='2Co 5'經文:
約翰福音 3:17-3:17
註釋:
1Jo 4:14 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Jo 4' or engs='1Jo 4'經文:
約翰福音 3:18-3:18
註釋:
{Is not judged} (ou krinetai). Present passive indicative. Trust in Christ prevents condemnation, for he takes our place and pays the penalty for sin for all who put their case in his hands ( Ro 8:32f. ). The believer in Christ as Saviour does not come into judgment ( Joh 5:24 ). {Hath been judged already} ((8864)(880a)kekritai). Perfect passive indicative of krin(935c). Judgment has already been passed on the one who refuses to believe in Christ as the Saviour sent by the Father, the man who is not willing to come to Christ for life ( 5:40 ). {Because he hath not believed} (hoti m(8820)pepisteuken). Perfect active indicative of pisteu(935c), has taken a permanent attitude of refusal. Here hoti m(885c) states the reason subjectively as the judgment of the Judge in any such case (ho m(8820)pisteu(936e) already mentioned) while in 1Jo 5:10 hoti ou pepisteuken gives the reason objectively (ou instead of m(885c)) conceived as an actual case and no longer hypothetical. See 1:12 for eis to onoma with pisteu(935c) (believing on the name) and 1:14 for monogenous (only begotten) and also 3:16 .經文:
約翰福音 3:19-3:19
註釋:
{And this is the judgment} (haut(8820)de estin h(8820)krisis). A thoroughly Johannine phrase for sequence of thought ( 15:12 17:3 1Jo 1:5 5:11,14 3Jo 1:6 ). It is more precisely the process of judging (kri-sis) rather than the result (kri-ma) of the judgment. "It is no arbitrary sentence, but the working out of a moral law" (Bernard). {The light is come} ( o ph(9373) el(886c)uthen). Second perfect active indicative of erchomai, a permanent result as already explained in the Prologue concerning the Incarnation ( 1:4,5,9,11 ). Jesus is the Light of the world. {Loved darkness} ((8867)ap(8873)an to skotos). Job ( Job 24:13 ) spoke of men rebelling against the light. Here o skotos, common word for moral and spiritual darkness ( 1Th 5:5 ), though h(8820)skotia in Joh 1:5 . "Darkness" is common in John as a metaphor for the state of sinners ( 8:12 12:35, 46 1Jo 1:6 2:8,9,11 ). Jesus himself is the only moral and spiritual light of the world ( 8:12 ) as he dared claim to his enemies. The pathos of it all is that men fall in love with the darkness of sin and rebel against the light like denizens of the underworld, "for their works were evil (pon(8872)a)." When the light appears, they scatter to their holes and dens. Pon(8872)os (from ponos, toil, pone(935c), to toil) is used of the deeds of the world by Jesus ( 7:7 ). In the end the god of this world blinds men's eyes so that they do not see the light ( 2Co 4:4 ). The fish in the Mammoth Cave have no longer eyes, but only sockets where eyes used to be. The evil one has a powerful grip on the world ( 1Jo 5:19 ).經文:
約翰福音 3:20-3:20
註釋:
{That doeth ill} (ho phaula prass(936e)). The word phaulos means first worthless and then wicked (usually so in N.T.) and both senses occur in the papyri. In 5:29 see contrast between agatha poie(935c) (doing good things) and phaula prass(935c) (practising evil things). {Hateth the light} (misei to ph(9373)). Hence talks against it, ridicules Christ, Christianity, churches, preachers, etc. Does it in talk, magazines, books, in a supercilious tone of sheer ignorance. {Cometh not to the light} (ouk erchetai pros to ph(9373)). The light hurts his eyes, reveals his own wickedness, makes him thoroughly uncomfortable. Hence he does not read the Bible, he does not come to church, he does not pray. He goes on in deeper darkness. {Lest his works should be reproved} (hina m(8820)elegchth(8869) ta erga autou). Negative final clause (hina m(885c)) with first aorist passive subjunctive of elegch(935c), old word to correct a fault, to reprove, to convict. See also 8:46 16:8 . To escape this unpleasant process the evil man cuts out Christ.經文:
約翰福音 3:21-3:21
註釋:
1Jo 1:6 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Jo 1' or engs='1Jo 1'經文:
約翰福音 3:22-3:22
註釋:
{After these things} (meta tauta). Transition after the interview with Nicodemus. For the phrase see 5:1 6:1 7:1 . {Into the land of Judea} (eis t(886e) Ioudaian g(886e)). Into the country districts outside of Jerusalem. The only example of this phrase in the N.T., but "the region of Judea" (h(8820)Ioudaia ch(9372)a) in Mr 1:5 . {He tarried} (dietriben). Descriptive imperfect active of diatrib(935c), old verb to rub between or hard, to spend time ( Ac 14:3 ). {Baptized} (ebaptizen). Imperfect active of aptiz(935c). "He was baptizing." The six disciples were with him and in 4:2 John explains that Jesus did the baptizing through the disciples.經文:
約翰福音 3:23-3:23
註釋:
{John was also baptizing} ((886e) de kai ho I(9361)n(8873) baptiz(936e)). Periphrastic imperfect picturing the continued activity of the Baptist simultaneous with the growing work of Jesus. There was no real rivalry except in people's minds. {In Aenon near to Salim} (en Ain(936e) eggus tou Saleim). It is not clearly known where this place was. Eusebius locates it in the Jordan valley south of Beisan west of the river where are many springs (fountains, eyes). There is a place called Salim east of Shechem in Samaria with a village called 'Aimen, but with no water there. There may have been water there then, of course. {Because there was much water there} (hoti hudata polla (886e) ekei). "Because many waters were there." Not for drinking, but for baptizing. "Therefore even in summer baptism by immersion could be continued" (Marcus Dods). {And they came, and were baptized} (kai pareginonto kai ebaptizonto). Imperfects both, one middle and the other passive, graphically picturing the long procession of pilgrims who came to John confessing their sins and receiving baptism at his hands.經文:
約翰福音 3:24-3:24
註釋:
{For John had not yet been cast into prison} (oup(9320)gar (886e) bebl(886d)enos eis t(886e) phulak(886e) I(9361)n(8873)). Periphrastic past perfect indicative of all(935c) explaining (gar) why John was still baptizing, the reason for the imprisonment having been given by Luke ( Lu 3:19f. ).經文:
約翰福音 3:25-3:25
註釋:
1Ti 6:4 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Ti 6' or engs='1Ti 6'經文:
約翰福音 3:26-3:26
註釋:
{Rabbi} (Rabbei). Greeting John just like Jesus ( 1:38 3:2 ). {Beyond Jordan} (peran tou Iordanou). Evident reference to John's witness to Jesus told in 1:29-34 . {To whom thou hast borne witness} (h(9369) su memartur(886b)as). Note avoidance of calling the name of Jesus. Perfect active indicative of marture(935c) so common in John ( 1:7 , etc.). These disciples of John are clearly jealous of Jesus as a rival of John and they distinctly blame John for his endorsement of one who is already eclipsing him in popularity. {The same baptizeth} (houtos baptizei). "This one is baptizing." Not personally ( 4:2 ), as John did, but through his six disciples. {And all men come to him} (kai pantes erchontai pros auton). Linear present middle indicative, "are coming." The sight of the growing crowds with Jesus and the dwindling crowds with John stirred John's followers to keenest jealousy. What a life-like picture of ministerial jealousy in all ages.經文:
約翰福音 3:27-3:27
註釋:
{Except it have been given him from heaven} (ean m(8820)(8869) dedomenon aut(9369) ek tou ouranou). See the same idiom in Joh 6:65 (cf. 19:11 ). Condition of third class, undetermined with prospect of determination, ean m(885c) with the periphrastic perfect passive subjunctive of did(936d)i. The perfect tense is rare in the subjunctive and an exact rendering into English is awkward, "unless it be granted him from heaven." See 1Co 4:7 where Paul says the same thing.經文:
約翰福音 3:28-3:28
註釋:
{I said} (eipon). As in 1:20,23 . He had always put Jesus ahead of him as the Messiah ( 1:15 ). {Before him} (emprosthen ekeinou). "Before that one" (Jesus) as his forerunner simply. {I am sent} (apestalmenos eimi). Periphrastic perfect passive indicative of apostell(935c).經文:
約翰福音 3:29-3:29
註釋:
{The bridegroom} ( umphios). Predicate nominative without article. Both umph(885c) (bride) and umphios are old and common words. Jesus will use this metaphor of himself as the Bridegroom ( Mr 2:19 ) and Paul develops it ( 2Co 11:2 Eph 5:23-32 ) and so in Revelation ( 19:7 21:2 ). John is only like the _paranymph_ (paranumphios) or "the friend of the bridegroom." His office is to bring groom and bride together. So he stands expectant (hest(886b)(9373), second perfect active participle of hist(886d)i) and listens (akou(936e), present active participle of akou(935c)) with joy ({rejoiceth greatly}, char(8369) chairei, "with joy rejoices") to the music of the bridegroom's voice. {This my joy therefore is fulfilled} (haut(8820)oun h(8820)chara pepl(8872)(9374)ai). Perfect passive indicative of pl(8872)o(935c), stands filled like a cup to the brim with joy.經文:
約翰福音 3:30-3:30
註釋:
{Must} (dei). It has to be (see 3:14 ). He is to go on growing (present active infinitive auxanein) while I go on decreasing (present passive infinitive elattousthai, from comparative elatt(936e), less). These are the last words that we have from John till the despondent message from the dungeon in Machaerus whether Jesus is after all the Messiah ( Mt 11:2 Lu 7:19 ). He went on to imprisonment, suspense, martyrdom, while Jesus grew in popular favour till he had his _via dolorosa_. "These last words of St. John are the fulness of religious sacrifice and fitly close his work" (Westcott).經文:
約翰福音 3:31-3:31
註釋:
{Is above all} (epan(9320)pant(936e)). Ablative case with the compound preposition epan(935c). See the same idea in Ro 9:5 . Here we have the comments of Evangelist (John) concerning the last words of John in verse 30 which place Jesus above himself. He is above all men, not alone above the Baptist. Bernard follows those who treat verses 31-36 as dislocated and put them after verse 21 (the interview with Nicodemus), but they suit better here. {Of the earth} (ek t(8873) g(8873)). John is fond of this use of ek for origin and source of character as in 1:46 1Jo 4:5 . Jesus is the one that comes out of heaven (ho ek tou ouranou erchomenos) as he has shown in 1:1-18 . Hence he is "above all."經文:
約翰福音 3:32-3:32
註釋:
{What he hath seen and heard} (ho he(9372)aken kai (886b)ousen). Perfect active indicative followed by aorist active indicative, because, as Westcott shows, the first belongs to the very existence of the Son and the latter to his mission. There is no confusion of tenses here. {No man} (oudeis). There were crowds coming to Jesus, but they do not really accept him as Saviour and Lord ( 1:11 2:24 ). It is superficial as time will show. But "no one" is not to be pressed too far, for it is the rhetorical use.經文:
約翰福音 3:33-3:33
註釋:
{Hath set his seal} (esphragisen). First aorist active indicative of sphragiz(935c) for which verb see Mt 27:66 . The metaphor of sealing is a common one for giving attestation as in 6:27 . The one who accepts the witness of Jesus attests that Jesus speaks the message of God.經文:
約翰福音 3:34-3:34
註釋:
{The words of God} ( a r(886d)ata tou theou). God sent his Son ( 3:17 ) and he speaks God's words. {By measure} (ek metrou). That is God has put no limit to the Spirit's relation to the Son. God has given the Holy Spirit in his fulness to Christ and to no one else in that sense.經文:
約翰福音 3:35-3:35
註釋:
{Hath given all things into his hand} (panta ded(936b)en en t(8869) cheiri autou). John makes the same statement about Jesus in 13:3 (using eis tas cheiras instead of en t(8869) cheiri). Jesus makes the same claim in 5:19-30 Mt 11:27 28:18 .經文:
約翰福音 3:36-3:36
註釋:
{Hath eternal life} (echei z(9388)n ai(936e)ion). Has it here and now and for eternity. {That obeyeth not} (ho apeith(936e)). "He that is disobedient to the Son." Jesus is the test of human life as Simeon said he would be ( Lu 2:34f. ). This verb does not occur again in John's Gospel.經文:
約翰福音 4:1-4:1
註釋:
{When therefore} (H(9373) oun). Reference to 3:22f . the work of the Baptist and the jealousy of his disciples. Oun is very common in John's Gospel in such transitions. {The Lord} (ho Kurios). So the best manuscripts (Neutral Alexandrian), though the Western class has ho I(8873)ous. Mark usually has ho I(8873)ous and Luke often ho Kurios. In the narrative portion of John we have usually ho I(8873)ous, but ho Kurios in five passages ( 4:1 6:23 11:2 20:20 21:12 ). There is no reason why John should not apply ho Kurios to Jesus in the narrative sections as well as Luke. Bernard argues that these are "explanatory glosses," not in the first draft of the Gospel. But why? When John wrote his Gospel he certainly held Jesus to be Kurios (Lord) as Luke did earlier when he wrote both Gospel and Acts This is hypercriticism. {Knew} (egn(935c)). Second aorist active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c). The Pharisees knew this obvious fact. It was easy for Jesus to know the attitude of the Pharisees about it ( 2:24 ). Already the Pharisees are suspicious of Jesus. {How that} (hoti). Declarative hoti (indirect assertion). {Was making and baptizing more disciples than John} (pleionas math(8874)as poiei kai baptizei (8820)I(9361)n(8873)). Present active indicative in both verbs retained in indirect discourse. Recall the tremendous success of John's early ministry ( Mr 1:5 Mt 3:5 Lu 3:7,15 ) in order to see the significance of this statement that Jesus had forged ahead of him in popular favour. Already the Pharisees had turned violently against John who had called them broods of vipers. It is most likely that they drew John out about the marriage of Herod Antipas and got him involved directly with the tetrarch so as to have him cast into prison ( Lu 3:19f. ). Josephus (_Ant_. XVIII. v. 2) gives a public reason for this act of Herod Antipas, the fear that John would "raise a rebellion," probably the public reason for his private vengeance as given by Luke. Apparently John was cast into prison, though recently still free ( Joh 3:24 ), before Jesus left for Galilee. The Pharisees, with John out of the way, turn to Jesus with envy and hate.經文:
約翰福音 4:2-4:2
註釋:
{Although Jesus himself baptized not, but his disciples} (kaitoige I(8873)ous autos ouk ebaptizen all' hoi math(8874)ai autou). Parenthetical explanation that applies also to 3:22 . Imperfect tense means that it was not the habit of Jesus. This is the only N.T. instance of kaitoige (and yet indeed), compound conjunction (kaitoi in Ac 14:17 Heb 4:3 ) with intensive particle ge added. This is the last mention of baptism under the direction of Jesus till the Great Commission ( Mt 28:19 ). It is possible that Jesus stopped the baptizing because of the excitement and the issue raised about his Messianic claims till after his resurrection when he enjoined it upon his disciples as a rite of public enlistment in his service.經文:
約翰福音 4:3-4:3
註釋:
{Left Judea} (aph(886b)en t(886e) Ioudaian). Unusual use of aphi(886d)i. First (Kappa) aorist active indicative. Originally the word means to send away, to dismiss, to forsake, to forgive, to allow. Jesus uses it in this sense in 16:28 . Evidently because Jesus did not wish to bring the coming conflict with the Pharisees to an issue yet. So he mainly avoids Jerusalem and Judea now till the end. Each time hereafter that Jesus appears in Jerusalem and Judea before the last visit there is an open breach with the Pharisees who attack him ( Joh 5:1-47 7:14-10:21 10:22-42 11:17-53 ). {Again into Galilee} (palin eis t(886e) Galilaian). Reference to 2:1-12 . The Synoptics tell nothing of this early work in Perea ( Joh 1:19-51 ), Galilee, or Judea ( 2:13-4:2 ). John supplements their records purposely.經文:
約翰福音 4:4-4:4
註釋:
{He must needs pass through Samaria} (Edei de auton dierchesthai dia t(8873) Samarias). Imperfect indicative of the impersonal verb dei with subject infinitive (dierchesthai) and accusative of general reference (auton). Note repetition of dia. It was only necessary to pass through Samaria in going directly north from Judea to Galilee. In coming south from Galilee travellers usually crossed over the Jordan and came down through Perea to avoid the hostility of the Samaritans towards people who passed through their land to go to Jerusalem. Jesus once met this bitterness on going to the feast of tabernacles ( Lu 9:51-56 ).經文:
約翰福音 4:5-4:5
註釋:
{So he cometh} (erchetai oun). Vivid present middle indicative and transitional oun. {Sychar} (Suchar). There is a dispute whether this is just a variation of Shechem as meaning "drunken-town" ( Isa 28:1 ) or "lying-town" ( Hab 2:18 ) or is a separate village near Shechem (Neapolis, Nablous) as the Talmud and Eusebius indicate. Apparently the present village Askar corresponds well with the site. The use of polin (city) does not mean that it was a large town. Mark and John use it freely for small places. {Parcel of ground} (ch(9372)iou). Old use of this diminutive of ch(9372)os or ch(9372)a, a piece of ground. {That Jacob gave to his son Joseph} (ho ed(936b)en Iak(9362) t(9369) I(9373)(8870)h t(9369) hui(9369) autou). See Ge 33:19 48:22 . Relative ho is not attracted to case of ch(9372)iou. First aorist active indicative ed(936b)en.經文:
約翰福音 4:6-4:6
註釋:
{Jacob's well} (p(8867)(8820)tou Iak(9362)). "A spring of Jacob" (here and verse 14 ), but phrear (well, pit, cistern) in verses 11,12 . It is really a cistern 100 feet deep dug by a stranger apparently in a land of abundant springs ( Ge 26:19 ). {Wearied} (kekopiak(9373)). Perfect active participle of kopia(935c), a state of weariness. The verb means to toil excessively ( Lu 5:5 ). John emphasizes the human emotions of Jesus ( 1:14 11:3,33,35,38,41f. 12:27 13:21 19:28 ). {With his journey} (ek t(8873) hodoiporias). As a result (ek) of the journey. Old compound word from hodoporos (wayfarer), in N.T. only here and 2Co 11:26 . {Sat} (ekathezeto). Imperfect (descriptive) middle of kathezomai, "was sitting." {Thus} (hout(9373)). Probably "thus wearied," graphic picture. {By the well} (epi t(8869) p(8867)(8869)). Literally, "upon the curbstone of the well." {Sixth hour} (h(9373) hekt(885c)). Roman time, about 6 P.M., the usual time for drawing water.經文:
約翰福音 4:7-4:7
註釋:
{There cometh} (erchetai). Vivid historical present as in verse 5 . {A woman of Samaria} (gun(8820)ek t(8873) Samarias). The country, not the city which was two hours away. {To draw water} (antl(8873)ai hud(9372)). First aorist active infinitive of purpose of antle(935c) for which see 2:8f . Cf. Rebecca in Ge 24:11,17 . {Give me to drink} (dos moi pein). Second aorist active imperative of did(936d)i and second aorist active infinitive (object of dos) of pin(935c), shortened form of piein. A polite request.經文:
約翰福音 4:8-4:8
註釋:
{For} (gar). Explanation of the reason for asking her. {Were gone away} (apel(886c)utheisan). Past perfect of aperchomai, to go off. They had already gone before she came. To Sychar ( 5,39 ). {To buy food} (hina trophas agoras(9373)in). Hina in purpose clause with first aorist active subjunctive of agoraz(935c), old verb from agora (marketplace). See Mt 21:12 . Troph(885c) (nourishment) is old word from reph(935c), to nourish ( Mt 3:4 ). "Victuals" (plural).經文:
約翰福音 4:9-4:9
註釋:
{The Samaritan woman} (h(8820)gun(8820)h(8820)Samareitis). Different idiom from that in 7 , "the woman the Samaritan." The Samaritans were a mixture by intermarriage of the Jews left in the land ( 2Ch 30:6,10 34:9 ) with colonists from Babylon and other regions sent by Shalmaneser. They had had a temple of their own on Mt. Gerizim and still worshipped there. {Thou being a Jew} (su Ioudaios (936e)). Race antipathy was all the keener because the Samaritans were half Jews. {Drink} (pein). Same infinitive form as in 7 and the object of aiteis (askest). {Of me} (par' emou). "From me," ablative case with para. {For Jews have no dealings with Samaritans} (ou gar sunchr(936e)tai Ioudaioi Samareitais). Explanatory (gar) parenthesis of the woman's astonishment. Associative instrumental case with sunchr(936e)tai (present middle indicative of sunchraomai, compound in literary _Koin(825f), here only in N.T.). The woman's astonishment is ironical according to Bernard. At any rate the disciples had to buy food in a Samaritan village and they were travelling through Samaria. Perhaps she was surprised that Jesus would drink out of her waterpot. The Western class omit this explanatory parenthesis of the author.經文:
約翰福音 4:10-4:10
註釋:
2Co 9:15 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Co 9' or engs='2Co 9'經文:
約翰福音 4:11-4:11
註釋:
{Sir} (Kurie). So it has to mean here in the mouth of the Samaritan woman, not Lord. {Thou hast nothing to draw with and the well is deep} (oute antl(886d)a echeis kai to phrear estin bathu). This broken construction of oute-kai (neither--and) occurs in N.T. elsewhere only in 3Jo 1:10 . Antl(886d)a (from antle(935c), to draw) is a late word for that which is drawn, then (Plutarch) for the act of drawing, and then for the rope as here to draw with. This well (phrear) is 100 feet deep and Jesus had no rope. The bucket of skin ("with three cross sticks at the mouth to keep it open," Vincent) was kept at the well to be let down by a goat's hair rope. {That living water} ( o hud(9372) to z(936e)). "The water the living," with the article referring to the language of Jesus in verse 10 . She is still thinking only of literal water.經文:
約翰福音 4:12-4:12
註釋:
{Art thou} (M(8820)su ei). Expecting a negative answer. {Greater than our father Jacob} (meiz(936e) ei tou patros h(886d)(936e) Iak(9362)). Ablative case patros after the comparative adjective meiz(936e) (positive megas). The Samaritans claimed descent from Jacob through Joseph (tribes of Ephraim and Manasseh). {Cattle} ( hremmata). Old word from reph(935c), to nourish, nursling, child, flock, cattle. Only here in N.T.經文:
約翰福音 4:13-4:13
註釋:
{Every one that drinketh} (pas ho pin(936e)). Present active articular participle with pas, parallel to the indefinite relative with the second aorist active subjunctive (hos an pi(8869)) in verse 14 . With this difference in the tenses used (pin(936e), keep on drinking, pi(8869), once for all). Note ek and the ablative both times, out of the water. Jesus pointed to the well ("this water").經文:
約翰福音 4:14-4:14
註釋:
{That I shall give him} (hou eg(9320)d(9373)(9320)aut(9369)). Relative hou attracted to the case (genitive) of the antecedent (hudatos). Future active indicative of did(936d)i. {Shall never thirst} (ou m(8820)dips(8873)ei eis ton aiona). The double negative ou m(885c) is used with either the future indicative as here or the aorist subjunctive, the strongest possible negative. See both constructions (ou m(8820)peinas(8869) and ou me dips(8873)ei) in Joh 6:35 . Jesus has not answered the woman's question save by the necessary implication here that he is superior to Jacob. {A well of water springing up unto eternal life} (p(8867)(8820)hudatos hallomenou eis z(9388)n ai(936e)ion). "Spring (or fountain) of water leaping (bubbling up) unto life eternal." Present middle participle of hallomai, old verb, in N.T. only here and Ac 3:8 14:10 . The woman's curiosity is keenly excited about this new kind of water.經文:
約翰福音 4:15-4:15
註釋:
{Sir} (Kurie). Not yet "Lord" for her. See verse 11 . {This water} ( outo to hud(9372)). This peculiar kind of water. She did not grasp the last phrase "unto life eternal," and speaks half ironically of "this water." {That I thirst not} (hina m(880a)dips(935c)). Final clause with hina, alluding to the words of Jesus, water that will prevent thirst. {Neither come} (m(8864)e dierch(936d)ai). Carrying on the negative purpose with present middle subjunctive, "nor keep on coming" as she has to do once or twice every day. She is evidently puzzled and yet attracted.經文:
約翰福音 4:16-4:16
註釋:
{Go, call thy husband} (Hupage ph(936e)(8873)on sou ton andra). Two imperatives (present active, first aorist active). Had she started to leave after her perplexed reply? Her frequent trips to the well were partly for her husband. We may not have all the conversation preserved, but clearly Jesus by this sudden sharp turn gives the woman a conviction of sin and guilt without which she cannot understand his use of water as a metaphor for eternal life.經文:
約翰福音 4:17-4:17
註釋:
{I have no husband} (ouk ech(9320)andra). The Greek an(8872) means either "man" or "husband." She had her "man," but he was not a legal "husband." Her language veils her deceit. {Thou saidst well} (kal(9373) eipes). Jesus saw through the double sense of her language and read her heart as he only can do, a supernatural gift of which John often speaks ( 1:48 2:24f. 5:20 ). {For thou hast had five husbands} (pente gar andras esches). "For thou didst have five men." Second aorist (constative) active indicative of ech(935c). {Is not thy husband} (ouk estin sou an(8872)). In the full and legal sense of an(8872), not a mere "man." {This hast thou said truly} ( outo al(8874)hes eir(886b)as). "This a true thing thou hast said." Note absence of article with al(8874)hes (predicate accusative). Perfect active indicative eir(886b)as here, not aorist eipes (verse 17 ).經文:
約翰福音 4:19-4:19
註釋:
{Sir} (Kurie). So still. {I perceive} ( he(9372)(935c)). "I am beginning to perceive" from what you say, your knowledge of my private life (verse 29 ). See 2:23 for he(9372)e(935c) which John's Gospel has 23 times, of bodily sight ( 20:6,14 ), of mental contemplation ( 12:45 14:17 ). See both he(9372)e(935c) and optomai in 1:51 16:16 . {That thou art a prophet} (hoti proph(8874)(8873) ei su). "That a prophet art thou" (emphasis on "thou"). She felt that this was the explanation of his knowledge of her life and she wanted to change the subject at once to the outstanding theological dispute.經文:
約翰福音 4:20-4:20
註釋:
{In this mountain} (en t(9369) orei tout(9369)). Jacob's Well is at the foot of Mount Gerizim toward which she pointed. Sanballat erected a temple on this mountain which was destroyed by John Hyrcanus B.C. 129. Abraham ( Ge 12:7 ) and Jacob ( Ge 33:20 ) set up altars at Shechem. On Gerizim were proclaimed the blessings recorded in De 28 . The Samaritan Pentateuch records an altar set up on Gerizim that is on Ebal (over 200 feet higher than Gerizim) in the Hebrew ( De 27:4 ). The Samaritans held that Abraham offered up Isaac on Gerizim. The Samaritans kept up this worship on this mountain and a handful do it still. {And ye say} (kai humeis legete). Emphasis on humeis (ye). Ye Jews. {Ought to worship} (proskunein dei). "Must worship," as of necessity (dei). The woman felt that by raising this theological wrangle she would turn the attention of Jesus away from herself and perhaps get some light on the famous controversy. Proskune(935c) in John is always worship, not just respect.經文:
約翰福音 4:21-4:21
註釋:
{Believe me} (pisteue moi). Correct text. Present active imperative. Unique phrase in place of the common am(886e) am(886e) (verily, verily). {The hour cometh} (erchetai h(9372)a). "There is coming an hour." The same idiom occurs also in John 4:34 5:25,28 16:2,25,32 . {Neither in this mountain nor in Jerusalem} (oute en t(9369) orei tout(9369) oute en Ierosolumois). The worship of God will be emancipated from bondage to place. Both Jews and Samaritans are wrong as to the "necessity" (dei). "These ancient rivalries will disappear when the spirituality of true religion is fully realized." Jesus told this sinful woman one of his greatest truths.經文:
約翰福音 4:22-4:22
註釋:
{That which ye know not} (ho ouk oidate). Cf. Ac 17:23 . "You know whom to worship, but you do not know him" (Westcott). The Samaritans rejected the prophets and the Psalms and so cut themselves off from the fuller knowledge of God. {We} (h(886d)eis). We Jews. Jesus is a Jew as he fully recognizes ( Mt 15:24 ). {That which we know} (ho oidamen). Neuter singular relative as before. The Jews, as the chosen people, had fuller revelations of God ( Ps 147:19f. Ro 9:3-5 ). But even so the Jews as a whole failed to recognize God in Christ ( 1:11,26 7:28 ). {For salvation is from the Jews} (hoti h(8820)s(9374)(8872)ia ek t(936e) Ioudai(936e) estin). "The salvation," the Messianic salvation which had long been the hope and guiding star of the chosen people ( Lu 1:69,71,77 Ac 13:26,47 ). It was for the whole world ( Joh 3:17 ), but it comes "out of" (ek) the Jews. This tremendous fact should never be forgotten, however unworthy the Jews may have proved of their privilege. The Messiah, God's Son, was a Jew.經文:
約翰福音 4:23-4:23
註釋:
{And now is} (kai nun estin). See this same phrase in 5:25 . This item could not be added in verse 21 for local worship was not abolished, but spiritual independence of place was called for at once. So contrast 5:25,28 16:25,32 . {The true worshippers} (hoi al(8874)hinoi proskun(8874)ai). See 1:9 for al(8874)hinos (genuine). Proskun(8874)(8873) is a late word from proskune(935c), to bow the knee, to worship, occurs here only in N.T., but is found in one pre-Christian inscription (Deissmann, _Light_, etc., p. 101) and in one of the 3rd century A.D. (Moulton & Milligan, _Vocabulary_). {In spirit and truth} (en pneumati kai al(8874)hei(8369)). This is what matters, not where, but how (in reality, in the spirit of man, the highest part of man, and so in truth). All this is according to the Holy Spirit ( Ro 8:5 ) who is the Spirit of truth ( Joh 16:13 ). Here Jesus has said the final word on worship, one needed today. {Seeketh} (z(8874)ei). The Father has revealed himself in the Son who is the truth ( Joh 14:6,9 ). It does matter whether we have a true conception of God whom we worship. {To be his worshippers} ( ous proskunountas auton). Rather, "seeks such as those who worship him" (predicate accusative articular participle in apposition with oioutous (such). John pictures the Father as seeking worshippers, a doctrine running all through the Gospel ( 3:16 6:44 15:16 1Jo 4:10 ).經文:
約翰福音 4:24-4:24
註釋:
1Jo 4:8 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Jo 4' or engs='1Jo 4'經文:
約翰福音 4:25-4:25
註釋:
{Messiah cometh} (Messias erchetai). Hebrew word in N.T. only here and 1:41 and explained by Christos in both places. The Samaritans looked for a Messiah, a prophet like Moses ( De 18:18 ). Simon Magus gave himself out in Samaria as some great one and had a large following ( Ac 8:9 ). Pilate quelled an uprising in Samaria over a fanatical Messianic claimant (Josephus, _Ant_. XVIII. iv. 1). {When he is come} (hotan elth(8869) ekeinos). "Whenever that one comes." Indefinite temporal clause with hotan (hote, an) and the second aorist active subjunctive. Wistfully she turns to this dim hope as a bare possibility about this strange "prophet." {He will declare unto us all things} (anaggelei h(886d)in hapanta). Future active indicative of anaggell(935c), old and common verb to announce fully (ana, up and down). See also 16:13 . Perhaps here is light on the knowledge of her life by Jesus as well as about the way to worship God.經文:
約翰福音 4:26-4:26
註釋:
{I that speak unto thee am he} (Eg(9320)eimi ho lal(936e) soi). "I am he, the one speaking to thee." In plain language Jesus now declares that he is the Messiah as he does to the blind man ( Joh 9:37 ).經文:
約翰福音 4:27-4:27
註釋:
{Upon this} (epi tout(9369)). This idiom only here in N.T. At this juncture. Apparently the woman left at once when the disciples came. {They marvelled} (ethaumazon). Imperfect active describing the astonishment of the disciples as they watched Jesus talking with a woman. {Was speaking} (elalei). As in 2:25 , so here the tense is changed in indirect discourse from lalei to elalei, an unusual idiom in Greek. However, hoti here may be "because" and then the imperfect is regular. It is not "with the woman" (meta t(8873) gunaikos), but simply "with a woman" (meta gunaikos). There was a rabbinical precept: "Let no one talk with a woman in the street, no, not with his own wife" (Lightfoot, _Hor, Hebr_. iii. 287). The disciples held Jesus to be a rabbi and felt that he was acting in a way beneath his dignity. {Yet no man said} (oudeis mentoi eipen). John remembers through the years their amazement and also their reverence for Jesus and unwillingness to reflect upon him.經文:
約翰福音 4:28-4:28
註釋:
{Left her waterpot} (aph(886b)en t(886e) hudrian). First aorist active indicative of aphi(886d)i, ingressive aorist, in her excitement and embarrassment. It was too large for speed anyhow ( 2:6 ). And says (kai legei). Graphic historic present indicative again.經文:
約翰福音 4:29-4:29
註釋:
{All things that ever I did} (panta ha epoi(8873)a). {Ha}, not hosa (as many as), no "ever" in the Greek. But a guilty conscience (verse 18f. ) led her to exaggerate a bit. {Can this be the Christ?} (m(8874)i houtos estin ho Christos;). She is already convinced herself (verses 26f. ), but she puts the question in a hesitant form to avoid arousing opposition. With a woman's intuition she avoided ouk and uses m(8874)i. She does not take sides, but piques their curiosity.經文:
約翰福音 4:30-4:30
註釋:
{They went out} (ex(886c)thon). Second aorist (effective) indicative of exerchomai, at once and in a rush. {And were coming to him} (kai (8872)chonto pros auton). Imperfect middle, graphically picturing the long procession as they approached Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 4:31-4:31
註釋:
{In the meanwhile} (en t(9369) metaxu). Supply kairoi or chronoi. See o metaxu Sabbaton, "the next Sabbath" ( Ac 13:42 ) and en t(9369) metaxu ( Lu 8:1 ). Metaxu means between. {Prayed him} ((8872)(9374)(936e) auton). Imperfect active, "kept beseeching him." For this late (_Koin(825f)) use of er(9374)a(935c), to beseech, instead of the usual sense to question see also verses 40,47 . Their concern for the comfort of Jesus overcame their surprise about the woman.經文:
約翰福音 4:32-4:32
註釋:
{Meat} (r(9373)in). Originally the act of eating ( Ro 14:17 ) from ibr(9373)k(935c), but soon and commonly as that which is eaten like r(936d)a once in John (verse 34 ). So here and 6:27,55 . Cf. vernacular English "good eating," "good eats." {I ... ye} (eg(9320)... humeis). Emphatic contrast. Spiritual food Jesus had.經文:
約翰福音 4:33-4:33
註釋:
{Hath any man brought him aught to eat?} (M(8820)tis (886e)egken aut(9369) phagein;). Negative answer expected (m(885c)). "Did any one bring him (something) to eat?" During our absence, they mean. Second aorist active indicative of pher(935c) ((886e)egken) and second aorist active infinitive of esthi(935c) (phagein), defective verbs both of them. See 4:7 for like infinitive construction (dos pein).經文:
約翰福音 4:34-4:34
註釋:
{To do the will} (hina poi(8873)(9320)to thel(886d)a). Non-final use of hina and the first aorist active subjunctive as subject or predicate nominative as in 6:29 15:8 17:3 . The Messianic consciousness of Jesus is clear and steady ( 5:30 6:38 ). He never doubted that the Father sent him. {And to accomplish his work} (kai telei(9373)(9320)autou to ergon). Hina understood with elei(9373)(935c) in like idiom, first aorist active subjunctive of eleio(935c) (from eleios), to bring to an end. See 5:36 . In 17:4 (the Intercessory Prayer) he will say that he has done ( elei(9373)as) this task which the Father gave him to do. On the Cross Jesus will cry Tetelestai (It is finished). He will carry through the Father's programme ( Joh 3:16 ). That is his "food." He had been doing that in winning the woman to God.經文:
約翰福音 4:35-4:35
註釋:
{Say not ye?} (Ouch humeis legete;). It is not possible to tell whether Jesus is alluding to a rural proverb of which nothing is known about there being four months from seedtime to harvest (a longer time than four months in fact) or whether he means that it was then actually four months to harvest. In the latter sense, since harvest began about the middle of April, it would be December when Jesus spoke. {There are yet four months} (eti tetram(886e)os estin). The use of eti (yet) and the fact that the space between seedtime and harvest is longer than four months ( etra, Aeolic for essara, and m(886e), month) argue against the proverb idea. {And then cometh the harvest} (kai ho therismos erchetai). "And the harvest ( herismos, from heriz(935c), rare in Greek writers) comes." The possible Iambic verse here is purely accidental as in 5:14 . {Lift up your eyes} (eparate tous ophthalmous hum(936e)). First aorist active imperative of epair(935c). Deliberate looking as in Joh 6:5 where heaomai also is used as here. {Fields} (ch(9372)as). Cultivated or ploughed ground as in Lu 21:21 . {White} (leukai). Ripened grain like grey hair ( Mt 5:36 ). {Already unto harvest} (pros therismon (8864)(885c)). Probably (8864)(885c) (already) goes with verse 36 . The Samaritans could already be seen approaching and they were the field "white for harvest." This is the meaning of Christ's parable. If it is the spring of the year and Christ can point to the ripened grain, the parable is all the plainer, but it is not dependent on this detail. Recall the parable of the sower in Mt 13 .經文:
約翰福音 4:36-4:36
註釋:
{Already he that reapeth receiveth wages} ((8864)(8820)ho theriz(936e) misthon lambanei). The spiritual harvester can gather his harvest without waiting four months. Jesus is reaping a harvest right now by the conversion of this woman. The labourer is worthy of his hire ( Lu 10:7 2Ti 2:6 ). John does not use misthos (reward) again, but karpos ( 15:2-16 ), "fruit for life eternal" (cf. 4:14 ). {That he that soweth and he that reapeth may rejoice together} (hina ho speir(936e) homou chair(8869) kai ho theriz(936e)). Final use of hina with present active subjunctive of chair(935c), to rejoice, in the singular with ho speir(936e) (the sower) and to be repeated with ho theriz(936e) (the reaper). The adverb homou (together) elsewhere in N.T. only 20:4 21:2 Ac 2:1 . Usually considerable time passes between the sowing and the reaping as in verse 35 . Amos ( Am 9:13 ) spoke of the time when "the ploughman shall overtake the reaper" and that has happened here with the joy of the harvest time ( Isa 9:3 ). Jesus the Sower and the disciples as the reapers are here rejoicing simultaneously.經文:
約翰福音 4:37-4:37
註釋:
{For herein} (en gar tout(9369)). In this relation between the sower and the reaper. {The saying} (ho logos). Like 1Ti 1:15 3:1 , etc. Probably a proverb that is particularly true (al(8874)hinos for which see 1:9 ) in the spiritual realm. {One soweth, and another reapeth} (allos estin ho speir(936e) kai allos ho theriz(936e)). "One is the sower and another the reaper." It is sad when the sower misses the joy of reaping ( Job 31:8 ) and has only the sowing in tears ( Ps 126:5f. ). This may be the punishment for sin ( De 28:30 Mic 6:15 ). Sometimes one reaps where he has not sown ( De 6:11 Jos 24:13 ). It is the prerogative of the Master to reap ( Mt 25:26f. ), but Jesus here lets the disciples share his joy.經文:
約翰福音 4:38-4:38
註釋:
{I sent} (eg(9320)apesteila). Emphatic use of eg(935c) and first aorist active indicative of apostell(935c) common in John for to send. {Whereon ye have not laboured} (ho ouch humeis kekopiakate). Perfect active indicative of kopia(935c) for which see 4:6 . So also kekopiakasin in next line. The disciples had done no sowing here in Sychar, only Jesus and the woman. {Others} (alloi: Jesus, the Baptist, the prophets). {And ye} (kai humeis). Emphatic contrast. {Have entered} (eisel(886c)uthate). Perfect active indicative of eiserchomai. {Into their labour} (eis ton kopon aut(936e)). Into the fruit and blessed results of their toil (kopos). This is always true as seen in Ac 8:5-7,14f .經文:
約翰福音 4:39-4:39
註釋:
{Because of the saying of the woman who testified} (dia ton logon t(8873) gunaikos marturous(8873)). She bore her witness clearly and with discretion. She told enough to bring her neighbours to Christ. They knew her evil life and she frankly confessed Christ's rebuke to her. She had her share in this harvest. How timid and cowardly we often are today in not giving our testimony for Christ to our neighbour.經文:
約翰福音 4:40-4:40
註釋:
{Two days} (duo h(886d)eras). Accusative of extent of time. They wanted to cultivate the acquaintance of Jesus. So he remained in Sychar in a continuous revival, a most unexpected experience when one recalls the feeling between the Jews and the Samaritans ( 4:9 ). The reaping went on gloriously.經文:
約翰福音 4:41-4:41
註釋:
{Many more} (poll(9369) pleious). "More by much" (instrumental case poll(9369)) in comparison with just "many" (polloi) of verse 39 . Jesus was reaping more rapidly than the woman did. But all were rejoicing that so many "believed" (episteusan, really believed).經文:
約翰福音 4:42-4:42
註釋:
1Jo 4:14 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Jo 4' or engs='1Jo 4'經文:
約翰福音 4:43-4:43
註釋:
{After the two days} (Meta tas duo h(886d)eras). Those in verse 40 . {Into Galilee} (eis t(886e) Galilaian). As he had started to do (verse 3 ) before the interruption at Sychar.經文:
約翰福音 4:44-4:44
註釋:
{For Jesus himself testified} (autos gar I(8873)ous emartur(8873)en). John's explanation of the conduct of Jesus by quoting a proverb often used by Jesus ( Mr 6:4 Mt 13:57 Lu 4:24 in reference to Nazareth), but not necessarily used by Jesus on this occasion. A similar proverb has been found in Plutarch, Pliny, Seneca. {A prophet hath no honour in his own country} (proph(8874)(8873) en t(8869) idi(8369) patridi tim(886e) ouk echei). What is meant by patridi? In the Synoptics ( Lu 4:24 Mr 6:4 Mt 13:57 ) the reference is to Nazareth where he was twice rejected. But what has John in mind in quoting it here? He probably knew the quotations in the Synoptics. Does John refer to Judea by "his own country"? If so, the application hardly fits for he had already explained that Jesus was leaving Judea because he was too popular there ( 4:1-3 ). If he means Galilee, he immediately mentions the cordial welcome accorded Jesus there (verse 45 ). But even so this is probably John's meaning for he is speaking of the motive of Jesus in going into Galilee where he had not yet laboured and where he apparently had no such fame as in Judea and now in Samaria.經文:
約翰福音 4:45-4:45
註釋:
{So when} (hote oun). Transitional use of oun, sequence, not consequence. {Received him} (edexanto auton). First aorist middle of dechomai, "welcomed him." Jesus had evidently anticipated a quiet arrival. {Having seen} (he(9372)akotes). Perfect active participle of hora(935c). Note he(9372)ountes in 2:23 about this very thing at the feast in Jerusalem. The miracles of Jesus at that first passover made a stir. {For they also went} (kai autoi gar (886c)thon). The Samaritans did not go and so Jesus was a new figure to them, but the Galileans, as orthodox Jews, did go and so were predisposed in his favour.經文:
約翰福音 4:46-4:46
註釋:
{Again} (palin). A second time. {Unto Cana} (eis t(886e) Kana). Note article, "the Cana of Galilee" already mentioned in 2:1 . {Where he made the water wine} (hopou epoi(8873)en to hud(9372) oinon). That outstanding first miracle would still be remembered in Cana and would indicate that Jesus had some friends there. {Nobleman} (asilikos). One connected with the king (asileus), whether by blood or by office. Probably here it is one of the courtiers of Herod the tetrarch of Galilee, Chuzas ( Lu 8:3 ), Manaen ( Ac 13:1 ), or some one else. Some of the manuscripts used asiliskos, a petty king, a diminutive of asileus. {Was sick} ((8873)thenei). Imperfect active of asthene(935c) (a privative and sthenos, without strength, Mt 25:36 ), continued sick. {At Capernaum} (en Kapharnaoum). Some miles from Cana near where the Jordan enters the Sea of Galilee.經文:
約翰福音 4:47-4:47
註釋:
{When he heard} (akousas). First aorist active participle of akou(935c). The news spread rapidly about Jesus. {Was come} (h(886b)ei). Present active indicative of h(886b)(935c), one of the perfective presents, retained in indirect discourse. He had heard the people talk about the miracles in Jerusalem and the first one in Cana. {Went and besought} (ap(886c)then kai (8872)(9374)a). Ingressive aorist indicative (went off at once) and imperfect active ((8872)(9374)a, began to beg and kept it up). {That he would come down} (hina katab(8869), hina and second aorist active subjunctive of katabain(935c), come down at once) {and heal his son} (kai ias(8874)ai autou ton huion, hina construction, sub-final use or object clause, with first aorist middle subjunctive of iaomai, completely heal). {For he was at the point of death} ((886d)ellen gar apothn(8873)kein). Reason (gar) for the urgency. Imperfect active of mell(935c) with present active infinitive old and common verb for what is about to be and it is used with the infinitive present as here, the aorist infinitive ( Re 13:16 ), or the future infinitive ( Ac 11:28 ). The idiom is used of the impending death of Jesus ( Joh 11:51 12:33 18:32 ).經文:
約翰福音 4:48-4:48
註釋:
{Except ye see} (ean m(8820)id(8874)e). Condition of the third class (ean m(885c), negative, with second aorist active subjunctive of hora(935c)). Jesus is not discounting his "signs and wonders" (s(886d)eia kai terata, both words together here only in John, though common in N.T. as in Mt 24:24 Mr 13:22 Ac 2:19,22,43 2Th 2:9 Heb 2:4 ), though he does seem disappointed that he is in Galilee regarded as a mere miracle worker. {Ye will in no wise believe} (ou m(8820)pisteus(8874)e). Strong double negative with aorist active subjunctive of pisteu(935c), picturing the stubborn refusal of people to believe in Christ without miracles.經文:
約翰福音 4:49-4:49
註釋:
{Sir} (Kurie). See 1:38 . {Come down} (katab(8874)hi). Second aorist active imperative, tense and tone of urgency. Ere my child die (prin apothanein to paidion mou). Regular idiom with prin in positive clause, second aorist active infinitive of apothn(8873)k(935c) and accusative of general reference, "before dying as to my child." Bengel notes that he only thought Jesus had power before death as even Martha and Mary felt at first ( 11:21,32 ). But the father's heart goes out to Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 4:50-4:50
註釋:
{Thy son liveth} (ho huios sou z(8869)). "Thy son is living," and will not now die, Jesus means. Words too good and gracious to be true. His son is healed without Jesus even going to Capernaum, "absent treatment" so to speak, but without the cure being absent. {Believed the word} (episteusen t(9369) log(9369)). Instantaneous faith (aorist active indicative), trusted the word (dative case log(9369)). {Went his way} (eporeueto). Inchoative imperfect middle, "started on his way," acted on his faith.經文:
約翰福音 4:51-4:51
註釋:
{As he was now going down} ((8864)(8820)autou katabainontos). Genitive absolute in-spite of the fact that aut(9369) (associative instrumental case with hup(886e)t(8873)an aorist active indicative of hupanta(935c)) is near. {That his son lived} (hoti ho pais autou z(8869)). Present active indicative preserved in indirect discourse (cf. the words of Jesus in verse 50 ). Note pais here (only example in John), huios in 50 , paidion (diminutive of tenderness) in 49 .經文:
約翰福音 4:52-4:52
註釋:
{Inquired} (eputheto). Second aorist middle indicative of punthanomai. {Began to mend} (kompsoteron eschen). Second aorist ingressive active indicative of ech(935c) (took a turn, got better) and comparative of adverb komps(9373). Arrian (_Epictetus iii. 10.13) has komps(9373) echeis from a physician, "Thou hast it fine," "Thou art doing finely." The papyri give several similar examples. Komps(9373) (neat) is from kome(935c), to take care of. {At the seventh hour} (h(9372)an hebdom(886e)). The accusative case without a preposition as in Re 3:3 , though we have peri h(9372)an enat(886e) (about the ninth hour) in Ac 10:3 . See the accusative also in Ex 9:18 aut(886e) t(886e) h(9372)an aurion (tomorrow about this hour). The accusative has the notion of extension and can be thus loosely used. It can even mean here "during the seventh hour." In verse 53 the locative is more exact, "at that hour" (en ekein(8869) t(8869) h(9372)(8369)). The seventh hour would be (Roman time) seven P.M.經文:
約翰福音 4:53-4:53
註釋:
{So the father knew} (egn(9320)oun ho pat(8872)). Second aorist active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c). Inferential use of oun. {Himself believed} (episteusen autos). Not just the word of Jesus (verse 50 ), but complete faith in Jesus himself as the Messiah, absolute use of pisteu(935c) as in 1:7 . {And his whole house} (kai h(8820)oikia autou). All his family, the first example of a whole family believing in Jesus like the later case of Crispus ( Ac 18:8 ).經文:
約翰福音 4:54-4:54
註釋:
{The second sign that} (deuteron s(886d)eion). No article, simply predicate accusative, "This again a second sign did Jesus having come out of Judea into Galilee." The first one was also in Cana ( 2:1ff. ), but many were wrought in Jerusalem also ( 2:23 ).經文:
約翰福音 5:1-5:1
註釋:
6:4: 12:1 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '6' or engs='6'經文:
約翰福音 5:2-5:2
註釋:
{There is} (estin). Bengel argues that this proves a date before the destruction of Jerusalem, but it is probably only John's vivid memory. {By the sheep gate} (epi t(8869) probatik(8869)). Supply pul(8869) (gate) which occurs with the adjective probatik(885c) (pertaining to sheep, probata) in Ne 3:1,22 . {A pool} (kolumb(8874)hra). A diving or swimming pool (from kolumba(935c), to swim, Ac 27:43 ), old word, only here in N.T. {Which is called} (h(8820)epilegomen(885c)). "The surnamed" (present passive participle, only N.T. example except Ac 15:40 first aorist middle participle epilexamenos). {In Hebrew} (Ebraisti). "In Aramaic" strictly as in 19:13,17,20 20:16 Re 9:11 16:16 . {Bethesda} (Bethesda, or House of Mercy. So A C Syr cu). Aleph D L 33 have Bethzatha or House of the Olive, while B W Vulg. Memph. have Bethsaida. {Having five porches} (pente stoas echousa). Stoa was a covered colonnade where people can gather from which Stoic comes ( Ac 17:18 ). See Joh 10:23 Ac 3:11 . Schick in 1888 found twin pools north of the temple near the fortress of Antonia one of which has five porches. It is not, however, certain that this pool existed before A.D. 70 when the temple was destroyed (Sanday, _Sacred Sites of the Gospels_, p. 55). Some have identified it with the Pool of Siloam ( 9:7 ), though John distinguishes them. There is also the Virgin's Well, called the Gusher, because it periodically bubbles over from a natural spring, a kind of natural siphon. This is south of the temple in the Valley of Kedron and quite possibly the real site.經文:
約翰福音 5:3-5:3
註釋:
{In these} (en tautais). In these five porches. {Lay} (katekeito). Imperfect middle of katakeimai, to lie down, singular number because pl(8874)hos (multitude) is a collective substantive. {Withered} (x(8872)(936e)). Old adjective x(8872)os for dry, wasted as the hand ( Mt 12:10 ). The oldest and best manuscripts omit what the Textus Receptus adds here "waiting for the moving of the water" (ekdechomenon t(886e) tou hudatos kin(8873)in), a Western and Syrian addition to throw light on the word arachth(8869) (is troubled) in verse 7 .經文:
約翰福音 5:4-5:4
註釋:
All of this verse is wanting in the oldest and best manuscripts like Aleph B C D W 33 Old Syriac, Coptic versions, Latin Vulgate. It is undoubtedly added, like the clause in verse 3 , to make clearer the statement in verse 7 . Tertullian is the earliest writer to mention it. The Jews explained the healing virtues of the intermittent spring by the ministry of angels. But the periodicity of such angelic visits makes it difficult to believe. It is a relief to many to know that the verse is spurious.經文:
約翰福音 5:5-5:5
註釋:
{Which had been thirty and eight years} ( riakonta kai okt(930a)et(8820)ech(936e)). Literally, "having thirty and eight years," "having spent thirty and eight years."經文:
約翰福音 5:6-5:6
註釋:
{Knew that he had been a long time} (gnous hoti polun (8864)(880a)chronon echei). How Jesus "knew" (gnous, second aorist active participle of gin(9373)k(935c)) we are not told, whether supernatural knowledge ( 2:24f. ) or observation or overhearing people's comments. In (8864)(8820)echei we have a progressive present active indicative, "he has already been having much time" (chronon, accusative of extent of time). {Wouldest thou be made whole?} (Theleis hugi(8873) genesthai;). "Dost thou wish to become whole?" Predicate nominative hugi(8873) with genesthai (second aorist middle infinitive). It was a pertinent and sympathetic question.經文:
約翰福音 5:7-5:7
註釋:
{When the water is troubled} (hotan tarachth(8869) to hud(9372)). Indefinite temporal clause with hotan and the first aorist passive subjunctive of arass(935c), old verb to agitate ( Mt 2:3 ). The popular belief was that, at each outflow of this intermittent spring, there was healing power in the water for the first one getting in. {To put me into the pool} (hina bal(8869) me eis t(886e) kolumb(8874)hran). Final use of hina and the second aorist active subjunctive of all(935c), "that he throw me in" quickly before any one else. For this use of all(935c) see Mr 7:30 Lu 16:20 . {But while I am coming} (en h(9369) de erchomai). Temporal use of the relative, "in which time" (chron(9369) or kair(9369) understood). Eg(935c) (I) is emphatic.經文:
約翰福音 5:8-5:8
註釋:
{Arise, take up thy bed, and walk} (Egeire, (8372)on ton krabatton sou kai peripatei). Present active imperative of egeir(935c), a sort of exclamation, like our "Get up." The first active imperative ((8372)on of air(935c)) means to pick up the pallet, and then "go on walking" (present active imperative of peripate(935c)). For krabatton (pallet) see Mr 2:2-12 6:55 Ac 5:15 9:33 .經文:
約翰福音 5:9-5:9
註釋:
{Took up his bed and walked} ((8872)e ton krabatton autou kai periepatei). The same distinction in tenses in the same verbs preserved, punctiliar action in (8872)e (first aorist active of air(935c), took it up at once) and linear act (imperfect active of peripate(935c), went on walking). {The sabbath on that day} (sabbaton en ekein(8869) t(8869) h(886d)er(8369)). The first of the violations of the Sabbath rules of the Jews by Jesus in Jerusalem that led to so much bitterness (cf. 9:14,16 ). This controversy will spread to Galilee on Christ's return there ( Mr 2:23-3:6 Mt 12:1-14 Lu 6:1-11 ).經文:
約翰福音 5:10-5:10
註釋:
{Unto him that was cured} ( (9369) tetherapeumen(9369)). Perfect passive articular participle of herapeu(935c) (only example in John), "to the healed man." See Mt 8:7 . {To take up thy bed} ((8372)ai ton krabatton). The very words of Jesus (verse 8 ), only infinitive (first aorist active). Carrying burdens was considered unlawful on the Sabbath ( Ex 23:12 Ne 13:19 Jer 17:21 ). Stoning was the rabbinical punishment. The healing of the man was a minor detail.經文:
約翰福音 5:11-5:11
註釋:
{But he answered} (hos de apekrith(885c)). Demonstrative hos (But this one) and deponent use of apekrith(885c) (first aorist passive indicative of apokrinomai with no passive force). {The same} (ekeinos). "That one," emphatic demonstrative as often in John ( 1:18,33 9:37 10:1 , etc.). The man did not know who Jesus was nor even his name. He quotes the very words of Jesus. {Whole} (hugi(885c)). Predicate accusative agreeing with me (me).經文:
約翰福音 5:12-5:12
註釋:
{Who is the man?} (Tis estin ho anthr(9370)os;). Contemptuous expression, "Who is the fellow?" They ask about the command to violate the Sabbath, not about the healing.經文:
約翰福音 5:13-5:13
註釋:
{He that was healed} (ho iatheis). First aorist passive articular participle of iaomai (John's usual word). {Who it was} ( is estin). Present tense preserved in indirect question. {Had conveyed himself away} (exeneusen). First aorist active indicative of ekne(935c), old verb to swim out, to slip out, or from ekneu(935c), to turn out, to turn the head to one side (to one side with which compare eneneuon, they nodded, Lu 1:62 ). Either of these verbs can explain the form here. The aorist tense simply states an antecedent action without being a pastperfect. {A multitude being in the place} (ochlou ontos en t(9369) top(9369)). Genitive absolute and the reason for Christ's departure.經文:
約翰福音 5:14-5:14
註釋:
{Findeth him} (heuriskei auton). Dramatic present as in 1:45 , possibly after search as in 9:35 . {Sin no more} (m(886b)eti hamartane). "No longer go on sinning." Present active imperative with m(886b)eti, a clear implication that disease was due to personal sin as is so often the case. Jesus used the same words to the woman taken in adultery in the spurious passage ( Joh 8:11 ). He had suffered for 38 years. All sickness is not due to personal sin ( 9:3 ), but much is and nature is a hard paymaster. Jesus is here living up to his name ( Mt 1:21 ). {Lest a worse thing befall thee} (hina m(8820)cheiron soi ti gen(8874)ai). Negative final clause with second aorist middle subjunctive of ginomai. Cheiron is comparative of kakos, bad. Worse than the illness of 38 years, bad as that is. He will now be sinning against knowledge.經文:
約翰福音 5:15-5:15
註釋:
{Went away and told} (ap(886c)then kai eipen). Both aorist active indicatives. Instead of giving heed to the warning of Jesus about his own sins he went off and told the Jews that now he knew who the man was who had commanded him to take up his bed on the Sabbath Day, to clear himself with the ecclesiastics and escape a possible stoning. {That it was Jesus} (hoti I(8873)ous estin). Present indicative preserved in indirect discourse. The man was either ungrateful and wilfully betrayed Jesus or he was incompetent and did not know that he was bringing trouble on his benefactor. In either case one has small respect for him.經文:
約翰福音 5:16-5:16
註釋:
{Persecute} (edi(936b)on). Inchoative imperfect, "began to persecute" and kept it up. They took this occasion as one excuse (dia touto, because of this). They disliked Jesus when here first ( 2:18 ) and were suspicious of his popularity ( 4:1 ). Now they have cause for an open breach. {Because he did} (hoti epoiei). Imperfect active, not just this one act, but he was becoming a regular Sabbath-breaker. The Pharisees will watch his conduct on the Sabbath henceforth ( Mr 2:23 3:2 ).經文:
約翰福音 5:17-5:17
註釋:
{Answered} (apekrinato). Regular aorist middle indicative of apokrinomai, in John here only and verse 19 , elsewhere apekrith(885c) as in verse 11 . {My Father} (ho pater mou). Not "our Father," claim to peculiar relation to the Father. {Worketh even until now} (he(9373) arti ergazetai). Linear present middle indicative, "keeps on working until now" without a break on the Sabbath. Philo points out this fact of the continuous activity of God. Justin Martyr, Origen and others note this fact about God. He made the Sabbath for man's blessing, but cannot observe it himself. {And I work} (kag(9320)ergazomai). Jesus puts himself on a par with God's activity and thus justifies his healing on the Sabbath.經文:
約翰福音 5:18-5:18
註釋:
{Sought the more} (mallon ez(8874)oun). Imperfect active of z(8874)e(935c), graphic picture of increased and untiring effort "to kill him" (auton apokteinai, first aorist active, to kill him off and be done with him). John repeats this clause "they sought to kill him" in 7:1,19,25 8:37,40 . Their own blood was up on this Sabbath issue and they bend every energy to put Jesus to death. If this is a passover, this bitter anger, murderous wrath, will go on and grow for two years. {Not only brake the Sabbath} (ou monon elue to sabbaton). Imperfect active of lu(935c). He was now a common and regular Sabbath-breaker. Lu(935c) means to loosen, to set at naught. The papyri give examples of lu(935c) in this sense like luein ta penth(885c) (to break the period of mourning). This was the first grudge against Jesus, but his defence had made the offence worse and had given them a far graver charge. {But also called God his own Father} (alla kai patera idion elege ton theon). "His own" (idion) in a sense not true of others. That is precisely what Jesus meant by "My Father." See Ro 8:32 for ho idios huios, "his own Son." {Making himself equal with God} (ison heauton poi(936e) t(9369) the(9369)). Isos is an old common adjective (in papyri also) and means {equal}. In Php 2:6 Paul calls the Pre-incarnate Christ isa the(9369), "equal to God" (plural isa, attributes of God). Bernard thinks that Jesus would not claim to be isos the(9369) because in Joh 14:28 he says: "The Father is greater than I." And yet he says in 14:7 that the one who sees him sees in him the Father. Certainly the Jews understood Jesus to claim equality with the Father in nature and privilege and power as also in 10:33 19:7 . Besides, if the Jews misunderstood Jesus on this point, it was open and easy for him to deny it and to clear up the misapprehension. This is precisely what he does not do. On the contrary Jesus gives a powerful apologetic in defence of his claim to equality with the Father (verses 19-47 ).經文:
約翰福音 5:19-5:19
註釋:
{The Son} (ho huios). The absolute use of the Son in relation to the Father admitting the charge in verse 18 and defending his equality with the Father. {Can do nothing by himself} (ou dunatai poiein aph'heautou ouden). True in a sense of every man, but in a much deeper sense of Christ because of the intimate relation between him and the Father. See this same point in 5:30 7:28 8:28 14:10 . Jesus had already made it in 5:17 . Now he repeats and defends it. {But what he seeth the Father doing} (an m(8820)ti blep(8869) ton patera poiounta). Rather, "unless he sees the Father doing something." Negative condition (an m(885c)=ean m(885c), if not, unless) of third class with present (habit) subjunctive (lep(8869)) and present active participle (poiounta). It is a supreme example of a son copying the spirit and work of a father. In his work on earth the Son sees continually what the Father is doing. In healing this poor man he was doing what the Father wishes him to do. {For what things soever he doeth, these the Son also doeth in like manner} (ha gar an ekeinos poi(8869) tauta kai ho huios homoi(9373) poiei). Indefinite relative clause with an and the present active subjunctive (poi(8869)). Note ekeinos, emphatic demonstrative, that one, referring to the Father. This sublime claim on the part of Jesus will exasperate his enemies still more.經文:
約翰福音 5:20-5:20
註釋:
{Loveth} (philei). In 3:35 we have agap(8369) from agapa(935c), evidently one verb expressing as noble a love as the other. Sometimes a distinction ( 21:17 ) is made, but not here, unless phile(935c) presents the notion of intimate friendship (philos, friend), fellowship, the affectionate side, while agapa(935c) (Latin _diligo_) is more the intelligent choice. But John uses both verbs for the mystery of love of the Father for the Son. {Greater works than these} (meizona tout(936e) erga). Tout(936e) is ablative case after the comparative meizona (from megas, great). John often uses erga for the miracles of Christ ( 5:36 7:3,21 10:25,32,38 , etc.). It is the Father who does these works ( 14:10 ). There is more to follow. Even the disciples will surpass what Christ is doing in the extent of the work ( 14:12 ). Deixei is future active indicative of deiknumi, to show. See also 10:32 . {That ye may marvel} (hina humeis thaumaz(8874)e). Purpose clause with hina and present active subjunctive of haumaz(935c). Wonder belongs to childhood and to men of knowledge. Modern science has increased the occasion for wonder. Clement of Alexandria has a saying of Jesus: "He that wonders shall reign, and he that reigns shall rest."經文:
約翰福音 5:21-5:21
註釋:
{Quickeneth whom he will} (hous thelei z(936f)poiei). Present active indicative of z(936f)poie(935c) (from z(936f)poios, making alive), common in Paul ( 1Co 15:45 , etc.). As yet, so far as we know, Jesus had not raised the dead, but he claims the power to do it on a par with the power of the Father. The raising of the son of the widow of Nain ( Lu 7:11-17 ) is not far ahead, followed by the message to the Baptist which speaks of this same power ( Lu 7:22 Mt 11:5 ), and the raising of Jairus' daughter ( Mt 9:18,22-26 ). Jesus exercises this power on those "whom he wills." Christ has power to quicken both body and soul.經文:
約翰福音 5:22-5:22
註釋:
{He hath given all judgement unto the Son} ( (886e) krisin p(8373)an ded(936b)en t(9369) hui(9369)). Perfect active indicative of did(936d)i, state of completion (as in 3:35 6:27,29 10:29 , etc.). See this prerogative claimed for Christ already in 3:17 . See the picture of Christ as Judge of men in Mt 25:31-46 .經文:
約翰福音 5:23-5:23
註釋:
{That all may honour the Son} (hina pantes tim(9373)in ton huion). Purpose clause with hina and present active subjunctive of ima(935c) (may keep on honouring the Son). {He that honoureth not the Son} (ho m(8820)tim(936e) ton huion). Articular present active participle of ima(935c) with negative m(885c). Jesus claims here the same right to worship from men that the Father has. Dishonouring Jesus is dishonouring the Father who sent him ( 8:49 12:26 15:23 1Jo 2:23 ). See also Lu 10:16 . There is small comfort here for those who praise Jesus as teacher and yet deny his claims to worship. The Gospel of John carries this high place for Christ throughout, but so do the other Gospels (even Q, the Logia of Jesus) and the rest of the New Testament.經文:
約翰福音 5:24-5:24
註釋:
{Hath eternal life} (echei z(9388)n ai(936e)ion). Has now this spiritual life which is endless. See 3:36 . In verses 24,25 Jesus speaks of spiritual life and spiritual death. In this passage ( 21-29 ) Jesus speaks now of physical life and death, now of spiritual, and one must notice carefully the quick transition. In Re 20:14 we have the phrase "the second death" with which language compare Re 20:4-6 . {But hath passed out of death into life} (alla metabeb(886b)en ek tou thanatou eis t(886e) z(9388)n). Perfect active indicative of metabain(935c), to pass from one place or state to another. Out of spiritual death into spiritual life and so no judgement (krisis).經文:
約翰福音 5:25-5:25
註釋:
{And now is} (kai nun estin). See 4:23 for this phrase. Not the future resurrection in verse 28 , but the spiritual resurrection here and now. {The dead} (hoi nekroi). The spiritually dead, dead in trespasses and sins ( Eph 2:1,5 5:14 ). {Shall hear the voice of the Son of God} (akousousin t(8873) ph(936e)(8873) tou huiou tou theou). Note three genitives (ph(936e)(8873) after akousousin, huiou with ph(936e)(8873), heou with huiou). Note three articles (correlation of the article) and that Jesus here calls himself "the Son of God" as in 10:36 11:4 . {Shall live} (z(8873)ousin). Future active indicative, shall come to life spiritually.經文:
約翰福音 5:26-5:26
註釋:
{In himself} (en heaut(9369)). The Living God possesses life wholly in himself and so he has bestowed this power of life to the Son as already stated in the Prologue of the Logos ( 1:3 ). For "gave" (ed(936b)en, timeless aorist active indicative) see also 3:35 17:2,24 . The particles "as" (h(9373)per) and "so" (hout(9373)) mark here the fact, not the degree (Westcott).經文:
約翰福音 5:27-5:27
註釋:
{Because he is the Son of man} (hoti huios anthr(9370)ou estin). Rather, "because he is a son of man" (note absence of articles and so not as the Messiah), because the judge of men must partake of human nature himself (Westcott). Bernard insists that John is here giving his own reflections rather than the words of Jesus and uses huios anthr(9370)ou in the same sense as ho huios tou anthr(9370)ou (always in the Gospels used by Jesus of himself). But that in my opinion is a wrong view since we have here ostensibly certainly the words of Jesus himself. So in Re 1:13 4:14 huion anthr(9370)ou means "a son of man."經文:
約翰福音 5:28-5:28
註釋:
{In the tombs} (en tois mn(886d)eiois). Taphos (grave) presents the notion of burial ( hapt(935c), to bury) as in Mt 23:27 , mn(886d)eion (from mnaomai, mimn(8873)k(935c), to remind) is a memorial (sepulchre as a monument). Jesus claims not only the power of life (spiritual) and of judgement, but of power to quicken the actual dead at the Last Day. They will hear his voice and come out (ekporeusontai, future middle indicative of ekporeuomai). A general judgement and a general bodily resurrection we have here for both good and bad as in Mt 25:46 Ac 24:15 2Co 5:10 and as often implied in the words of Jesus ( Mt 5:29f. 10:28 Lu 11:32 ). In Joh 6:39 Jesus asserts that he will raise up the righteous.經文:
約翰福音 5:29-5:29
註釋:
{Unto the resurrection of life} (eis anastasin z(9388)s). Anastasis is an old word (Aeschylus) from anist(886d)i, to raise up, to arise. This combination occurs nowhere else in the N.T. nor does "the resurrection of judgement" (eis anastasin krise(9373)), but in Lu 14:14 there is the similar phrase "in the resurrection of the just" (en t(8869) anastasei t(936e) dikai(936e)). Only there note both articles. Here without the articles it can mean "to a resurrection of life" and "to a resurrection of judgement," though the result is practically the same. There are two resurrections as to result, one to life, one to judgement. See both in Da 12:2 .經文:
約翰福音 5:30-5:30
註釋:
{I} (Eg(935c)). The discourse returns to the first person after using "the Son" since verse 19 . Here Jesus repeats in the first person (as in 8:28 ) the statement made in verse 19 about the Son. In John emautou is used by Jesus 16 times and not at all by Jesus in the Synoptics. It occurs in the Synoptics only in Mt 8:8 Lu 7:7f . {Righteous} (dikaia). As all judgements should be. The reason is plain (hoti, because), the guiding principle with the Son being the will of the Father who sent him and made him Judge. Judges often have difficulty in knowing what is law and what is right, but the Son's task as Judge is simple enough, the will of the Father which he knows (verse 20 ).經文:
約翰福音 5:31-5:31
註釋:
{If I bear witness of myself} (Ean eg(9320)martur(9320)peri emautou). Condition of third class, undetermined with prospect of determination (ean and present active subjunctive of marture(935c)). The emphasis is on eg(935c) (I alone with no other witness). {Is not true} (ouk estin al(8874)h(8873)). In law the testimony of a witness is not received in his own case (Jewish, Greek, Roman law). See De 19:15 and the allusion to it by Jesus in Mt 18:16 . See also 2Co 13:1 1Ti 5:19 . And yet in 8:12-19 Jesus claims that his witness concerning himself is true because the Father gives confirmation of his message. The Father and the Son are the two witnesses ( 8:17 ). It is a paradox and yet true. But here Jesus yields to the rabbinical demand for proof outside of himself. He has the witness of another (the Father, 5:32,37 ), the witness of the Baptist ( 5:33 ), the witness of the works of Jesus ( 5:36 ), the witness of the Scriptures ( 5:39 ), the witness of Moses in particular ( 5:45 ).經文:
約翰福音 5:32-5:32
註釋:
{Another} (allos). The Father, not the Baptist who is mentioned in verse 33 . This continual witness of the Father (ho martur(936e), who is bearing witness, and marturei, present active indicative) is mentioned again in verses 36-38 as in 8:17 .經文:
約翰福音 5:33-5:33
註釋:
{Ye have sent} (humeis apestalkate). Emphatic use of humeis (ye) and perfect active indicative of apostell(935c), official and permanent fact and so the witness of the Baptist has to be recognized as trustworthy by the Sanhedrin. The reference is to the committee in 1:19-28 . {He hath borne witness} (memartur(886b)en). Perfect active indicative of marture(935c) showing the permanent and abiding value of John's testimony to Christ as in 1:34 3:26 5:37 . So also 19:35 of the testimony concerning Christ's death. This was the purpose of the Baptist's mission ( 1:7 ).經文:
約翰福音 5:34-5:34
註釋:
{But the witness which I receive} (Eg(9320)de ou t(886e) marturian lamban(935c)). "But I do not receive the witness" simply from a man (like John). The eg(935c) (I) in sharp contrast with humeis (ye) of verse 33 . Jesus complained of Nicodemus for not accepting his witness ( 3:11 ). Cf. also 3:32 . In 1Jo 5:9 the witness of God is greater than that of men and this Jesus has. {That ye may be saved} (hina humeis s(9374)h(8874)e). Final clause with hina and first aorist passive subjunctive of s(937a)(935c). This was the purpose of Christ's coming, that the world might be saved ( 3:17 ).經文:
約翰福音 5:35-5:35
註釋:
{He} (ekeinos). "That one" (John of 33 ). Common demonstrative (that one) in John to point out the subject. Used in 1:8 of the Baptist as here. John was now in prison and so Christ uses (886e) (was). His active ministry is over. {The lamp} (ho luchnos). The lamp in the room ( Mr 4:21 ). Old word for lamp or candle as in Mt 5:15 . Used of Christ (the Lamb) as the Lamp of the New Jerusalem ( Re 21:23 ). Lampas ( Mt 25:1,3 , etc.) is a torch whose wick is fed with oil. The Baptist was not the Light ( o ph(9373), 1:8 ), but a lamp shining in the darkness. "When the Light comes, the lamp is no longer needed" (Bernard). "_Non Lux iste, sed lucerna_." Jesus by his own claim is the Light of the World ( 8:12 9:5 12:46 ). And yet all believers are in a sense "the light of the world" ( Mt 5:14 ) since the world gets the Light of Christ through us. {That burneth} (ho kaiomenos). See Mt 5:15 for this verb used with luchnos (lighting a candle or lamp). The lamp that is lit and is burning (present passive participle of kai(935c), and so is consumed). {And shineth} (kai phain(936e)). See 1:4 for this verb used of the Logos shining in the darkness. Cf. 1Jo 2:8 . John was giving light as he burned for those in darkness like these Jews. {And ye were willing} (humeis de (8874)hel(8873)ate). "But ye became willing." Ingressive aorist active indicative of hel(935c). Reference again to 1:19 . Cf. also for the temporary popularity of the Baptist Mr 1:5 Mt 3:5 11:7 21:26 . The Jews were attracted to John "like moths to a candle" (Bernard). {To rejoice} (agalliath(886e)ai). First aorist passive infinitive of agalliaomai, late word for agallomai for which see Mt 5:12 . "They were attracted by his brightness, not by his warmth" (Bengel). Even so the brightness of John's shining did not really enlighten their minds. "The interest in the Baptist was a frivolous, superficial, and short-lived excitement" (Vincent). It was only "for an hour" (pros h(9372)an) when they turned against him.經文:
約翰福音 5:36-5:36
註釋:
{But the witness which I have is greater than that of John} (Eg(9320)de ech(9320)t(886e) marturian meiz(9320)tou I(9361)nou). Literally, "But I have the witness greater than John's." Meiz(935c) (meizona) is predicate accusative and I(9361)nou is ablative of comparison after meiz(935c). Good as the witness of John is, Christ has superior testimony. {To accomplish} (hina telei(9373)(935c)). Final clause with hina and first aorist active subjunctive of eleio(935c), the same idiom in 4:34 . Jesus felt keenly the task laid on him by the Father (cf. 3:35 ) and claimed at the end that he had performed it ( 17:4 19:30 ). Jesus held that the highest form of faith did not require these "works" (erga) as in 2:23 10:38 14:11 . But these "works" bear the seal of the Father's approval ( 5:20,36 10:25 ) and to reject their witness is wrong ( 10:25 10:37f. 15:24 ). {The very works} (auta ta erga). "The works themselves," repeating a erga just before for vernacular emphasis. {Hath sent me} (me apestalken). Perfect active indicative of apostell(935c), the permanence of the mission. Cf. 3:17 . The continuance of the witness is emphasized in 5:32 8:18 .經文:
約翰福音 5:37-5:37
註釋:
1Jo 4:12 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Jo 4' or engs='1Jo 4'經文:
約翰福音 5:38-5:38
註釋:
{And} (kai). "And yet" as in 1:10 and 5:40 below. {His word abiding in you} ( on logon autou en humin menonta). But God's word had come to them through the centuries by the prophets. For the phrase see 10:35 15:3 17:6 1Jo 1:10 2:14 . {Him ye believe not} ( out(9369) humeis ou pisteuete). "This one" ( out(9369), dative case with pisteuete) in emphatic relation to preceding "he" (ekeinos, God). Jesus has given them God's word, but they reject both Jesus and God's word ( Joh 14:9 ).經文:
約翰福音 5:39-5:39
註釋:
{Ye search} (eraun(8374)e). Proper spelling as the papyri show rather than ereun(8374)e, the old form (from ereuna, search) as in 7:52 . The form here can be either present active indicative second person plural or the present active imperative second person plural. Only the context can decide. Either makes sense here, but the reason given "because ye think" (hoti humeis dokeite, clearly indicative), supports the indicative rather than the imperative. Besides, Jesus is arguing on the basis of their use of "the Scriptures" ( as graphas). The plural with the article refers to the well-known collection in the Old Testament ( Mt 21:42 Lu 24:27 ). Elsewhere in John the singular refers to a particular passage ( 2:22 7:38 10:35 ). {In them ye have eternal life} (en autais z(9388)n ai(936e)ion echein). Indirect assertion after dokeite without "ye" expressed either as nominative (humeis) or accusative (humas). Bernard holds that in John doke(935c) always indicates a mistaken opinion ( 5:45 11:13,31 13:29 16:20 20:15 ). Certainly the rabbis did make a mechanical use of the letter of Scripture as a means of salvation. {These are they} (ekeinai eisin hai). The true value of the Scriptures is in their witness to Christ (of me, peri emou). Luke ( 24:27,45 ) gives this same claim of Jesus, and yet some critics fail to find the Messiah in the Old Testament. But Jesus did.經文:
約翰福音 5:40-5:40
註釋:
{And ye will not come to me} (kai ou thelete elthein pros me). "And yet" (kai) as often in John. "This is the tragedy of the rejection of Messiah by the Messianic race" (Bernard). See Joh 1:11 Mt 23:37 (kai ouk (8874)hel(8873)ate, and ye would not). Men loved darkness rather than light ( Joh 3:19 ). {That ye may have life} (hina z(9388)n ech(8874)e). Life in its simplest form as in 3:36 (cf. 3:16 ). This is the purpose of John in writing the Fourth Gospel ( 20:31 ). There is life only in Christ Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 5:41-5:41
註釋:
{Glory from men} (doxan para anthr(9370)(936e)). Mere honour and praise Jesus does not expect from men (verse 34 ). This is not wounded pride, for ambition is not Christ's motive. He is unlike the Jews ( 5:44 12:43 Mt 6:1f. ) and seeks not his own glory, but the glory and fellowship of the Father ( 1:14 2:11 7:18 ). Paul did not seek glory from men ( 1Th 2:6 ).經文:
約翰福音 5:42-5:42
註釋:
1Jo 2:5 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Jo 2' or engs='1Jo 2'經文:
約翰福音 5:43-5:43
註釋:
{In my Father's name} (en t(9369) onomati tou patros mou). Seven times Jesus in John speaks of the "Name" of the Father ( 5:43 10:25 12:28 17:6,11,12,26 ). See 1:12 for use of onoma ( Lu 1:49 ). {And ye receive me not} (kai ou lambanete me). "And yet ye do not receive me," as in verse 40 , "the Gospel of the Rejection" ( 1:11 3:11,32 12:37 ) often applied to the Fourth Gospel. {If another come} (ean allos elth(8869)). Condition of third class (ean and second aorist active subjunctive of erchomai). Note allos, not heteros, like allon I(8873)oun in 2Co 11:4 . Similar prophecies occur in Mr 13:6,22 ( Mt 24:5,24 ), all general in character like Antichrist in 2Th 2:8-12 . There is no occasion for a reference to any individual like Barcochba (about A.D. 134) as Pfleiderer and Schmiedel hold. These Messianic upstarts all come "in their own name" and always find a following. {Him ye will receive} (ekeinon l(886d)psesthe). "That one," whoever he is, as Jesus said. Future active indicative of lamban(935c). Credulous about the false Messiahs, incredulous about Christ.經文:
約翰福音 5:44-5:44
註釋:
{How can ye believe?} (p(9373) dunasthe humeis pisteusai;). Emphasis on "ye" (humeis), ye being what ye are. They were not true Jews ( Ro 2:29 Es 9:28 ) who cared for the glory of God, but they prefer the praise of men ( Mt 6:1f. 23:5 ) like the Pharisees who feared to confess Christ ( Joh 12:43 ). {From the only God} (para tou monou theou). B and W omit heou which is certainly meant even if not genuine here. See 17:3 Ro 16:27 1Ti 6:15f .經文:
約翰福音 5:45-5:45
註釋:
{Think not} (m(8820)dokeite). Prohibition with m(885c) and the present imperative. See on verse 39 for doke(935c) for mistaken opinions in John. {I will accuse you} (eg(9320)kat(8867)or(8873)(9320)hum(936e)). Emphasis on eg(935c) (I). Future active indicative of kat(8867)ore(935c) (kata, against, agoreu(935c), to speak in the assembly agora, to bring an accusation in court, a public accusation). See Ro 3:9 for proaitiaomai for making previous charge and Lu 16:1 for diaball(935c), a secret malicious accusation, and Ro 8:33 for egkale(935c), for public charge, not necessarily before tribunal. {Even Moses} (M(9375)s(8873)). No "even" in the Greek. {On whom ye have set your hope} (eis hon humeis (886c)pikate). Perfect active indicative of elpiz(935c), state of repose in Moses. Only example of elpiz(935c) in John. See 2Co 1:10 for use of eis with elpiz(935c) instead of the usual epi ( 1Ti 4:10 ).經文:
約翰福音 5:46-5:46
註釋:
{Ye would believe me} (episteuete an emoi). Conclusion of condition of second class (determined as unfulfilled) with imperfect indicative in both protasis and apodosis and an in apodosis. This was a home-thrust, proving that they did not really believe Moses. {For he wrote of me} (peri gar emou ekeinos egrapsen). De 18:18f. is quoted by Peter ( Ac 3:22 ) as a prophecy of Christ and also by Stephen in Ac 7:37 . See also Joh 3:14 about the brazen serpent and 8:56 about Abraham foreseeing Christ's day. Jesus does here say that Moses wrote concerning him.經文:
約翰福音 5:47-5:47
註釋:
{His writings} ( ois ekeinou grammasin). Dative case with pistuete. See Lu 16:31 for a like argument. The authority of Moses was the greatest of all for Jews. There is a contrast also between {writings} (grammasin, from graph(935c), to write) and {words} ( (886d)asin, from eipon). Gramma may mean the mere letter as opposed to spirit ( 2Co 3:6 Ro 2:27,29 7:6 ), a debtor's bond ( Lu 16:6f. ), letters or learning ( Joh 7:15 Ac 26:24 ) like agrammatoi for unlearned ( Ac 4:13 ), merely written characters ( Lu 23:38 2Co 3:7 Ga 6:11 ), official communications ( Ac 28:21 ), once hiera grammata for the sacred writings ( 2Ti 3:15 ) instead of the more usual hai hagiai graphai. Graph(885c) is used also for a single passage ( Mr 12:10 ), but iblion for a book or roll ( Lu 4:17 ) or iblos ( Lu 20:42 ). Jesus clearly states the fact that Moses wrote portions of the Old Testament, what portions he does not say. See also Lu 24:27,44 for the same idea. There was no answer from the rabbis to this conclusion of Christ. The scribes (hoi grammateis) made copies according to the letter (kata to gramma).經文:
約翰福音 6:1-6:1
註釋:
{After these things} (meta tauta). A common, but indefinite, note of time in John ( 3:22 5:1 6:1 7:1 ). The phrase does not mean immediate sequence of events. As a matter of fact, a whole year may intervene between the events of chapter 5 in Jerusalem and those in chapter 6 in Galilee. There is no sufficient reason for believing that chapter 6 originally preceded chapter 5. The feeding of the five thousand is the only event before the last visit to Jerusalem recorded in all Four Gospels ( Mr 6:30-44 Mt 14:13-21 Lu 9:10-17 Joh 6:1-13 ). The disciples have returned from the tour of Galilee and report to Jesus. It was the passover time ( Joh 6:4 ) just a year before the end. {To the other side of the Sea of Galilee} (peran t(8873) thalass(8873) t(8873) Galilaias). The name given in Mark and Matthew. It is called Gennesaret in Lu 5:1 and "Sea of Tiberias" in Joh 21:1 . Here "of Tiberias" ( (8873) Tiberiados) is added as further description. Herod Antipas A.D. 22 built Tiberias to the west of the Sea of Galilee and made it his capital. See verse 23 for this city. Luke ( Lu 9:10 ) explains that it was the eastern Bethsaida (Julias) to which Jesus took the disciples, not the western Bethsaida of Mr 6:45 in Galilee.經文:
約翰福音 6:2-6:2
註釋:
{Followed} ((886b)olouthei). Descriptive imperfect active, picturing the crowd, but without the details of the boat for Christ and the rapid race of the crowd on foot ( Mr 6:32f. Mt 14:13f. ). {They beheld} (ethe(9372)oun). Imperfect active of he(9372)e(935c). They had been beholding the signs which Jesus had been doing (epoiei, imperfect again) for a long time ( 2:23 ), most of which John has not given ( Mr 1:29f. 2:1 3:1 6:5 ). The people were eager to hear Jesus again ( Lu 9:11 ) and to get the benefit of his healing power "on them that were sick" (epi t(936e) asthenount(936e), the weak or feeble, without strength, a privative and sthenos, strength).經文:
約翰福音 6:3-6:3
註釋:
{Into the mountain} (eis to oros). From the level of the Jordan valley up into the high hill on the eastern side. Mark ( Mr 6:46 ) and Matthew ( Mt 14:23 ) mention that after the miracle Jesus went further up into the mountain to pray. {Sat} (ekath(8874)o). Imperfect middle of kath(886d)ai, was sitting, a picture of repose.經文:
約翰福音 6:4-6:4
註釋:
{The feast of the Jews} (h(8820)heort(8820)t(936e) Ioudai(936e)). Here used of the passover ( o pascha) as in 7:2 of the tabernacles. This is probably the third passover in Christ's ministry ( 2:13 and one unmentioned unless 5:1 be it). In 2:13 , here, and 11:55 (the last one) the adverb eggus (near) is used. John is fond of notes of time. Jesus failed to go to this passover because of the hostility in Jerusalem ( 7:1 ).經文:
約翰福音 6:5-6:5
註釋:
{Lifting up his eyes} (eparas tous ophthalmous). First aorist active participle of epair(935c). See the same phrase in 4:35 where it is also followed by heaomai; 11:41 17:1 Lu 6:20 . Here it is particularly expressive as Jesus looked down from the mountain on the approaching multitude. {Cometh unto him} (erchetai pros auton). Present middle indicative, "is coming to him." The same ochlos polus (here polus ochlos) of verse 2 that had followed Jesus around the head of the lake. {Whence are we to buy?} (Pothen agoras(936d)en;). Deliberative subjunctive (aorist active). John passes by the earlier teaching and healing of the Synoptics ( Mr 6:34f. Mt 14:14f. Lu 9:11f. ) till mid-afternoon. In John also Jesus takes up the matter of feeding the multitude with Philip (from the other Bethsaida, 1:44 ) whereas in the Synoptics the disciples raise the problem with Jesus. So the disciples raise the problem in the feeding of the four thousand ( Mr 8:4 Mt 15:33 ). See Nu 11:13-22 (about Moses) and 2Ki 4:42f . (about Elisha). {Bread} (artous). "Loaves" (plural) as in Mt 4:3 . {That these may eat} (hina phag(9373)in houtoi). Purpose clause with hina and the second aorist active subjunctive of esthi(935c) (defective verb).經文:
約翰福音 6:6-6:6
註釋:
{To prove him} (peiraz(936e) auton). Present active participle of peiraz(935c), testing him, not here in bad sense of tempting as so often ( Mt 4:1 ). {What he would do} ( i (886d)ellen poiein). Indirect question with change of tense to imperfect. As in 2:25 so here John explains why Jesus put the question to Philip.經文:
約翰福音 6:7-6:7
註釋:
{Two hundred pennyworth of bread} (diakosi(936e) d(886e)ari(936e) artoi). "Loaves of two hundred denarii." The Roman coin originally for ten asses (afterwards sixteen), about 16 2/3 cents. The denarius was the usual pay for a day's labour ( Mt 20:2,9,13 ). This item in Mr 6:37 , but not in Matthew or Luke. {That every one may take a little} (hina hekastos brachu lab(8869)). Final clause with hina and second aorist active subjunctive of lamban(935c). This detail in John alone.經文:
約翰福音 6:8-6:8
註釋:
{One of} (heis ek). So in 12:4 ; 13:23 Mr 13:1 without ek. {Simon Peter's brother} (ho adelphos Sim(936e)os Petrou). So described in 1:40 . The great distinction of Andrew was precisely this that he brought Simon to Christ. Philip and Andrew appear together again in 12:20-22 , but in the Synoptics he is distinguished only in Mr 13:3 . In the Muratorian Fragment Andrew received the revelation for John to write the Fourth Gospel.經文:
約翰福音 6:9-6:9
註釋:
{A lad here} (paidarion h(9364)e). Old word, diminutive of pais, here only in N.T., not genuine in Mt 11:16 . How he came to have this small supply we do not know. {Barley} (krithinous). Adjective, here and verse 13 only in N.T., in the papyri, from krith(885c), barley ( Re 6:6 ). Considered an inferior sort of bread. {Fishes} (opsaria). Late diminutive of opson, common in papyri and inscriptions for delicacies with bread like fish. In N.T. only here, verse 11 21:9-13 . Synoptics have ichthuas.經文:
約翰福音 6:10-6:10
註釋:
{Sit down} (anapesein). Literally, "fall back," lie down, recline. Second aorist active infinitive of anapipt(935c). {Much grass} (chortos polus). Old word for pasture, green grass ( Mr 6:39 ) or hay ( 1Co 3:12 ). It was spring ( Joh 6:4 ) and plenty of green grass on the hillside. {The men} (hoi andres). Word for men as distinct from women, expressly stated in Mt 14:21 . {In number} ( on arithmon). Adverbial accusative (of general reference). {About} (hos). General estimate, though they were arranged in orderly groups by hundreds and fifties, "in ranks" like "garden beds" (prasiai, Mr 6:40 ).經文:
約翰福音 6:11-6:11
註釋:
{The loaves} ( ous artous). Those of verse 9 . {Having given thanks} (eucharist(8873)as). The usual grace before meals ( De 8:10 ). The Synoptics use "blessed" eulog(8873)en ( Mr 6:41 Mt 14:19 Lu 9:16 ). {He distributed} (died(936b)en). First aorist active indicative of diadid(936d)i, old verb to give to several (dia, between). {To them that were set down} ( ois anakeimenois). Present middle participle (dative case) of anakeimai, old verb to recline like anapesein in verse 10 . {As much as they would} (hoson (8874)helon). Imperfect active of hel(935c), "as much as they wished."經文:
約翰福音 6:12-6:12
註釋:
{And when they were filled} (h(9373) de enepl(8873)th(8873)an). First aorist (effective) passive indicative of empimpl(886d)i, old verb to fill in, to fill up, to fill completely. They were all satisfied. The Synoptics have echortasth(8873)an like Joh 6:26 (echortasth(8874)e). {Gather up} (sunagagete). Second aorist active imperative of sunag(935c), to gather together. {Broken pieces} (klasmata). From kla(935c), to break. Not crumbs or scraps on the ground, but pieces broken by Jesus ( Mr 6:41 ) and not consumed. {Be lost} (apol(8874)ai). Second aorist middle subjunctive of apollumi with hina in purpose clause. Only in John. There was to be no wastefulness in Christ's munificence. The Jews had a custom of leaving something for those that served.經文:
約翰福音 6:13-6:13
註釋:
{Twelve baskets} (d(9364)eka kophinous). One for each of the apostles. What about the lad? Stout wicker baskets (coffins, Wycliff) in distinction from the soft and frail sphurides used at the feeding of the four thousand ( Mr 8:8 Mt 15:37 ). Here all the Gospels ( Mr 6:43 Mt 14:20 Lu 9:17 Joh 6:13 ) use kophinoi. The same distinction between kophinoi and sphurides is preserved in the allusion to the incidents by Jesus in Mr 8:19,20 Mt 16:9,10 . {Unto them that had eaten} ( ois bebr(936b)osin). Articular perfect active participle (dative case) of ibr(9373)k(935c), old verb to eat, only here in N.T., though often in LXX.經文:
約翰福音 6:14-6:14
註釋:
{Saw the sign which he did} (idontes ha epoi(8873)en s(886d)eia). "Signs" oldest MSS. have. This sign added to those already wrought (verse 2 ). Cf. 2:23 3:2 . {They said} (elegon). Inchoative imperfect, began to say. {Of a truth} (al(8874)h(9373)). Common adverb (from al(8874)h(8873)) in John ( 7:40 ). {The prophet that cometh} (ho proph(8874)(8873) ho erchomenos). There was a popular expectation about the prophet of De 18:15 as being the Messiah ( Joh 1:21 11:27 ). The phrase is peculiar to John, but the idea is in Acts ( 3:22 7:37 ). The people are on the tiptoe of expectation and believe that Jesus is the political Messiah of Pharisaic hope.經文:
約翰福音 6:15-6:15
註釋:
{Perceiving} (gnous). Second aorist active participle of gin(9373)k(935c). It was not hard for Christ to read the mind of this excited mob. {They were about} (mellousin). Present active indicative of mell(935c). Probably the leaders were already starting. {Take him by force} (harpazein). Present active infinitive of harpaz(935c), old verb for violent seizing ( Mt 11:12 13:19 ). There was a movement to start a revolution against Roman rule in Palestine by proclaiming Jesus King and driving away Pilate. {To make him king} (hina poi(8873)(9373)in basilea). Purpose clause with hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of poie(935c) with asilea as predicate accusative. It was a crisis that called for quick action. {Himself alone} (autos monos). At first he had the disciples with him (verse 3 ). But he sent them hurriedly by boat to the western side ( Mr 6:45f. Mt 14:22f. ) because clearly the apostles were sympathetic with the revolutionary impulse of the crowd. Then Jesus sent the multitudes away also and went up into the mountain alone. He was alone in every sense, for no one but the Father understood him at this stage, not even his own disciples. He went up to pray ( Mr 6:46 Mt 14:23 ).經文:
約翰福音 6:16-6:16
註釋:
{When evening came} (h(9373) opsia egeneto). "The late hour" (h(9372)a understood), and so in late Greek the adjective is used as a substantive. It is late evening (real evening), not the early evening in mid-afternoon ( Mt 14:15 ). The disciples were in no hurry to start back to Bethsaida in Galilee ( Mr 6:45 ), Capernaum in John ( Joh 6:17 ).經文:
約翰福音 6:17-6:17
註釋:
{Were going} ((8872)chonto). Picturesque imperfect. {It was now dark} (skotia (8864)(8820)egegonei). Past perfect active of ginomai. While they were going, "darkness had already come." {And Jesus had not yet come to them} (kai ouk el(886c)uthei pros autous ho I(8873)ous). Another past perfect active of erchomai with negative oup(935c). Darkness had come, but Jesus had not come, while they were going over the sea. The tenses in these verses are very graphic.經文:
約翰福音 6:18-6:18
註釋:
{And the sea was rising} (h(8820)te thalassa diegeireto). Imperfect (without augment) passive of diegeir(935c), late compound to wake up thoroughly, to arouse. {By reason of a great wind that blew} (anemou megalou pneontos). Genitive absolute with present active participle of pne(935c), to blow, "a great wind blowing."經文:
約翰福音 6:19-6:19
註釋:
{When therefore they had rowed} (el(886c)akotes oun). Perfect active participle of elaun(935c), old verb to march (Xenophon), to drive ( Jas 3:4 ), to row ( Mr 6:48 ). {Furlongs} (stadious). Stadia, accusative of extent of space, a little over halfway across, "in the midst of the sea" ( Mr 6:47 ). It was about forty stadia (six miles) across. {They behold} ( he(9372)ousin). Graphic dramatic present active indicative of he(9372)e(935c), vividly preserving the emotions of the disciples. {Walking} (peripatounta). Present active participle in the accusative case agreeing with I(8873)oun. {Drawing nigh unto the boat} (eggus tou ploiou ginomenon). Present middle participle of ginomai describing the process. "Coming near the boat." They behold Jesus slipping closer and closer to them on the water. {They were afraid} (ephob(8874)h(8873)an). Ingressive aorist passive indicative of phobeomai, "they became afraid." Sudden change to the regular historical sequence.經文:
約翰福音 6:20-6:20
註釋:
{Be not afraid} (m(8820)phobeisthe). Prohibition with m(885c) and present middle imperative of phobeomai. So in Mr 6:50 ( Mt 14:27 ). John does not tell that the disciples thought Jesus was an apparition ( Mr 6:49 Mt 14:26 ), nor does he give the account of Peter walking on the water ( Mt 14:28-31 ).經文:
約翰福音 6:21-6:21
註釋:
{They were willing therefore} ((8874)helon oun). Inchoative imperfect, "they began to be willing." This does not contradict Mr 6:51 as Bernard thinks. Both Jesus and Peter climbed into the boat. {Whither they were going} (eis h(886e) hup(8867)on). Progressive imperfect active, "to which land they had been going" (intransitive use of hupag(935c), to lead under, to go under or away as in verse 67 7:33 12:11 18:8 .經文:
約翰福音 6:22-6:22
註釋:
{Which stood} (ho hest(886b)(9373)). Perfect active (intransitive) participle of hist(886d)i, to put, to stand. Jesus had sent the multitudes away the evening before ( Mr 6:45 Mt 14:22 ), but evidently some did not go very far, still lingering in excitement on the eastern side of the lake next morning. {Boat} (ploiarion). Diminutive of ploion, little boat ( Mr 3:9 ). {Entered not with} (ou suneis(886c)then). Second aorist active of the double compound verb suneiserchomai, followed by associative instrumental case math(8874)ais. {Went away alone} (monoi ap(886c)thon). Second aorist active indicative of aperchomai, to go away or off. Monoi is predicate nominative. These people noted these three items.經文:
約翰福音 6:23-6:23
註釋:
{Howbeit} (alla). Verse 23 is really an explanatory parenthesis in this long sentence. Tiberias, capital of Herod Antipas, diagonally across the lake, is only mentioned in John in the N.T. ( 6:1,23 21:1 ). {Boats} (ploia). Called "little boats" (ploiaria) in verse 24 .經文:
約翰福音 6:24-6:24
註釋:
{When the multitude therefore saw} (hote oun eiden ho ochlos). Resumption and clarification of the complicated statements of verse 22 . {That Jesus was not there} (hoti I(8873)ous ouk estin ekei). Present indicative retained in indirect discourse. They still did not understand how Jesus had crossed over, but they acted on the basis of the plain fact. {They themselves got into} (eneb(8873)an autoi eis). Second aorist active indicative of embain(935c) followed by eis (both en and eis together as often in N.T.). {Seeking Jesus} (z(8874)ountes ton I(8873)oun). Present active participle of z(8874)e(935c). They had a double motive apart from the curiosity explained in verse 22 . They had clearly not given up the impulse of the evening before to make Jesus king ( 6:15 ) and they had hopes of still another bountiful repast at the hands of Jesus as he said ( 6:26 ).經文:
約翰福音 6:25-6:25
註釋:
{When they found him} (heurontes auton). Second aorist active participle of heurisk(935c). Found him after search and in the synagogue as John explains (verse 59 ) in Capernaum, perhaps that very synagogue built by a centurion ( Lu 7:5 ). {Rabbi} (Rabbei). See on 氣:38| for this courteous title. {When camest thou hither?} (pote h(9364)e gegonas;). Second perfect active indicative of ginomai. "When hast thou come?" We sought you anxiously on the other side of the lake and could not see how you came across (verses 22-24 ).經文:
約翰福音 6:26-6:26
註釋:
{Not because ye saw signs} (ouch hoti eidete s(886d)eia). Second aorist active indicative of the defective verb hora(935c). They had seen the "signs" wrought by Jesus (verse 2 ), but this one had led to wild fanaticism (verse 14 ) and complete failure to grasp the spiritual lessons. {But because ye ate of the loaves} (all' hoti ephagete ek t(936e) art(936e)). Second aorist active indicative of esthi(935c), defective verb. {Ye were filled} (echortasth(8874)e). First aorist passive indicative of chortaz(935c), from chortos (grass) as in verse 10 , to eat grass, then to eat anything, to satisfy hunger. They were more concerned with hungry stomachs than with hungry souls. It was a sharp and deserved rebuke.經文:
約翰福音 6:27-6:27
註釋:
{Work not for} (m(8820)ergazesthe). Prohibition with m(885c) and present middle imperative of ergazomai, old verb from ergon, work. {The meat} ( (886e) br(9373)in). The act of eating ( Ro 14:17 ), corrosion ( Mt 6:19 ), the thing eaten as here ( 2Co 9:10 ). See on 浥oh 4:32|. {Which perisheth} ( (886e) apollumen(886e)). Present middle participle of apollumi. They were already hungry again. {Unto eternal life} (eis z(9388)n ai(936e)ion). Mystical metaphor quite beyond this crowd hungry only for more loaves and fishes. Bernard thinks that John has here put together various sayings of Christ to make one discourse, a gratuitous interpretation. {Will give} (d(9373)ei). Future active indicative of did(936d)i. The outcome is still future and will be decided by their attitude towards the Son of man (verse 51 ). {For him the Father, even God, hath sealed} ( outon gar ho pat(8872) esphragisen ho theos). Literally, "For this one the Father sealed, God." First aorist active indicative of sphragiz(935c), to seal. See elsewhere in Joh 3:33 (attestation by man). Sealing by God is rare in N.T. ( 2Co 1:22 Eph 1:13 4:30 ). It is not clear to what item, if any single one, John refers when the Father set his seal of approval on the Son. It was done at his baptism when the Holy Spirit came upon him and the Father spoke to him. Cf. 5:37 .經文:
約翰福音 6:28-6:28
註釋:
{What must we do?} (Ti poi(936d)en;). Present active deliberative subjunctive of poie(935c), "What are we to do as a habit?" For the aorist subjunctive (poi(8873)(936d)en) in a like question for a single act see Lu 3:10 . For the present indicative (poioumen) of inquiry concerning actual conduct see Joh 11:47 (what are we doing?). {That we may work the works of God} (hina ergaz(936d)etha ta erga tou theou). Final clause with hina and the present middle subjunctive, "that we may go on working the works of God." There may have been an element of vague sincerity in this question in spite of their supercilious attitude.經文:
約翰福音 6:29-6:29
註釋:
{The work of God that ye believe} ( o ergon tou theou hina pisteu(8874)e). In 1Th 1:3 Paul speaks of "your work of faith" (hum(936e) tou ergou t(8873) piste(9373)). So here Jesus terms belief in him as the work of God. These Jews were thinking of various deeds of the Pharisaic type and rules. Jesus turns their minds to the central fact. "This simple formula contains the complete solution of the relation of faith and works" (Westcott). Note the present active subjunctive pisteu(8874)e, "that ye may keep on believing." {On him whom he hath sent} (eis hon apesteilen ekeinos). The pronominal antecedent (eis touton hon) is omitted and the preposition eis is retained with the relative hon really the direct object of apesteilen (sent). Note ekeinos for God (emphatic he).經文:
約翰福音 6:30-6:30
註釋:
{For a sign} (s(886d)eion). Predicate accusative, as a sign, with i (what). As if the sign of the day before was without value. Jesus had said that they did not understand his signs (verse 26 ). {That we may see, and believe thee} (hina id(936d)en kai pisteus(936d)en). Purpose clause with hina and the second aorist (ingressive) active subjunctive of hora(935c) and the first aorist (ingressive) active subjunctive of pisteu(935c), "that we may come to see and come to have faith in thee." It is hard to have patience with this superficial and almost sneering mob. {What workest thou?} (Ti ergaz(8869);). They not simply depreciate the miracle of the day before, but set up a standard for Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 6:31-6:31
註釋:
{Ate the manna} ( o manna ephagon). The rabbis quoted Ps 72:16 to prove that the Messiah, when he comes, will outdo Moses with manna from heaven. Jesus was claiming to be the Messiah and able to give bread for eternal life (verse 27 ). Lightfoot (_Biblical Essays_, p. 152) says: "The key to the understanding of the whole situation is an acquaintance with the national expectation of the greater Moses." They quote to Jesus Ex 16:15 (of. Nu 11:7 21:5 De 8:3 ). Their plea is that Moses gave us bread "from heaven" (ek tou ouranou). Can Jesus equal that deed of Moses?經文:
約翰福音 6:32-6:32
註釋:
{It was not Moses that gave you} (ou M(9375)s(8873) ed(936b)en humin). "Not Moses gave you." Blunt and pointed denial (aorist active indicative of did(936d)i) that Moses was the giver of the bread from heaven (the manna). Moses was not superior to Christ on this score. {But my Father} (all ho pat(8872) mou). Not "our Father," but same claim as in 5:17f . Which caused so much anger in Jerusalem. {Gives} (did(9373)in). Present active indicative, not aorist (ed(936b)en). Continual process. {The true bread out of heaven} ( on arton ek tou ouranou ton al(8874)hinon). "The bread out of heaven" as the manna and more "the genuine bread" of which that was merely a type. On al(8874)hinos see 1:9 4:23 .經文:
約翰福音 6:33-6:33
註釋:
{The bread of God} (ho artos tou theou). All bread is of God ( Mt 6:11 ). The manna came down from heaven ( Nu 11:9 ) as does this bread (ho katabain(936e)). Refers to the bread (ho artos, masculine). Bernard notes that this phrase (coming down) is used seven times in this discourse ( 33,38,41,42,50,51,58 ). {Giveth life} (z(9388)n didous). Chrysostom observes that the manna gave nourishment ( roph(885c)), but not life (z(9388)). This is a most astounding statement to the crowd.經文:
約翰福音 6:34-6:34
註釋:
{Lord} (Kurie). Used now instead of _Rabbi_ (25) though how much the people meant by it is not clear. {Evermore give us this bread} (pantote dos h(886d)in ton arton touton). Second aorist active imperative second singular like dos in Mt 6:11 (urgent petition). What kind of bread do they mean? The Jewish commentaries and Philo speak of the manna as typifying heavenly bread for the soul. Paul in 1Co 10:3 seems to refer to the manna as "spiritual food." Like the woman at the well ( 4:15 ) they long "always" to have "this bread," a perpetual supply. It is probably to this crowd as the water in 4:15 was to the woman.經文:
約翰福音 6:35-6:35
註釋:
{I am the bread of life} (Eg(9320)eimi ho artos t(8873) z(9388)s). This sublime sentence was startling in the extreme to the crowd. Philo does compare the manna to the heios logos in an allegorical sense, but this language is far removed from Philo's vagueness. In the Synoptics ( Mr 14:22 Mt 26:26 Lu 22:19 ) Jesus uses bread (artos) as the symbol of his body in the Lord's Supper, but here Jesus offers himself in place of the loaves and fishes which they had come to seek ( 24,26 ). He is the bread of life in two senses: it has life in itself, the living bread ( 51 ), and it gives life to others like the water of life, the tree of life. John often has Jesus saying "I am" (eg(9320)eimi). As also in 6:41,48,51 8:12 10:7,9,11,14 11:25 14:6 15:1,5 . {He that cometh to me} (ho erchomenos pros eme). The first act of the soul in approaching Jesus. See also verse 37 . {Shall not hunger} (ou m(8820)peinas(8869)). Strong double negative ou me with first aorist (ingressive) active subjunctive, "shall not become hungry." {He that believeth on me} (ho pisteu(936e) eis eme). The continuous relation of trust after coming like pisteu(8874)e (present tense) in verse 29 . See both verbs used together also in 7:37f . {Shall never thirst} (ou m(880a)dips(8873)ei p(9370)ote). So the old MSS. the future active indicative instead of the aorist subjunctive as above, an even stronger form of negation with p(9370)ote ( 1:18 ) added.經文:
約翰福音 6:36-6:36
註釋:
{That ye have seen me} (hoti kai he(9372)akate me). It is not certain that me is genuine. If not, Jesus may refer to verse 26 . If genuine, some other saying is referred to that we do not have. Note kai (also or even). {And yet believe not} (kai ou pisteuete). Use of kai = and yet.經文:
約翰福音 6:37-6:37
註釋:
{All that} (p(836e) ho). Collective use of the neuter singular, classic idiom, seen also in 6:39 17:2,24 1Jo 5:4 . Perhaps the notion of unity like hen in 17:21 underlies this use of p(836e) ho. {Giveth me} (did(9373)in moi). For the idea that the disciples are given to the Son see also 6:39,65 10:29 17:2,6,9,12,24 18:9 . {I will in no wise cast out} (ou m(880a)ekbal(9320)ex(935c)). Strong double negation as in verse 35 with second aorist active subjunctive of all(935c). Definite promise of Jesus to welcome the one who comes.經文:
約翰福音 6:38-6:38
註釋:
{I am come down} (katabeb(886b)a). Perfect active indicative of katabain(935c). See on 氨3| for frequent use of this phrase by Jesus. Here apo is correct rather than ek with ou ouranou. {Not to do} (ouch hina poi(935c)). "Not that I keep on doing" (final clause with hina and present active subjunctive of poie(935c)). {But the will} (alla to thel(886d)a). Supply hina poi(935c) after alla, "but that I keep on doing." This is the fulness of joy for Jesus, to do his Father's will ( 4:34 5:30 ).經文:
約翰福音 6:39-6:39
註釋:
{That of all that which} (hina p(836e) ho). Literally, "That all which" (see verse 37 for pan ho), but there is a sharp anacoluthon with p(836e) left as _nominativus pendens_. {I should lose nothing} (m(8820)apoles(9320)ex autou). Construed with hina, "that I shall not lose anything of it." Apoles(935c), from apollumi, can be either future active indicative or first aorist active subjunctive as is true also of anast(8873)(935c) (from anist(886d)i), "I shall raise up." {At the last day} ( (8869) eschat(8869) hemer(8369)). Locative case without en. Only in John, but four times here ( 39,40,44,54 ) "with the majesty of a solemn refrain." In 7:37 it is the last day of the feast of tabernacles, but in 11:24 12:48 of the day of judgment as here. Christ is the Agent of the general resurrection in 5:28 as in 1Co 15:22 while here only the resurrection of the righteous is mentioned.經文:
約翰福音 6:40-6:40
註釋:
{Should have eternal life} (ech(8869) z(9388)n ai(936e)ion). Present active subjunctive with hina, "that he may keep on having eternal life" as in 3:15,36 . {Beholdeth} ( he(9372)(936e)). With the eye of faith as in 12:45 . {And I will raise him up} (kai anast(8873)(935c)). Future active indicative (volitive future, promise) as in 54 .經文:
約翰福音 6:41-6:41
註釋:
{Murmured} (egogguzon). Imperfect active of the onomatopoetic verb gogguz(935c), late verb in LXX (murmuring against Moses), papyri (vernacular), like the cooing of doves or the buzzing of bees. These Galilean Jews are puzzled over what Jesus had said (verses 33,35 ) about his being the bread of God come down from heaven.經文:
約翰福音 6:42-6:42
註釋:
{How doth he now say?} (P(9373) nun legei;). They knew Jesus as the son of Joseph and Mary. They cannot comprehend his claim to be from heaven. This lofty claim puzzles sceptics today.經文:
約翰福音 6:43-6:43
註釋:
{Murmur not} (m(8820)gogguzete). Prohibition with m(885c) and the present active imperative, "stop murmuring" (the very word of verse 41 ). There was a rising tide of protest.經文:
約翰福音 6:44-6:44
註釋:
{Except the Father draw him} (ean m(8820)helkus(8869) auton). Negative condition of third class with ean m(885c) and first aorist active subjunctive of helku(935c), older form helk(935c), to drag like a net ( Joh 21:6 ), or sword ( 18:10 ), or men ( Ac 16:19 ), to draw by moral power ( 12:32 ), as in Jer 31:3 . Sur(935c), the other word to drag ( Ac 8:3 14:19 ) is not used of Christ's drawing power. The same point is repeated in verse 65 . The approach of the soul to God is initiated by God, the other side of verse 37 . See Ro 8:7 for the same doctrine and use of oude dunatai like oudeis dunatai here.經文:
約翰福音 6:45-6:45
註釋:
{Taught of God} (didaktoi theou). A free quotation from Isa 54:13 with this phrase in the LXX. There is here the ablative case heou with the passive verbal adjective didaktoi (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 516). In 1Th 4:9 we have the compound verbal heodidaktoi. The same use of didaktos with the ablative occurs in 1Co 2:13 . {And hath learned} (kai math(936e)). Second aorist active participle of manthan(935c). It is not enough to hear God's voice. He must heed it and learn it and do it. This is a voluntary response. This one inevitably comes to Christ.經文:
約翰福音 6:46-6:46
註釋:
{This one has seen the Father} (houtos he(9372)aken ton patera). Perfect active indicative of hora(935c). With the eyes no one has seen God ( 1:18 ) save the Son who is "from God" in origin ( 1:1,14 7:29 16:27 17:8 ). The only way for others to see God is to see Christ ( 14:9 ).經文:
約翰福音 6:47-6:47
註釋:
{He that believeth} (ho pisteu(936e)). This is the way to see God in Christ.經文:
約翰福音 6:48-6:48
註釋:
{I am the bread of life} (eg(9320)eimi ho artos t(8873) z(9388)s). Jesus repeats the astounding words of verse 35 after fuller explanation. The believer in Christ has eternal life because he gives himself to him.經文:
約翰福音 6:49-6:49
註釋:
{And they died} (kai apethanon). Physical death. The manna did not prevent death. But this new manna will prevent spiritual death.經文:
約翰福音 6:50-6:50
註釋:
{That a man may eat thereof, and not die} (hina tis ex autou phag(8869) kai m(8820)apothan(8869)). Purpose clause with hina and the second aorist active subjunctive of esthi(935c) and apothn(8873)k(935c). The wonder and the glory of it all, but quite beyond the insight of this motley crowd.經文:
約翰福音 6:51-6:51
註釋:
2Co 5:14f. 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Co 5' or engs='2Co 5'經文:
約翰福音 6:52-6:52
註釋:
{Strove} (emachonto). Imperfect (inchoative) middle of machomai, to fight in armed combat ( Ac 7:26 ), then to wage a war of words as here and 2Ti 2:24 . They were already murmuring ( 41 ), now they began bitter strife with one another over the last words of Jesus ( 43-51 ), some probably seeing a spiritual meaning in them. There was division of opinion about Jesus in Jerusalem also later ( 7:12,40 9:16 10:19 ). {How can?} (P(9373) dunatai;). The very idiom used by Nicodemus in 3:4,9 . Here scornful disbelief. {This man} (houtos). Contemptuous use pictured in verse 42 . {His flesh to eat} ( (886e) sarka autou phagein). As if we were cannibals! Some MSS. do not have autou, but the meaning is clear. The mystical appropriation of Christ by the believer ( Ga 2:20 Eph 3:17 ) they could not comprehend, though some apparently were against this literal interpretation of "flesh" (sarx).經文:
約翰福音 6:53-6:53
註釋:
{Except ye eat} (ean m(8820)phag(8874)e). Negative condition of third class with second aorist active subjunctive of esthi(935c). Jesus repeats the statement in verses 50,51 . Note change of mou (my) in verse 51 to ou huiou tou anthr(9370)ou with same idea. {And drink his blood} (kai pi(8874)e autou to haima). Same condition with second aorist active subjunctive of pin(935c). This addition makes the demand of Jesus seem to these Jews more impossible than before if taken in a baldly literal sense. The only possible meaning is the spiritual appropriation of Jesus Christ by faith (verse 47 ), for "ye have not life in yourselves" (ouk echete z(9388)n en heautois). Life is found only in Christ.經文:
約翰福音 6:54-6:54
註釋:
{He that eateth} (ho tr(9367)(936e)). Present active participle for continual or habitual eating like pisteuete in verse 29 . The verb r(9367)(935c) is an old one for eating fruit or vegetables and the feeding of animals. In the N.T. it occurs only in Joh 6:54,56,58 13:18 Mt 24:38 . Elsewhere in the Gospels always esthi(935c) or ephagon (defective verb with esthi(935c)). No distinction is made here between ephagon ( 48,50,52,53,58 ) and r(9367)(935c) ( 54,56,57,58 ). Some men understand Jesus here to be speaking of the Lord's Supper by prophetic forecast or rather they think that John has put into the mouth of Jesus the sacramental conception of Christianity by making participation in the bread and wine the means of securing eternal life. To me that is a violent misinterpretation of the Gospel and an utter misrepresentation of Christ. It is a grossly literal interpretation of the mystical symbolism of the language of Jesus which these Jews also misunderstood. Christ uses bold imagery to picture spiritual appropriation of himself who is to give his life-blood for the life of the world ( 51 ). It would have been hopeless confusion for these Jews if Jesus had used the symbolism of the Lord's Supper. It would be real dishonesty for John to use this discourse as a propaganda for sacramentalism. The language of Jesus can only have a spiritual meaning as he unfolds himself as the true manna.經文:
約翰福音 6:55-6:55
註釋:
{Meat indeed} (al(8874)h(8873) br(9373)is). So the best MSS., "true food." See on 氦:32| for r(9373)is as equal to r(936d)a (a thing eaten). {Drink indeed} (al(8874)h(8873) posis). Correct text, "true drink." For posis see Ro 14:17 Col 2:16 (only N.T. examples).經文:
約翰福音 6:56-6:56
註釋:
{Abideth in me and I in him} (en emoi menei kag(9320)en aut(9369)). Added to the phrase in 54 in the place of echei z(9388)n ai(936e)ion (has eternal life). The verb men(935c) (to abide) expresses continual mystical fellowship between Christ and the believer as in 15:4-7 1Jo 2:6,27,28 3:6,24 4:12,16 . There is, of course, no reference to the Lord's Supper (Eucharist), but simply to mystical fellowship with Christ.經文:
約翰福音 6:57-6:57
註釋:
1Jo 4:9 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Jo 4' or engs='1Jo 4'經文:
約翰福音 6:58-6:58
註釋:
{This is the bread} (houtos estin ho artos). Summary and final explanation of the true manna (from verse 32 on) as being Jesus Christ himself.經文:
約翰福音 6:59-6:59
註釋:
{In the synagogue} (en sunag(9367)(8869)). Definite like our in church, though article absent. Only use of the word in John except 18:20 . "Among the ruins at _Tell Hum_, the probable site of Capernaum, have been found among the remains of a synagogue a block of stone perhaps the lintel, carved with a pot of manna, and with a pattern of vine leaves and clusters of grapes" (Vincent).經文:
約翰福音 6:60-6:60
註釋:
{A hard saying} (skl(8872)os). "This saying is a hard one." Old adjective, rough, harsh, dried hard (from skell(935c), to dry), probably the last saying of Jesus that he was the bread of life come down from heaven and they were to eat him. It is to be hoped that none of the twelve joined the many disciples in this complaint. {Hear it} (autou akouein). Or "hear him," hear with acceptation. For akou(935c) with the genitive see 10:3,16,27 .經文:
約翰福音 6:61-6:61
註釋:
{Knowing in himself} (eid(9373) en heaut(9369)). Second perfect active participle of oida. See 2:25 for this supernatural insight into men's minds. {Murmured} (gogguzousin). Present active indicative retained in indirect discourse. See 41 for gogguz(935c). {At this} (peri toutou). "Concerning this word." {Cause to stumble} (skandalizei). Common Synoptic verb from skandalon for which see Mt 5:29 . In John again only in 16:1 .經文:
約翰福音 6:62-6:62
註釋:
{What then if ye should behold} (ean oun the(9372)(8874)e). No "what" in the Greek. Condition of third class with ean and present active subjunctive, "if ye then behold." {Ascending} (anabainonta). Present active participle picturing the process. {Where he was before} (hopou (886e) to proteron). Neuter articular adjective as adverb (accusative of general reference, at the former time as in 9:8 Ga 3:13 ). Clear statement of Christ's pre-existence in his own words as in 3:13 17:5 (cf. 1:1-18 ).經文:
約翰福音 6:63-6:63
註釋:
{That quickeneth} ( o z(936f)poioun). Articular present active participle of z(936f)poie(935c) for which see 5:21 . For the contrast between pneuma (spirit) and sarx (flesh) see already 3:6 . {The words} ( a r(886d)ata). Those in this discourse (I have just spoken, lelal(886b)a), for they are the words of God ( 3:34 8:47 17:8 ). No wonder they "are spirit and are life" (pneuma estin kai z(9388) estin). The breath of God and the life of God is in these words of Jesus. Never man spoke like Jesus ( 7:46 ). There is life in his words today.經文:
約翰福音 6:64-6:64
註釋:
1Jo 1:1 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Jo 1' or engs='1Jo 1'經文:
約翰福音 6:65-6:65
註釋:
{Except it be given him of the Father} (ean m(8820)(8869) dedomenon aut(9369) ek tou patros). Condition of third class with ean m(885c) and periphrastic perfect passive subjunctive of did(936d)i. Precisely the same point as in verse 44 where we have helkus(8869) instead of (8869) dedomenon. The impulse to faith comes from God. Jesus does not expect all to believe and seems to imply that Judas did not truly believe.經文:
約翰福音 6:66-6:66
註釋:
{Upon this} (ek toutou). Same idiom in 19:12 . "Out of this saying or circumstance." Jesus drew the line of cleavage between the true and the false believers. {Went back} (ap(886c)thon eis ta opis(935c)). Aorist (ingressive) active indicative of aperchomai with eis ta opis(935c), "to the rear" (the behind things) as in 18:6 . {Walked no more with him} (ouketi met' autou periepatoun). Imperfect active of peripate(935c). The crisis had come. These half-hearted seekers after the loaves and fishes and political power turned abruptly from Jesus, walked out of the synagogue with a deal of bluster and were walking with Jesus no more. Jesus had completely disillusioned these hungry camp-followers who did not care for spiritual manna that consisted in intimate appropriation of the life of Jesus as God's Son.經文:
約翰福音 6:67-6:67
註釋:
{Would ye also go away?} (M(8820)kai humeis thelete hupagein;). Jesus puts it with the negative answer (m(885c)) expected. See 21:5 where Jesus also uses m(885c) in a question. Judas must have shown some sympathy with the disappointed and disappearing crowds. But he kept still. There was possibly restlessness on the part of the other apostles.經文:
約翰福音 6:68-6:68
註釋:
{Lord, to whom shall we go?} (Kurie, pros tina apeleusometha;). Peter is the spokesman as usual and his words mean that, if such a thought as desertion crossed their minds when the crowd left, they dismissed it instantly. They had made their choice. They accepted these very words of Jesus that had caused the defection as "the words of eternal life."經文:
約翰福音 6:69-6:69
註釋:
{We have believed} (h(886d)eis pepisteukamen). Perfect active indicative of pisteu(935c), "We have come to believe and still believe" (verse 29 ). {And know} (kai egn(936b)amen). Same tense of gin(9373)k(935c), "We have come to know and still know." {Thou art the Holy One of God} (su ei ho hagios tou theou). Bernard follows those who believe that this is John's report of the same confession given by the Synoptics ( Mr 8:27f. Mt 16:13-20 Lu 9:18f. ), an utterly unjustifiable conclusion. The details are wholly different. Here in the synagogue in Capernaum, there on Mt. Hermon near Caesarea Philippi. What earthly difficulty is there in supposing that Peter could make a noble confession twice? That is to my mind a wooden conception of the apostles in their growing apprehension of Christ.經文:
約翰福音 6:70-6:70
註釋:
{And one of you is a devil} (kai ex hum(936e) heis diabolos estin). Jesus does not say that Judas was a devil when he chose him, but that he is one now. In 13:2,27 John speaks of the devil entering Judas. How soon the plan to betray Jesus first entered the heart of Judas we do not know ( 12:4 ). One wonders if the words of Jesus here did not cut Judas to the quick.經文:
約翰福音 6:71-6:71
註釋:
{Of Simon Iscariot} (Sim(936e)os Iskari(9374)ou). So his father was named Iscariot also, a man of Kerioth (possibly in Judah, Jos 15:25 , possibly in Moab, Jer 48:24 ), not in Galilee. Judas was the only one of the twelve not a Galilean. The rest of the verse is like 12:4 . {One of the twelve} (heis ek t(936e) d(9364)eka). The eternal horror of the thing.經文:
約翰福音 7:1-7:1
註釋:
{After these things} (meta tauta). John's favourite general note of the order of events. Bernard conceives that the events in 7:1-14 follow 7:15-24 and both follow chapter 5, not chapter 6, a wholly needless readjustment of the narrative to suit a preconceived theory. John simply supplements the narrative in the Synoptics at points deemed important. He now skips the period of withdrawal from Galilee of about six months (from passover to tabernacles). {Walked} (periepatei). Imperfect active, a literal picture of the itinerant ministry of Jesus. He has returned to Galilee from the region of Caesarea Philippi. He had been avoiding Galilee as well as Judea for six months. {For he would not walk in Judea} (ou gar (8874)helen en t(8869) Ioudai(8369)). Imperfect active of hel(935c) picturing the attitude of refusal to work in Judea after the events in chapter 5 (perhaps a year and a half before). {Sought to kill} (ez(8874)oun apokteinai). Imperfect active again, progressive attitude, had been seeking to kill him as shown in 5:18 where the same words occur.經文:
約翰福音 7:2-7:2
註釋:
{The feast of tabernacles} (h(8820)sk(886e)op(8867)ia). Only New Testament example of this word (sk(886e)(885c), tent, p(8867)numi, to fasten as in Heb 8:2 ). Technical name of this feast ( De 16:13 Le 23:34,43 ). It began on the 15th of the month Tisri (end of September) and lasted seven days and finally eight days in post-exilic times ( Ne 8:18 ). It was one of the chief feasts of the Jews.經文:
約翰福音 7:3-7:3
註釋:
{His brethren} (hoi adelphoi autou). "His brothers" (half-brothers actually), who "were not believing on him" (oude episteuon eis auton) as stated in verse 5 . They were hostile to the Messianic assumptions of Jesus, a natural attitude as one can well see, though at first they were friendly ( 2:12 ). {Depart hence} (metab(8874)hi enteuthen). Second aorist active imperative of metabain(935c), to pass to another place ( 5:24 13:1 ). It was impertinence on their part. {That thy disciples also may behold} (hina kai hoi math(8874)ai sou the(9372)(8873)ousin). Final clause with hina and the future active indicative of he(9372)e(935c). Jesus had many disciples in Judea at the start ( 2:23 4:1 ) and had left it because of the jealousy of the Pharisees over his success ( 4:3 ). The brothers may have heard of the great defection in the synagogue in Capernaum ( 6:66 ), but the advice is clearly ironical. {Which thou doest} (ha poieis). To what works they refer by this language we do not know. But Jesus had been away from Galilee for some months and from Judea for a year and a half. Perhaps the brothers of Jesus may actually have been eager to rush Jesus into the hostile atmosphere of Jerusalem again.經文:
約翰福音 7:4-7:4
註釋:
{In secret} (en krupt(9369)). See Mt 6:4,6 for this phrase. {Openly} (en parr(8873)i(8369)). "In public" (p(836e), r(8873)is, telling it all). See on 烘t 8:32|. Common in John ( 7:13,26 10:24 16:25,29 18:20 ; here again contrasted with en krupt(9369)). It is wise advice in the abstract that a public teacher must allow inspection of his deeds, but the motive is evil. They might get Jesus into trouble. If thou doest these things (ei tauta poieis). This condition of the first class assumes the reality of the deeds of Jesus, but the use of the condition at all throws doubt on it all as in Mt 4:3,6 . {Manifest thyself} (phaner(9373)on seauton). First aorist active imperative of phanero(935c). {To the world} ( (9369) kosm(9369)). Not just to "thy disciples," but to the public at large as at the feast of tabernacles. See 8:26 14:22 for this use of kosmos.經文:
約翰福音 7:5-7:5
註釋:
{For even his brethren did not believe on him} (oude gar hoi adelphoi autou episteuon eis auton). Literally, "For not even were his brothers believing on him." Imperfect tense of pisteu(935c) with sad picture of the persistent refusal of the brothers of Jesus to believe in his Messianic assumptions, after the two rejections in Capernaum ( Lu 4:16-31 Mr 6:1-6 Mt 13:54-58 ), and also after the blasphemous accusation of being in league with Beelzebub when the mother and brothers came to take Jesus home ( Mr 3:31-35 Mt 12:46-50 Lu 8:19-21 ). The brothers here are sarcastic.經文:
約翰福音 7:6-7:6
註釋:
{My time is not yet come} (ho kairos ho emos oup(930a)parestin). Only use with verse 8 of kairos in this Gospel, elsewhere chronos ( Joh 5:6 ) or more often h(9372)a ( 2:4 ) "the predestined hour" (Bernard). Here kairos is the fitting or proper occasion for Christ's manifesting himself publicly to the authorities as Messiah as in verse 8 . At the feast of tabernacles Jesus did make such public claims ( 7:29,33 8:12,28,38,42,58 ). Parestin is present active indicative of pareimi, old compound, to be by, to be present. The brothers of Jesus had the regular Jewish obligation to go up to the feast, but the precise day was a matter of indifference to them.經文:
約翰福音 7:7-7:7
註釋:
{Cannot hate} (ou dunatai misein). Because of "the law of moral correspondence" (Westcott), often in John for "inherent impossibility" (Vincent). The brothers of Jesus here belong to the unbelieving world (kosmos) which is unable to love Jesus ( 15:18,23,24 ) and which Jesus had already exposed ("testify," martur(935c), 5:42,45 ). This unbelieving "world" resented the exposure ( 3:19 , cf. 18:37 ).經文:
約翰福音 7:8-7:8
註釋:
{Go ye up to the feast} (humeis anab(8874)e eis t(886e) heort(886e)). The emphatic word by position is humeis (ye) in contrast with eg(935c) (I). Second aorist active imperative of anabain(935c), old and common verb for going up to the feast ( 2:13 ) or anywhere. Take your own advice ( 7:3 ). {I go not up yet} (eg(9320)oup(9320)anabain(935c)). So Westcott and Hort after B W L (Neutral) while ou (not) is read by Aleph D, African Latin, Vulgate, Coptic (Western). Some of the early Greek Fathers were puzzled over the reading ouk (I go not up) as contradictory to verse 10 wherein it is stated that Jesus did go up. Almost certainly ouk (not) is correct and is not really contradictory when one notes in verse 10 that the manner of Christ's going up is precisely the opposite of the advice of the brothers in verses 3,4 . "Not yet" (oup(935c)) is genuine before "fulfilled" (pepl(8872)(9374)ai, perfect passive indicative of pl(8872)o(935c)). One may think, if he will, that Jesus changed his plans after these words, but that is unnecessary. He simply refused to fall in with his brothers' sneering proposal for a grand Messianic procession with the caravan on the way to the feast. He will do that on the journey to the last passover.經文:
約翰福音 7:9-7:9
註釋:
{He abode still in Galilee} (emeinen en t(8869) Galilai(8369)). No "still" (eti) in the Greek text. The constative aorist active indicative emeinen covers a period of some days.經文:
約翰福音 7:10-7:10
註釋:
{Were gone up} (aneb(8873)an). Second aorist active indicative of anabain(935c), not past perfect though the action is antecedent in fact to the following ote aneb(885c). The Greek does not always draw the precise distinction between the merely punctiliar (aorist) antecedent action and the past perfect ( 2:9 4:45 ). {He also} ( ote autos). As well as the brothers. {Not publicly} (ou phaner(9373)). Against their advice in verse 4 , using phaner(9373)on (the very same word stem). {But as it were in secret} (alla h(9373) en krupt(9369)). "Not with the usual caravan of pilgrims" (Bernard). Just the opposite of their advice in verse 4 with the same phrase en phaner(9369). Plainly Jesus purposely went contrary to the insincere counsel of his brothers as to the manner of his Messianic manifestation. This secrecy concerned solely the journey to Jerusalem, not his public teaching there after his arrival ( 7:26,28 18:20 ).經文:
約翰福音 7:11-7:11
註釋:
{The Jews} (hoi Ioudaioi). The hostile leaders in Jerusalem, not the Galilean crowds ( 7:12 ) nor the populace in Jerusalem ( 7:25 ). {Sought} (ez(8874)oun). Imperfect active of z(8874)e(935c), "were seeking," picture of the attitude of the Jewish leaders toward Jesus who had not yet appeared in public at the feast. In fact he had avoided Jerusalem since the collision in chapter 5. The leaders clearly wished to attack him. {Where is he?} (pou estin ekeinos;). "Where is that one? (emphatic use of ekeinos as in 1:8 9:12 ). Jesus had been at two feasts during his ministry (passover in 2:12ff. ; possibly another passover in 5:1 ), but he had avoided the preceding passover ( 6:4 7:1 ). The leaders in Jerusalem had kept in touch with Christ's work in Galilee. They anticipate a crisis in Jerusalem.經文:
約翰福音 7:12-7:12
註釋:
{Much murmuring} (goggusmos polus). This Ionic onomatopoetic word is from gogguz(935c) for which verb see 6:41,61 7:32 , for secret displeasure ( Ac 6:1 ) or querulous discontent ( Php 2:14 ). {Among the multitudes} (en tois ochlois). "The multitudes" literally, plural here only in John. These different groups were visitors from Galilee and elsewhere and were divided in their opinion of Jesus as the Galileans had already become ( 6:66 ). {A good man} (agathos). Pure in motive. See Mr 10:17f. Ro 5:7 (absolute sense of God). Superior to dikaios. Jesus had champions in these scattered groups in the temple courts. {Not so, but he leadeth the multitude astray} (ou, alla plan(8369) ton ochlon). Sharp clash in the crowd. Present active indicative of plana(935c), to go astray ( Mt 18:12f. ), like our "planets," to lead others astray ( Mt 24:4,5,11 , etc.). In the end the rulers will call Jesus "that deceiver" (ekeinos ho planos, Mt 27:63 ). The Jewish leaders have a following among the crowds as is seen ( 7:31f. ).經文:
約翰福音 7:13-7:13
註釋:
{Howbeit} (mentoi). See 4:27 for this compound particle (men, toi), by way of exception, but yet. {Spake} (elalei). Imperfect active of lale(935c), "was speaking," picturing the whispering or secret talk ({no man openly}, oudeis parr(8873)i(8369)). Best MSS. do not have en here with parr(8873)i(8369) (locative or instrumental case of manner) as in 7:26 10:24 11:54 , but en genuine in 7:4 Col 2:15 . This adverbial use of parr(8873)i(8369) is common enough ( Mr 8:37 ). {For fear of the Jews} (dia ton phobon t(936e) Ioudai(936e)). Objective genitive. The crowds really feared the Jewish leaders and evidently did not wish to involve Jesus or themselves. See the same phrase and attitude on the part of the disciples in 19:38 20:19 .經文:
約翰福音 7:14-7:14
註釋:
{But when it was now in the midst of the feast} ((8864)(8820)de t(8873) heort(8873) mesous(8873)). Literally, "But feast being already midway." Genitive absolute, present active participle, of meso(935c), old verb from mesos, in LXX, here only in N.T. The feast of tabernacles was originally seven days, but a last day (verse 37 Le 23:36 ) was added, making eight in all. {And taught} (kai edidasken). Imperfect active of didask(935c), probably inchoative, "began to teach." He went up (aneb(885c), effective aorist, arrived). The leaders had asked (verse 11 ) where Jesus was. There he was now before their very eyes.經文:
約翰福音 7:15-7:15
註釋:
{Marvelled} (ethaumazon). Picturesque imperfect active of haumaz(935c), "were wondering." After all the bluster of the rulers (verse 13 ) here was Jesus teaching without interruption. {Knoweth letters} (grammata oiden). Second perfect active indicative used as present. Grammata, old word from graph(935c), to write, is originally the letters formed ( Ga 6:11 ), then a letter or epistle ( Ac 28:21 ), then the sacred Scriptures ( Joh 5:47 2Ti 3:15 ), then learning like Latin _litterae_ and English letters ( Ac 26:24 Joh 7:15 ). "The marvel was that Jesus showed Himself familiar with the literary methods of the time, which were supposed to be confined to the scholars of the popular teachers" (Westcott). {Having never learned} (m(8820)memath(886b)(9373)). Perfect active participle of manthan(935c) with m(885c), the usual negative (subjective) with the participle. It is not the wisdom of Jesus that disconcerted the Jewish leaders, but his learning (Marcus Dods). And yet Jesus had not attended either of the rabbinical theological schools in Jerusalem (Hillel, Shammai). He was not a rabbi in the technical sense, only a carpenter, and yet he surpassed the professional rabbis in the use of their own methods of debate. It is sometimes true today that unschooled men in various walks of life forge ahead of men of lesser gifts with school training. See the like puzzle of the Sanhedrin concerning Peter and John ( Ac 4:13 ). This is not an argument against education, but it takes more than education to make a real man. Probably this sneer at Jesus came from some of the teachers in the Jerusalem seminaries. "Christ was in the eyes of the Jews a merely self-taught enthusiast" (Westcott).經文:
約翰福音 7:16-7:16
註釋:
{Mine} (em(885c)). Possessive pronoun, "not mine in origin." Jesus denies that he is self-taught, though not a schoolman. {But his that sent me} (alla tou pempsantos me). Genitive case of the articular participle (first aorist active of pemp(935c)). His teaching is not self-originated nor is it the product of the schools (see the Talmud in contrast with the New Testament). Jesus often in John uses this idiom of "the one who sent me" of the Father ( 4:34 5:23,24,30,37 6:38-40,44 7:16,18,28 , etc.). The bold claim is here made by Jesus that his teaching is superior in character and source to that of the rabbis.經文:
約翰福音 7:17-7:17
註釋:
{If any man willeth to do} (ean tis thel(8869) poiein). Condition of third class with ean and present active subjunctive hel(8869) not used as a mere auxiliary verb for the future "will do," but with full force of hel(935c), to will, to wish. See the same use of hel(935c) in 5:40 "and yet ye are not willing to come" (kai ou thelete elthein). {He shall know} (gn(9373)etai). Future middle indicative of gin(9373)k(935c). Experimental knowledge from willingness to do God's will. See this same point by Jesus in 5:46 18:37 . There must be moral harmony between man's purpose and God's will. "If there be no sympathy there can be no understanding" (Westcott). Atheists of all types have no point of contact for approach to the knowledge of Christ. This fact does not prove the non-existence of God, but simply their own isolation. They are out of tune with the Infinite. For those who love God it is also true that obedience to God's will brings richer knowledge of God. Agnostic and atheistic critics are disqualified by Jesus as witnesses to his claims. {Of God} (ek tou theou). Out of God as source. {From myself} (ap' emautou). Instead of from God.經文:
約翰福音 7:18-7:18
註釋:
{From himself} (aph' heautou). This kind of teacher is self-taught, pushes his own ideas, presses his own claims for position and glory, "blows his own horn" as we say. Jesus is the other type of teacher, seeks the glory of the one who sent him, whose herald and ambassador he is. {The same} (houtos). "This one." {Unrighteousness} (adikia). Old word from adikos (a privative and dik(885c)). Here in contrast with "true" (al(8874)h(8873)). See 2Th 2:10 1Co 13:6 for the deceit of unrighteousness in contrast with truth as here.經文:
約翰福音 7:19-7:19
註釋:
{And yet} (kai). Clear use of kai in the adversative sense of "and yet" or "but." They marvelled at Christ's "ignorance" and boasted of their own knowledge of the law of Moses. And yet they violated that law by not practising it. {Why seek ye to kill me?} (Ti me z(8874)eite apokteinai;). A sudden and startling question as an illustration of their failure to do the law of Moses. Jesus had previously known ( 5:39,45-47 ) that the Jews really rejected the teaching of Moses while professing to believe it. On that very occasion they had sought to kill him ( 5:18 ), the very language used here. Apparently he had not been to Jerusalem since then. He undoubtedly alludes to their conduct then and charges them with the same purpose now.經文:
約翰福音 7:20-7:20
註釋:
{The multitude} (ho ochlos). Outside of Jerusalem (the Galilean crowd as in verses 11f. ) and so unfamiliar with the effort to kill Jesus recorded in 5:18 . It is important in this chapter to distinguish clearly the several groups like the Jewish leaders ( 7:13,15,25,26,30,32 , etc.), the multitude from Galilee and elsewhere ( 10-13,20,31,40,49 ), the common people of Jerusalem ( 25 ), the Roman soldiers ( 45f. ). {Thou hast a devil} (daimonion echeis). "Demon," of course, as always in the Gospels. These pilgrims make the same charge against Jesus made long ago by the Pharisees in Jerusalem in explanation of the difference between John and Jesus ( Mt 11:18 Lu 7:33 ). It is an easy way to make a fling like that. "He is a monomaniac labouring under a hallucination that people wish to kill him" (Dods).經文:
約翰福音 7:21-7:21
註釋:
{One work} (hen ergon). Direct allusion to the healing of the impotent man when in Jerusalem before ( 5:1ff. ). He had wrought others before ( 2:23 4:45 ), but this one on the Sabbath caused the rulers to try to kill Jesus ( 5:18 ). Some wondered then, others had murder in their hearts. This crowd here is ignorant.經文:
約翰福音 7:22-7:22
註釋:
{For this cause} (dia touto). Some would take this phrase with the preceding verb haumazete (ye marvel for this cause). {Hath given} (ded(936b)en). Present active indicative of did(936d)i (permanent state). {Not that it is of Moses, but of the fathers} (ouch hoti ek tou M(9375)se(9373) estin all' ek t(936e) pater(936e)). A parenthesis to explain that circumcision is older in origin than Moses. {And on the sabbath ye circumcise} (kai en sabbat(9369) peritemnete). Adversative use of kai=and yet as in 19 . That is to say, the Jews keep one law (circumcision) by violating another (on the Sabbath, the charge against him in chapter 5, healing on the Sabbath).經文:
約翰福音 7:23-7:23
註釋:
{That the law of Moses may not be broken} (hina m(8820)luth(8869) ho nomos M(9375)se(9373)). Purpose clause with negative m(885c) and first aorist passive subjunctive of lu(935c). They are punctilious about their Sabbath rules and about circumcision on the eighth day. When they clash, they drop the Sabbath rule and circumcise. {Are ye wroth with me?} (emoi chol(8374)e;). Old word from chol(885c) (bile, gall), possibly from chlo(885c) or chl(9372)os (yellowish green). Only here in N.T. So to be mad. With dative. Vivid picture of bitter spleen against Jesus for healing a man on the sabbath when they circumcise on the Sabbath. {A man every whit whole} (holon anthr(9370)on hugi(885c)). Literally, "a whole (holon) man (all the man) sound (hugi(885c), well)," not just one member of the body mended.經文:
約翰福音 7:24-7:24
註釋:
{According to appearance} (kat' opsin). And so, superficially. See 11:44 . Also not "righteous" (dikaian) judgment.經文:
約翰福音 7:25-7:25
註釋:
{Some therefore of them of Jerusalem} (oun tines ek t(936e) Ierosolumeit(936e)). The people of the city in contrast to the multitude of pilgrims at the feast. They form a separate group. The word is made from Ierosoluma and occurs in Josephus and IV Maccabees. In N.T. only here and Mr 1:5 . These Jerusalem people knew better than the pilgrims the designs of the rulers (Vincent). {Is not this?} (ouch houtos estin;). Expecting affirmative answer. Clearly they were not as familiar with the appearance of Jesus as the Galilean multitude (Dods). {They seek} (z(8874)ousin). The plural refers to the group of leaders already present ( 7:15 ) to whom the Jerusalem crowd probably pointed. They knew of their threats to kill Jesus ( 5:18 ).經文:
約翰福音 7:26-7:26
註釋:
{They say nothing unto him} (ouden autoi legousin). But only make sneering comments about him ( 7:16 ) in spite of his speaking "openly" (parr(8873)i(8369), for which word see 7:13 18:20 ) before all. lt was sarcasm about the leaders, though an element of surprise on the part of "these shrewd townsmen" (Bernard) may have existed also. {Can it be that the rulers indeed know} (m(880a)pote al(8874)h(9373) egn(9373)in hoi archontes). Negative answer expected by m(8820)pote and yet there is ridicule of the rulers in the form of the question. See a like use of m(8820)pote in Lu 3:15 , though nowhere else in John. Egn(9373)an (second aorist ingressive active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c)) may refer to the examination of Jesus by these rulers in 5:19ff. and means, "Did they come to know or find out" (and so hold now)? {That this is the Christ} (hoti houtos estin ho Christos). The Messiah of Jewish hope.經文:
約翰福音 7:27-7:27
註釋:
{Howbeit} (alla). Clearly adversative here. {This man} ( outon). Possibly contemptuous use of houtos as may be true in 25,26 . {Whence he is} (pothen estin). The Galilean Jews knew the family of Jesus ( 6:42 ), but they knew Jesus only as from Nazareth, not as born in Bethlehem (verse 42 ). {When the Christ cometh} (ho Christos hotan erch(8874)ai). Prolepsis of ho Christos and indefinite temporal clause with hotan and the present middle subjunctive erch(8874)ai rather than the more usual second aorist active elth(8869) as in verse 31 , a trifle more picturesque. This is a piece of popular theology. "Three things come wholly unexpected--Messiah, a godsend, and a scorpion" (_Sanhedrin_ 97a). The rulers knew the birthplace to be Bethlehem ( 7:42 Mt 2:5f. ), but some even expected the Messiah to drop suddenly from the skies as Satan proposed to Jesus to fall down from the pinnacle of the temple. The Jews generally expected a sudden emergence of the Messiah from concealment with an anointing by Elijah (_Apoc. of Bar_. XXIX. 3; 2Esdr. 7:28; 13:32; Justin Martyr, _Tryph_. 110).經文:
約翰福音 7:28-7:28
註釋:
{And I am not come of myself} (kai ap' emautou ouk el(886c)utha). Kai here="and yet." Jesus repeats the claim of verse 17 and also in 5:30 8:28 12:49 14:10 . {Whom ye know not} (hon humeis ouk oidate). Jesus passes by a controversy over the piece of popular theology to point out their ignorance of God the Father who sent him. He tersely agrees that they know something of him. Jesus says of these Jews that they know not God as in 8:19,55 .經文:
約翰福音 7:29-7:29
註釋:
{I know him} (eg(9320)oida auton). In contrast to the ignorance of these people. See the same words in 8:55 and the same claim in 17:25 Mt 11:27 Lu 10:22 (the Johannine aerolite). "These three words contain the unique claim of Jesus, which is pressed all through the chapters of controversy with the Jews" (Bernard). Jesus is the Interpreter of God to men ( Joh 1:18 ). {And he sent me} (kakeinos me apesteilen). First aorist active indicative of apostell(935c), the very verb used of Jesus when he sent forth the twelve ( Mt 10:5 ) and used by Jesus again of himself in Joh 17:3 . He is the Father's Apostle to men.經文:
約翰福音 7:30-7:30
註釋:
{They sought therefore} (ez(8874)oun oun). Imperfect active of z(8874)e(935c), inchoative or conative, they began to seek. Either makes sense. The subject is naturally some of the Jerusalemites (Westcott) rather than some of the leaders (Bernard). {To take him} (auton piasai). First aorist active infinitive, Doric form from piaz(935c), from the usual piez(935c), occasionally so in the papyri, but piaz(935c) always in N.T. except Lu 6:38 . {And} (kai). Here = "but." {Laid his hand} (epebalen t(886e) cheira). Second aorist active indicative of epiball(935c), to cast upon. Old and common idiom for arresting one to make him a prisoner ( Mt 26:50 ). See repetition in verse 44 . {His hour} (h(8820)h(9372)a autou). In 13:1 we read that "the hour" had come, but that was "not yet" (oup(935c)). "John is at pains to point out at every point that the persecution and death of Jesus followed a predestined course" (Bernard), as in 2:4 7:6,8 8:10 10:39 13:1 , etc. {Was not yet come} (oup(9320)el(886c)uthei). Past perfect active of erchomai, as John looks back on the story.經文:
約翰福音 7:31-7:31
註釋:
{When the Christ shall come} (ho Christos hotan elth(8869)). Proleptic position of ho Christos again as in 27 , but elth(8869) with hotan rather than erch(8874)ai, calling more attention to the consummation (whenever he does come). {Will he do?} (m(8820)poi(8873)ei;). Future active indicative of poie(935c) with m(885c) (negative answer expected). Jesus had won a large portion of the pilgrims (ek tou ochlou polloi) either before this day or during this controversy. The use of episteusan (ingressive aorist active) looks as if many came to believe at this point. These pilgrims had watched closely the proceedings. {Than those which} (h(936e)). One must supply the unexpressed antecedent out(936e) in the ablative case after pleiona (more). Then the neuter plural accusative relative ha (referring to s(886d)eia signs) is attracted to the ablative case of the pronominal antecedent out(936e) (now dropped out). {Hath done} (epoi(8873)en). First aorist active indicative of poie(935c), a timeless constative aorist summing up all the miracles of Jesus so far.經文:
約翰福音 7:32-7:32
註釋:
{The Pharisees} (hoi Pharisaioi). This group of the Jewish rulers ( 7:11,15,25f. ) was particularly hostile to Christ, though already the Sadducees had become critical ( Mt 16:6 ) and they join here (hoi archiereis, the chief priests being Sadducees) in determining to silence Jesus by bringing him before the Sanhedrin. They had heard the whispered talk about Jesus before he arrived ( 7:12f. ) and still more now. {Heard the multitude murmuring} ((886b)ousan tou ochlou gogguzontos). First aorist active indicative of akou(935c) with the genitive case and the descriptive participle of the vivid onomatopoetic verb gogguz(935c) (verse 12 ) now grown louder like the hum of bees. It was the defence of Jesus by a portion of the crowd ( 7:31 ) that irritated the Pharisees. Here the Pharisees take the initiative and enlist the Sadducees in the Sanhedrin (for this combination see 7:45 11:47,57 Mt 21:45 27:62 , the organized court) to send "officers" (hup(8872)etas) "to take him" (hina pias(9373)in auton, final clause with hina and first aorist active subjunctive of piaz(935c) for which verb see verse 30 ). For hup(8872)etas (temple police here) see verse 45 18:3,12,22 19:6 Ac 5:22,26 . For the word see Mt 5:25 Lu 1:2 , "an under rower" (hupo, eret(8873)), any assistant.經文:
約翰福音 7:33-7:33
註釋:
{Yet a little while} (eti chronon mikron). Accusative of extent of time. It was only six months to the last passover of Christ's ministry and he knew that the end was near. {I go unto him that sent me} (hupag(9320)pros ton pempsanta me). See the same words in 16:5 . Hupag(935c), old compound (hupo, ag(935c)), has the notion of withdrawing (literally, go under). See 16:7-10 for three words for going common in John (poreuomai, go for a purpose, aperchomai, to go away, hupag(935c), to withdraw personally). Hupag(935c) often in John of going to the Father or God ( 8:14,21 13:3,33,36 14:4,5,28 15:16 16:4,7,10,17 ). See 6:21 . It was enigmatic language to the hearers.經文:
約翰福音 7:34-7:34
註釋:
{And shall not find me} (kai ouch heur(8873)ete me). Future active indicative of heurisk(935c). Jesus had said: "Seek and ye shall find" ( Mt 7:7 ), but this will be too late. Now they were seeking (verse 30 ) to kill Jesus, then they will seek deliverance, but too late. {Where I am} (hopou eimi eg(935c)). No conflict with verse 33 , but the essential eternal spiritual home of Christ "in absolute, eternal being and fellowship with the Father" (Vincent). {Ye cannot come} (humeis ou dunasthe elthein). This fellowship was beyond the comprehension of these hostile Jews. See the same idea in 7:36 by the Jews; 8:21 to the Jews and then to the disciples with the addition of "now" (arti, 13:33 , un in 13:36 ).經文:
約翰福音 7:35-7:35
註釋:
{Among themselves} (pros heautous). These Jewish leaders of verse 32 talk among themselves about what Jesus said in a spirit of contempt (this man or fellow, houtos). {That} (hoti). Almost result like hoti in Mt 8:27 . {Will he go?} (m(8820)mellei poreuesthai;). Negative answer expected in an ironical question, "Is he about to go?" {Unto the Dispersion among the Greeks} (eis t(886e) diasporan t(936e) Hell(886e)(936e)). Objective genitive (936e) Hell(886e)(936e) (of the Greeks) translated here "among," because it is the Dispersion of Jews among the Greeks. Diaspora is from diaspeir(935c), to scatter apart ( Ac 8:1,4 ). It occurs in Plutarch and is common in the LXX, in the N.T. only here, Jas 1:1 1Pe 1:1 . There were millions of these scattered Jews. {And teach the Greeks} (kai didaskein tous Hell(886e)as). Confessing his failure to teach the Jews in Palestine, "thus ignorantly anticipating the course Christianity took; what seemed unlikely and impossible to them became actual" (Dods).經文:
約翰福音 7:36-7:36
註釋:
{What is this word?} (Tis estin ho logos houtos;). Puzzled and uneasy over this unintelligible saying. Even Peter is distressed over it later (:37).經文:
約翰福音 7:37-7:37
註釋:
{Now on the last day} (en de t(8869) eschat(8869) h(886d)er(8369)). The eighth day which was "an holy convocation," kept as a Sabbath ( Le 33:36 ), apparently observed as a memorial of the entrance into Canaan, hence "the great day of the feast" ( (8869) megal(8869) t(8873) heort(8873)). {Stood and cried} (hist(886b)ei kai ekrasen). Past perfect active of hist(886d)i used as imperfect and intransitive and first aorist active of kraz(935c). Picture Jesus standing (linear) and suddenly crying out (punctiliar). {If any man thirst} (ean tis dips(8369)). Third class condition with ean and present active subjunctive of dipsa(935c), "if any one is thirsty." On each of the seven preceding days water was drawn in a golden pitcher from the pool of Siloam and carried in procession to the temple and offered by the priests as the singers chanted Isa 12:3 : "With joy shall ye draw water out of the wells of salvation." "It is uncertain whether the libations were made upon the eighth day. If they were not made, the significant cessation of the striking rite on this one day of the feast would give a still more fitting occasion for the words" (Westcott).經文:
約翰福音 7:38-7:38
註釋:
{He that believeth on me} (ho pisteu(936e) eis eme). Nominative absolute as is not uncommon. {The scripture} (h(880a)graph(885c)). No precise passage can be quoted, though similar idea in several ( Isa 55:1 58:11 Zec 13:1 14:8 Eze 47:1 Joe 3:18 ). Chrysostom confines it to Isa 28:16 by punctuation (only the nominative absolute as the Scripture). {Out of his belly shall flow rivers of living water} (potamoi ek t(8873) koilias autou reusousin hudatos z(936e)tos). Some ancient Western writers connect pinet(935c) of verse 37 with ho pisteu(936e) in verse 38 . By this arrangement autou (his) with koilias is made to refer to Christ, not to the believer. Burney argues that koilia is a mistranslation of the Aramaic (fountain, not belly) and that the reference is to Eze 47:1 . C.C. Torrey refers to Zec 14:8 . But the Eastern writers refer autou (his) to the believer who not only quenches in Christ his own thirst, but becomes a source of new streams for others ( Joh 4:14 ). It is a difficult question and Westcott finally changed his view and held autou to refer to Christ. Reusousin is future active indicative of e(935c), old verb, to flow, here only in the N.T.經文:
約翰福音 7:39-7:39
註釋:
{Which} (hou). Genitive by attraction of the relative ho (accusative singular object of lambanein) to the case of ou pneumatos (the Spirit) the antecedent. But it is purely grammatical gender (neuter ho because of pneuma) which we do not have in English. Even here one should say "whom," not which, of the Spirit of God. {Were to receive} (emellon lambanein). Imperfect active of mell(935c) with the present active infinitive lambanein, to receive, one of the three constructions with mell(935c) (present, aorist, or future infinitive). Literally, "whom they were about to receive," a clear reference to the great pentecost. {For the Spirit was not yet given} (oup(9320)gar (886e) pneuma). No verb for "given" in the Greek. The reference is not to the existence of the Spirit, but to the dispensation of the Spirit. This same use of eimi like pareimi (to be present) appears in Ac 19:2 of the Spirit's activity. John, writing at the close of the century, inserts this comment and interpretation of the language of Jesus as an allusion to the coming of the Holy Spirit at pentecost (the Promise of the Father). {Because Jesus was not yet glorified} (hoti I(8873)ous oup(9320)edoxasth(885c)). Reason for the previous statement, the pentecostal outpouring following the death of Jesus here called "glorified" (edoxasth(885c), first aorist passive indicative of doxaz(935c)), used later of the death of Jesus ( 12:16 ), even by Jesus himself ( 12:23 13:31 ).經文:
約翰福音 7:40-7:40
註釋:
{Some of the multitude} (ek tou ochlou). Tines (some) to be supplied, a common Greek idiom. {Of a truth} (al(8874)h(9373)). "Truly." See 1:47 . {The prophet} (ho proph(8874)(8873)). The one promised to Moses ( De 18:15 ) and long expected. See on John 氣:21|. Proof of the deep impression made by Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 7:41-7:41
註釋:
{This is the Christ} (houtos estin ho Christos). These went further and dared to call Jesus the Messiah and not merely the prophet who might not be the Messiah. They said it openly. {What} (gar). These denied that Jesus was the Messiah and gave as their reason (gar, for) the fact that he came from Galilee. The use of m(885c) expects a negative answer.經文:
約翰福音 7:42-7:42
註釋:
{The scripture} (h(8820)graph(885c)). The reference is to Mic 5:2 , the very passage quoted by the chief priests and scribes in response to Herod's inquiry ( Mt 2:6 ). This ignorance of the fact that Jesus was actually born in Bethlehem belongs to the Jews, not to John the author of the Gospel.經文:
約翰福音 7:43-7:43
註釋:
{A division} (schisma). A clear split. See Mt 9:16 for the word from schiz(935c), to rend. Used again in Joh 9:16 10:19 .經文:
約翰福音 7:44-7:44
註釋:
{Would have taken him} ((8874)helon pi(8373)ai auton). Imperfect active of hel(935c) and first aorist active infinitive of piaz(935c), "were wishing to seize him." See verse 30 for a like impulse and restraint, there epebalen ep' auton, here ebalen ep' auton (simple verb, not compound).經文:
約翰福音 7:45-7:45
註釋:
{Why did ye not bring him?} (Dia ti ouk (8867)agete auton;). Second aorist active indicative of ag(935c). Indignant outburst of the Sanhedrin (both Sadducees and Pharisees) at the failure of the ( ous, note article here referring to verse 32 ) temple police to arrest Jesus. "Apparently they were sitting in expectation of immediately questioning him" (Dods). They were stunned at this outcome.經文:
約翰福音 7:46-7:46
註釋:
{Never man so spake} (oudepote elal(8873)en hout(9373) anthr(9370)os). Police officers are not usually carried away by public speech. They had fallen under the power of Jesus "as the Galilean peasants had been impressed" (Bernard) in verses 28f . It was the words of Jesus that had so gripped these officers, not his works ( 15:24 ). It was most disconcerting to the Sanhedrin.經文:
約翰福音 7:47-7:47
註釋:
{Are ye also led astray?} (M(8820)kai humeis peplan(8873)the;). The Pharisees took the lead in this scornful sneer at the officers. The use of m(885c) formally expects a negative answer as in 4:29 , but the Pharisees really believed it. See also 6:67 . The verb form is perfect passive indicative of plana(935c), for which see verse 12 with perhaps an allusion to that phase of opinion.經文:
約翰福音 7:48-7:48
註釋:
{Hath any of the rulers believed on him?} (M(8820)tis ek t(936e) archont(936e) episteusen eis auton;). Negative answer sharply expected. First aorist active indicative of pisteu(935c). "Did any one of the rulers believe on him?" "What right have subordinates to have a mind of their own?" (Dods). These police were employed by the temple authorities (rulers). "Power was slipping through their fingers" (Dods) and that was the secret of their hostility to Jesus. {Or of the Pharisees} ((8820)ek t(936e) Pharisai(936e)). A wider circle and the most orthodox of all.經文:
約翰福音 7:49-7:49
註釋:
{This multitude} (ho ochlos houtos). The Pharisees had a scorn for the _amhaaretz_ or "people of the earth" (cf. our "clod-hoppers") as is seen in rabbinic literature. It was some of the ochlos (multitude at the feast especially from Galilee) who had shown sympathy with Jesus ( 7:12,28f. ). {Which knoweth not the law} (ho m(8820)ginosk(936e)). Present active articular participle of gin(9373)k(935c) with m(885c) usual negative of the participle in the _Koin(825f). "No brutish man is sin-fearing, nor is one of the people of the earth pious" (_Aboth_, II. 6). See the amazement of the Sanhedrin at Peter and John in Ac 4:13 as "unlettered and private men" (agrammatoi kai idi(9374)ai). No wonder the common people (ochlos) heard Jesus gladly ( Mr 12:37 ). The rabbis scouted and scorned them. {Are accursed} (eparatoi eisin). Construction according to sense (plural verb and adjective with collective singular ochlos). Eparatoi is old verbal adjective from eparaomai, to call down curses upon, here only in the N.T.經文:
約翰福音 7:50-7:50
註釋:
{Nicodemus} (Nikod(886d)os). Not heard from since chapter 3 when he timidly came to Jesus by night. Now he boldly protests against the injustice of condemning Jesus unheard. He appears once more (and only in John) in 19:39 with Joseph of Arimathea as a secret disciple of Jesus. He is a Pharisee and a member of the Sanhedrin and his present act is courageous. {Saith} (legei). Dramatic present active indicative as in 2:3 . {Before} (proteron). This is genuine, a reference to the visit in chapter 3, but uktos (by night) is not genuine here. {Being one of them} (heis (936e) ex aut(936e)). As a member of the Sanhedrin he takes up the challenge in verse 48 . He is both ruler and Pharisee.經文:
約翰福音 7:51-7:51
註釋:
{Doth our law judge a man?} (m(8820)ho nomos h(886d)(936e) krinei ton anthr(9370)on;). Negative answer expected and "the man," not "a man." These exponents of the law (verse 49 ) were really violating the law of criminal procedure ( Ex 23:1 De 1:16 ). Probably Nicodemus knew that his protest was useless, but he could at least show his colours and score the point of justice in Christ's behalf. {Except it first hear from himself} (ean m(880a)akous(8869) pr(9374)on par' autou). Third-class negative condition with ean m(885c) and first aorist active subjunctive of akou(935c). That is common justice in all law, to hear a man's side of the case ("from him," par' autou). {And know what he doeth} (kai gn(9369) ti poiei). Continuation of the same condition with second aorist active subjunctive of gin(9373)k(935c) with indirect question and present active indicative ( i poiei). There was no legal answer to the point of Nicodemus.經文:
約翰福音 7:52-7:52
註釋:
{Art thou also of Galilee?} (M(8820)kai su ek t(8873) Galilaias ei;). Formally negative answer expected by m(885c), but really they mean to imply that Nicodemus from local feeling or prejudice has lined himself up with this Galilean mob (ochlos) of sympathizers with Jesus and is like Jesus himself a Galilean. "These aristocrats of Jerusalem had a scornful contempt for the rural Galileans" (Bernard). {That out of Galilee ariseth no prophet} (hoti ek t(8873) Galilaias proph(8874)(8873) ouk egeiretai). As a matter of fact Jonah, Hosea, Nahum, possibly also Elijah, Elisha, and Amos were from Galilee. It was simply the rage of the Sanhedrin against Jesus regardless of the facts. Westcott suggests that they may have reference to the future, but that is a mere excuse for them.經文:
約翰福音 7:53-7:53
註釋:
This verse and through 8:12 (the passage concerning the woman taken in adultery) is certainly not a genuine part of John's Gospel. The oldest and best MSS. (Aleph A B C L W) do not have it. It first appears in Codex Bezae. Some MSS. put it at the close of John's Gospel and some place it in Luke. It is probably a true story for it is like Jesus, but it does not belong to John's Gospel. The Canterbury Version on which we are commenting puts the passage in brackets. Westcott and Hort place it at the end of the Gospel. With this explanation we shall proceed. {They went} (eporeuth(8873)an). First aorist passive indicative of poreuomai used as a deponent verb without passive idea. In this context the verb has to refer to the Sanhedrin with a rather pointless contrast to Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 8:1-8:1
註釋:
{But Jesus went} (I(8873)ous de eporeuth(885c)). Same deponent use of poreuomai as in 7:53 and in contrast to the Sanhedrin's conduct, though it seems "pointless" (Dods). Apparently Jesus was lodging in the home of Mary, Martha, and Lazarus.經文:
約翰福音 8:2-8:2
註釋:
{Early in the morning} (orthrou). Genitive of time, orthros meaning daybreak, old word, not in John, though in Lu 24:1 Ac 5:21 . John uses pr(9369) ( 18:28 20:1 21:4 ). {He came again into the temple} (palin paregeneto eis to hieron). If the paragraph is genuine, the time is the next day after the eighth and last day of the feast. If not genuine, there is no way of telling the time of this apparently true incident. {And all the people came unto him} (kai p(8373) ho laos (8872)cheto pros auton). Imperfect middle of erchomai picturing the enthusiasm of the whole (pas) crowd now as opposed to the divisions in chapter 7. {Taught} (edidasken). Imperfect active of didask(935c). He took his seat (kathisas, ingressive active participle of kathiz(935c)) as was customary for Jesus and began to teach (inchoative imperfect). So the picture.經文:
約翰福音 8:3-8:3
註釋:
{The scribes and the Pharisees} (hoi grammateis kai hoi Pharisaioi). John does not mention "scribes," though this combination (note two articles) is common enough in the Synoptics ( Lu 5:30 6:7 , etc.). {Bring} (agousin). Vivid dramatic present active indicative of ag(935c). Dods calls this "in itself an unlawful thing to do" since they had a court for the trial of such a case. Their purpose is to entrap Jesus. {Taken in adultery} (epi moichei(8369) kateilemmen(886e)). Perfect passive participle of katalamban(935c), old compound to seize ( Mr 9:18 ), to catch, to overtake ( Joh 12:35 ), to overcome (or overtake) in 1:5 . {Having let her in the midst} (st(8873)antes aut(886e) en mes(9369)). First aorist active (transitive) participle of hist(886d)i. Here all could see her and what Jesus did with such a case. They knew his proneness to forgive sinners.經文:
約翰福音 8:4-8:4
註釋:
{Hath been taken} (kateil(8870)tai). Perfect passive indicative of katalamban(935c) (see verse 3 ), caught and still guilty. {In adultery} (moicheuomen(885c)). Present passive participle of moicheu(935c), "herself suffering adultery" ( Mt 5:32 ). Used of married people. Not in John. {In the very act} (ep' autoph(9372)(9369)). Old adjective (autoph(9372)os, autos, self, and ph(9372), thief) caught in the act of theft, then extended to any crime in which one is caught. Old idiom, but not elsewhere in the Greek Bible. One example in a Berlin papyrus.經文:
約翰福音 8:5-8:5
註釋:
{Commanded} (eneteilato). First aorist middle indicative of entell(935c), old verb to enjoin ( Mt 4:6 ). {To stone such} ( as toiautas lithazein). Present active infinitive of lithaz(935c) (from lithos), from Aristotle on. Stoning was specified for the case of a betrothed woman guilty of adultery ( De 22:23f. ) and for a priest's daughter if guilty. In other cases just death was commanded ( Le 20:10 De 22:22 ). The Talmud prescribes strangulation. This case may have strictly come within the regulation as a betrothed virgin. {What then sayest thou of her?} (su oun ti legeis;). "Thou then, what dost thou say?" This was the whole point, to catch Jesus, not to punish the woman.經文:
約翰福音 8:6-8:6
註釋:
{Tempting him} (peirazontes auton). Evil sense of this present active participle of peiraz(935c), as so often ( Mr 8:11 10:2 , etc.). {That they might have whereof to accuse him} (hina ech(9373)in kat(8867)orein autou). Purpose clause with hina and present active subjunctive of ech(935c). This laying of traps for Jesus was a common practice of his enemies ( Lu 11:16 , etc.). Note present active infinitive of kat(8867)ore(935c) (see Mt 12:10 for the verb) to go on accusing (with genitive autou). It was now a habit with these rabbis. {Stooped down} (kat(9320)kupsas). First aorist active participle of kupt(935c), old verb to bow the head, to bend forward, in N.T. only here and verse 8 Mr 1:7 . The use of kat(935c) (down) gives a vivid touch to the picture. {With his finger} ( (9369) daktul(9369)). Instrumental case of daktulos for which see Mt 23:4 . {Wrote on the ground} (kategraphen eis t(886e) g(886e)). Imperfect active of katagraph(935c), old compound, here only in N.T., to draw, to delineate, to write down, apparently inchoative, began to write on the sand as every one has done sometimes. The only mention of writing by Jesus and the use of katagraph(935c) leaves it uncertain whether he was writing words or drawing pictures or making signs. If we only knew what he wrote! Certainly Jesus knew how to write. And yet more books have been written about this one who wrote nothing that is preserved than any other person or subject in human history. There is a tradition that Jesus wrote down the names and sins of these accusers. That is not likely. They were written on their hearts. Jesus alone on this occasion showed embarrassment over this woman's sin.經文:
約翰福音 8:7-8:7
註釋:
{When they continued asking} (h(9373) epemenon er(9374)(936e)tes). Imperfect active indicative of epimen(935c) (waiting in addition or still, epi, old verb) with supplementary active participle of er(9374)a(935c), to question. See same construction in Ac 12:16 The verb epimen(935c) does not occur in John. They saw that Jesus seemed embarrassed, but did not know that it was as much because of "the brazen hardness of the prosecutors" as because of the shame of the deed. {He lifted himself up} (anekupsen). First aorist active indicative of anakupt(935c), the opposite of katakupt(935c), to bend down (verse 8 ) or of kat(9320)kupt(935c) (verse 6 ). {He that is without sin} (ho anamart(8874)os). Verbal adjective (an privative and hamart(8874)os from hamartan(935c)), old word, either one who has not sinned as here and De 29:19 or one who cannot sin, not in the N.T. {Among you} (hum(936e)). Objective genitive. {First cast} (pr(9374)os balet(935c)). The nominative pr(9374)os means first before others, be the first to cast, not cast before he does something else. See 20:4 . The verb is second aorist imperative of all(935c), old verb to fling or cast. Jesus thus picks out the executioner in the case.經文:
約翰福音 8:8-8:8
註釋:
{Again he stooped down} (palin katakupsas). First aorist active participle of katakupt(935c), old and rare verb (in Epictetus II, 16. 22) instead of kat(9320)kupsas in verse 6 . {With his finger} ( (9369) daktul(9369)). Not genuine, only in D and Western class. {Wrote on the ground} (egraphen eis t(886e) g(886e)). Imperfect active of the simplex graph(935c), not katagraph(935c). The second picture of Jesus writing on the ground.經文:
約翰福音 8:9-8:9
註釋:
{Went out} (ex(8872)chonto). Inchoative imperfect. Graphic picture. {One by one} (heis kath' heis). Not a Johannine phrase, but in Mr 14:19 where also the second nominative is retained as if kath' (kata) is regarded as a mere adverb and not as a preposition. {Beginning from the eldest} (arxamenoi apo t(936e) presbuter(936e)). "From the elder (comparative form, common in _Koin(825f) as superlative) men," as was natural for they had more sins of this sort which they recalled. "They are summoned to judge themselves rather than the woman" (Dods). {Was left alone} (kateleiphth(8820)monos). First aorist effective passive indicative of kataleip(935c), to leave behind, with predicate nominative monos. "Jesus was left behind alone." {And the woman, where she was, in the midst} (kai h(8820)gun(8820)en mes(9369) ousa). The woman was left behind also "being in the midst" as they had placed her (verse 3 ) before they were conscience stricken and left.經文:
約翰福音 8:10-8:10
註釋:
{Lifted up himself} (anakupsas). First aorist active participle of anakupt(935c) as in verse 7 . {Where are they?} (Pou eisin;). Jesus had kept on writing on the ground as the accusers had slipped away one by one. {Did no man condemn thee?} (oudeis se katekrinen;). First aorist active indicative of katakrin(935c), old and common verb to give judgment against (down on) one, but not in John. No one dared to cast a stone at the woman on Christ's terms.經文:
約翰福音 8:11-8:11
註釋:
{No man, Lord} (Oudeis, Kurie). "No one, Sir." She makes no excuse for her sin. Does she recognize Jesus as "Lord"? {Neither do I condemn thee} (Oude eg(9320)se katakrin(935c)). Jesus does not condone her sin. See 8:15 for "I do not judge (condemn) any one." But he does give the poor woman another chance. {Henceforth sin no more} (apo tou nun m(886b)eti hamartane). See also 5:14 where this same language is used to the impotent man. It literally means (prohibition with present active imperative): "Henceforth no longer go on sinning." One can only hope that the woman was really changed in heart and life. Jesus clearly felt that even a wicked woman can be saved.經文:
約翰福音 8:12-8:12
註釋:
{Again therefore} (palin oun). This language fits in better with 7:52 than with 8:11 . Just suppose Jesus is in the temple on the following day. {Unto them} (autois). The Pharisees and crowds in the temple after the feast was past. {I am the light of the world} (eg(9320)eimi to ph(9373) tou kosmou). Jesus had called his followers "the light of the world" ( Mt 5:14 ), but that was light reflected from him. Already Jesus (the Logos) had been called the true light of men ( 1:9 3:19 ). The Psalmist calls God his Light ( 27:1 ). So Isa 60:19 . At the feast of tabernacles in the Court of the Women where Jesus was on this day ( 8:20 ) there were brilliant candelabra and there was the memory of the pillar of cloud by day and of fire by night. But with all this background this supreme and exclusive claim of Jesus (repeated in 9:5 ) to being the light of the whole world (of Gentiles as well as of Jews) startled the Pharisees and challenged their opposition. {Shall have the light of life} (hexei to ph(9373) t(8873) z(9388)s). The light which springs from and issues in life (Westcott). Cf. 6:33,51 about Jesus being the Bread of Life. In this sublime claim we come to a decisive place. It will not do to praise Jesus and deny his deity. Only as the Son of God can we justify and accept this language which otherwise is mere conceit and froth.經文:
約翰福音 8:13-8:13
註釋:
{Of thyself} (peri seautou). This technical objection was according to the rules of evidence among the rabbis. "No man can give witness for himself" (_Mishnah, Ketub_. 11. 9). Hence, they say, "not true" (ouk al(8874)hes), not pertinent. "They were still in the region of pedantic rules and external tests." In Joh 5:31 Jesus acknowledged this technical need of further witness outside of his own claims ( Joh 19-30 ) and proceeded to give it ( Joh 32-47 ) in the testimony of the Baptist, of the Father, of his works, of the Scriptures, and of Moses in particular.經文:
約翰福音 8:14-8:14
註釋:
{Even if} (kan). That is kai ean, a condition of the third class with the present active subjunctive martur(935c). Jesus means that his own witness concerning himself is true (al(8874)hes) even if it contravenes their technical rules of evidence. He can and does tell the truth all by himself concerning himself. {For I know whence I came and whither I go} (hoti oida pothen (886c)thon kai pou hupag(935c)). In this terse sentence with two indirect questions Jesus alludes to his pre-existence with the Father before his Incarnation as in 17:5 and to the return to the Father after the death and resurrection as in 13:3 14:2f . He again puts both ideas together in one crisp clause in 16:28 for the apostles who profess to understand him then. But here these Pharisees are blind to the words of Jesus. "But ye know not whence I come nor whither I go" (humeis de ouk oidate pothen erchomai (8820)pou hupag(935c)). He had spoken of his heavenly destiny ( 7:33 ). Jesus alone knew his personal consciousness of his coming from, fellowship with, and return to the Father. Stier (_Words of the Lord Jesus_) argues that one might as well say to the sun, if claiming to be the sun, that it was night, because it bore witness of itself. The answer is the shining of the sun.經文:
約翰福音 8:15-8:15
註釋:
{After the flesh} (kata t(886e) sarka). According to the standards of the flesh ( 2Co 5:16 ). The Baptist had said: "There stands one among you whom ye know not" ( Joh 1:26 ). The Light of the World had come, but they loved darkness rather than light ( 3:19 ), because the god of this age had blinded their thoughts so that they could not see the illumination of the gospel of the glory of Christ who is the image of God ( 2Co 4:4 ).經文:
約翰福音 8:16-8:16
註釋:
{Yea and if I judge} (kai ean krin(9320)de eg(935c)). "And even if I pass judgment." Condition of third class again. {True} (al(8874)hin(8829). See 1:9 for al(8874)hinos, genuine, soundly based (cf. dikaia in 5:30 ), "satisfying our perfect conception" (Westcott), not merely true (al(8874)hes) in the particular facts (verse 14 ). {For I am not alone} (hoti monos ouk eimi). Jesus now takes up the technical criticism in verse 13 after justifying his right to speak concerning himself. {But I and the Father that sent me} (all eg(9320)kai ho pempsas me pat(8872)). See 16:32 for a like statement about the Father being with Christ. It is not certain that pat(8872) is genuine here (omitted by Aleph D, but in B L W), but the Father is clearly meant as in 7:18,33 . Jesus gives the Father as the second witness.經文:
約翰福音 8:17-8:17
註釋:
{Yea and in your law} (kai en t(9369) nom(9369) de t(9369) humeter(9369)). Same use of kai--de as in verse 16 . They claimed possession of the law ( 7:49 ) and so Jesus takes this turn in answer to the charge of single witness in verse 13 . He will use similar language (your law) in 10:34 in an _argumentum ad hominem_ as here in controversy with the Jews. In 15:24 to the apostles Jesus even says "in their law" in speaking of the hostile Jews plotting his death. He does not mean in either case to separate himself wholly from the Jews and the law, though in Matthew 5 he does show the superiority of his teaching to that of the law. For the Mosaic regulation about two witnesses see De 17:6 19:15 . This combined witness of two is not true just because they agree, unless true in fact separately. But if they disagree, the testimony falls to the ground. In this case the Father confirms the witness of the Son as Jesus had already shown ( 5:37 ).經文:
約翰福音 8:18-8:18
註釋:
{The Father} (ho pat(8872)). Clearly genuine here. So these are the two witnesses that Jesus presents to the Pharisees in defence of his claim to be the Light of the World (verse 12 ).經文:
約翰福音 8:19-8:19
註釋:
{Where is thy Father?} (pou estin ho pat(8872) sou;). "The testimony of an unseen and unheard witness would not satisfy them" (Vincent). Bernard understands the Pharisees to see that Jesus claims God the Father as his second witness and so ask "where," not "who" he is. Augustine has it: _Patrem Christi carnaliter acceperunt_, Christ's human father, as if the Pharisees were "misled perhaps by the Lord's use of anthr(9370)on (verse 17 )" (Dods). Cyril even took it to be a coarse allusion to the birth of Jesus as a bastard according to the Talmud. Perhaps the Pharisees used the question with _double entendre_, even with all three ideas dancing in their hostile minds. {Ye would know my Father also} (kai ton patera mou an (8869)deite). Conclusion of second-class condition determined as unfulfilled with an and second perfect active of oida used as imperfect in both condition and conclusion. See this same point made to Philip in 14:9 . In 14:7 Jesus will use gin(9373)k(935c) in the condition and oida in the conclusion. The ignorance of the Pharisees about Jesus proves it and is due to their ignorance of the Father. See this point more fully stated in 5:36-38 when Jesus had his previous controversy in Jerusalem. In 7:28 Jesus said that they knew his home in Nazareth, but he denied then that they knew the Father who sent him. Jesus will again on this occasion ( 8:55 ) deny their knowledge of the Father. Later he will deny their knowledge of the Father and of the Son ( 16:3 ). The Pharisees are silenced for the moment.經文:
約翰福音 8:20-8:20
註釋:
{In the treasury} (en t(9369) gazophulaki(9369)). See already Mr 12:41 Lu 21:1 for this word for the treasure-chambers of the temple. "It abutted on the Court of the Women, and against its walls were placed chests, trumpet-like in form, as receptacles for the offerings of the worshippers" (Bernard). The Persian word _gaza_ (treasure) occurs only once in the N.T. ( Ac 8:27 ) and the compound (phulak(885c), guard) only here in John. Jesus hardly taught within a treasure-chamber. It probably means "at the treasury in the temple." This court was probably the most public part of the temple (Vincent). {And} (kai)="and yet" as in 1:10 , etc. {Because his hour was not yet come} (hoti oup(930a)el(886c)uthei h(8820)h(9372)a autou). {Reason} (hoti) given why no one seized (epiasen, cf. 7:30 ) him. El(886c)uthei is past perfect active of erchomai, "had not yet come." This very use of h(9372)a appears in 2:4 and the very clause in 7:30 which see.經文:
約翰福音 8:21-8:21
註釋:
{Again} (palin). Probably palin (again) in verse 12 refers to a day after the feast is over since the last day is mentioned in 7:37 . So then here again we probably move on to another day still beyond that in verse 12 . {And ye shall seek me} (kai z(8874)(8873)ete me). As in 7:34 , "the search of despair" (Bernard), seeking for the Messiah when it is too late, the tragedy of Judaism today ( 1:11 ). {And ye shall die in your sin} (kai en t(8869) hamarti(8369) hum(936e) apothaneisthe). Future middle indicative of apothn(8873)k(935c) which is the emphatic word here (cf. Eze 3:18 18:18 Pr 24:9 ). Note singular hamarti(8369) (sin) here, but plural hamartiais (sins) when the phrase is repeated in verse 24 (sin in its essence, sin in its acts). {Ye cannot come} (humeis ou dunasthe elthein). Precise language of 7:34 to the Jews and to the apostles in 13:33 .經文:
約翰福音 8:22-8:22
註釋:
{Will he kill himself?} (m(8874)i apoktenei heauton;). Negative answer formally expected, but there is a manifest sneer in the query. "The mockery in these words is alike subtle and bitter" (Vincent). It was a different group of Jews in 7:31 who cynically suggested that he was going to work among the Greeks in the Dispersion. Here they infer that Jesus refers to the next world. They suggest the depths of Gehenna for him as the abode of suicides (Josephus, _War_ III. viii. 5). Of course the rabbis could not join Jesus there! Edersheim argues against this view.經文:
約翰福音 8:23-8:23
註釋:
{Ye are from beneath} (humeis ek t(936e) kat(935c)). This language, peculiar to John, could take up the idea in Josephus that these rabbis came from Gehenna whence they will go as children of the devil ( 8:44 ), but the use of ek tou kosmou toutou ("of this world" in origin) as parallel to what we have here seems to prove that the contrast between kat(935c) and an(935c) here is between the earthly (sensual) and the heavenly as in Jas 3:15-17 . See also Col 3:1 . This is the only use of kat(935c) in John (except 8:6 ). These proud rabbis had their origin in this world of darkness ( 1:9 ) with all its limitations. {I am from above} (eg(9320)ek t(936e) an(9320)eimi). The contrast is complete in origin and character, already stated in 3:31 , and calculated to intensify their anger.經文:
約翰福音 8:24-8:24
註釋:
{For except ye believe} (ean gar m(8820)pisteus(8874)e). Negative condition of third class with ean m(885c) and ingressive aorist active subjunctive of pisteu(935c), "For unless ye come to believe." {That I am he} (hoti eg(9320)eimi). Indirect discourse, but with no word in the predicate after the copula eimi. Jesus can mean either "that I am from above" (verse 23 ), "that I am the one sent from the Father or the Messiah" ( 7:18,28 ), "that I am the Light of the World" ( 8:12 ), "that I am the Deliverer from the bondage of sin" ( 8:28,31f.,36 ), "that I am" without supplying a predicate in the absolute sense as the Jews ( De 32:39 ) used the language of Jehovah (cf. Isa 43:10 where the very words occur hina pisteus(8874)e--hoti eg(9320)eimi). The phrase eg(9320)eimi occurs three times here ( 8:24,28,58 ) and also in 13:19 . Jesus seems to claim absolute divine being as in 8:58 .經文:
約翰福音 8:25-8:25
註釋:
{Who art thou?} (Su tis ei;). Proleptic use of su before is, "Thou, who art thou?" Cf. 1:19 . He had virtually claimed to be the Messiah and on a par with God as in 5:15 . They wish to pin him down and to charge him with blasphemy. {Even that which I have also spoken unto you from the beginning} ( (886e) arch(886e) hoti kai lal(9320)humin). A difficult sentence. It is not clear whether it is an affirmation or a question. The Latin and Syriac versions treat it as affirmative. Westcott and Hort follow Meyer and take it as interrogative. The Greek fathers take it as an exclamation. It seems clear that the adverbial accusative (886e) arch(886e) cannot mean "from the beginning" like ap' arch(8873) ( 15:27 ) or ex arch(8873) ( 16:4 ). The LXX has (886e) arch(886e) for "at the beginning" or "at the first" ( Ge 43:20 ). There are examples in Greek, chiefly negative, where (886e) arch(886e) means "at all," "essentially," "primarily." Vincent and Bernard so take it here, "Primarily what I am telling you." Jesus avoids the term Messiah with its political connotations. He stands by his high claims already made.經文:
約翰福音 8:26-8:26
註釋:
{I have many things to speak and to judge concerning you} (polla ech(9320)peri hum(936e) lalein kai krinein). Instead of further talk about his own claims (already plain enough) Jesus turns to speak and to judge concerning them and their attitude towards him (cf. verse 16 ). Whatever they think of Jesus the Father who sent him is true (al(8874)h(8873)). They cannot evade responsibility for the message heard. So Jesus goes on speaking it from the Father.經文:
約翰福音 8:27-8:27
註釋:
{They perceived not} (ouk egn(9373)an). Second aorist active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c). "Preoccupied as they were with thoughts of an earthly deliverer" (Westcott) and prejudiced against recognizing Jesus as the one sent from God. {That he spake to them of the Father} (hoti ton patera autois elegen). Indirect assertion, but with the present indicative (legei) changed to the imperfect (elegen) as was sometimes done ( 2:25 ) after a secondary tense.經文:
約翰福音 8:28-8:28
註釋:
{When ye have lifted up the Son of man} (hotan hups(9373)(8874)e ton huion tou anthr(9370)ou). Indefinite temporal clause with hotan (hote + an) and the first aorist active subjunctive of hupso(935c), to lift up (_Koin(825f) verb from hupsos, height), used several times in John of the Cross of Christ ( 3:14 8:28 12:32,34 ). It is unnecessary to render the aorist subjunctive as if a future perfect, simply "whenever ye lift up" (actually lift up, ingressive aorist). In Ac 2:33 the verb is used of the Ascension. {Shall ye know} (gn(9373)esthe). Future (ingressive aoristic) middle of gin(9373)k(935c). _Cognoscetis ex re quod nunc ex verbo non creditis_ (Bengel). But the knowledge from the facts like the fall of Jerusalem will come too late and will not bring a change of heart. The Holy Spirit will convict them concerning judgment ( 16:8 ). For {I am} (eg(9320)eimi) see on verse 氧4|. {As the Father taught me} (Kath(9373) edidasken me ho pat(8872)). This claim Jesus repeats (see verse 26 ) and clearly makes on his arrival at the feast ( 7:16f. ). This fact marks Jesus off from the rabbis.經文:
約翰福音 8:29-8:29
註釋:
{Is with me} (met' emou estin). The Incarnation brought separation from the Father in one sense, but in essence there is complete harmony and fellowship as he had already said ( 8:16 ) and will expand in 17:21-26 . {He hath not left me alone} (ouk aph(886b)en me monon). First aorist active indicative of aphi(886d)i. "He did not leave me alone." However much the crowds and the disciples misunderstood or left Jesus, the Father always comforted and understood him ( Mr 6:46 Mt 14:23 Joh 6:15 ). {That are pleasing to him} ( a aresta aut(9369)). This old verbal adjective, from aresk(935c), to please, in N.T. only here, Ac 6:2 12:3 1Jo 3:32 . The joy of Jesus was in doing the will of the Father who sent him ( 4:34 ).經文:
約翰福音 8:30-8:30
註釋:
{Many believed on him} (polloi episteusan eis auton). Ingressive aorist active indicative, came to believe, nominally at any rate, as in 2:23 . But the tension was keen and Jesus proceeded to test the faith of these new believers from among the Pharisees.經文:
約翰福音 8:31-8:31
註釋:
{Which had believed him} ( ous pepisteukotas aut(9369)). Articular perfect active participle of pisteu(935c) with dative aut(9369) (trusted him) rather than eis auton (on him) in verse 30 . They believed him (cf. 6:30 ) as to his claims to being the Messiah with their own interpretation ( 6:15 ), but they did not commit themselves to him and may represent only one element of those in verse 30 , but see 2:23 for pisteu(9320)eis there. {If ye abide in my word} (ean humeis mein(8874)e en t(9369) log(9369) t(9369) em(9369)). Third-class condition with ean and first aorist (constative) active subjunctive. {Are ye truly my disciples} (al(8874)h(9373) math(8874)ai mou este). Your future loyalty to my teaching will prove the reality of your present profession. So the conclusion of this future condition is put in the present tense. As then, so now. We accept church members on _profession_ of trust in Christ. Continuance in the word (teaching) proves the sincerity or insincerity of the profession. It is the acid test of life.經文:
約翰福音 8:32-8:32
註釋:
{And ye shall know the truth} (kai gn(9373)esthe t(886e) al(8874)heian). Truth is one of the marks of Christ ( 1:14 ) and Jesus will claim to Thomas to be the personification of truth ( 14:6 ). But it will be for them knowledge to be learned by doing God's will ( 7:17 ). The word is from al(8874)h(8873) (a privative and l(8874)h(935c), to conceal, unsealed, open). See also verses 40,44,45 . {And the truth shall make you free} (kai h(880a)al(8874)heia eleuther(9373)ei humas). Future active indicative of eleuthero(935c), old verb from eleutheros (from erchomai, to go where one wishes and so free). One of Paul's great words for freedom from the bondage of the law ( Ro 6:18 Ga 5:1 ). The freedom of which Jesus here speaks is freedom from the slavery of sin as Paul in Ro 8:2 . See Joh 8:36 . This freedom is won alone by Christ ( 8:36 ) and we are sanctified in truth ( 17:19 ). In 1:17 truth is mentioned with grace as one of the marks of the gospel through Christ. Freedom (intellectual, moral, spiritual) is only attainable when we are set free from darkness, sin, ignorance, superstition and let the Light of the World shine on us and in us.經文:
約翰福音 8:33-8:33
註釋:
Rom. 9:6f. 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = 'Rom.' or engs='Rom.'經文:
約翰福音 8:34-8:34
註釋:
{Every one that committeth sin is the bondservant of sin} (pas ho poi(936e) t(886e) hamartian doulos estin [t(8873) hamartias]). The Western class omits (8873) hamartias (sin), but that is the idea anyhow. Note the use of poi(936e) (present active participle, continuous habit or practice), not poi(8873)as (aorist active participle for single act), precisely as in 1Jo 3:4-8 . Note also 3:21 for ho poi(936e) t(886e) al(8874)heian (the one who practises the truth). Sin, like the worst narcotic, is habit forming. Hence the problem today for criminologists for paroled or pardoned criminals nearly always go back to crime, sink again into sin, the slaves of sin. Xenophon has this notion of the slavery of sin (_Memor_. IV. 5. 3). So Paul clearly in Ro 6:17,20 "slaves of sin" (douloi t(8873) hamartias).經文:
約翰福音 8:35-8:35
註釋:
{The bondservant} (ho doulos) ... {the son} (ho huios). There is a change in the metaphor by this contrast between the positions of the son and the slave in the house. The slave has no footing or tenure and may be cast out at any moment while the son is the heir and has a permanent place. Cf. Ishmael and Isaac ( Ge 21:10 ) and Paul's use of it in Ga 4:30 . We do not know that there is any reference here to Hagar and Ishmael. See also Heb 3:5 ( Nu 12:7 ) for a like contrast between Moses as servant ( herap(936e)) in God's house and Christ as Son (huios) over God's house.經文:
約翰福音 8:36-8:36
註釋:
{If therefore the son shall make you free} (ean oun ho huios humas eleuther(9373)(8869)). Condition of third class with ean and first aorist (ingressive) active subjunctive. "If therefore the Son set you free," as he has the power to do. {Ye shall be free indeed} (ont(9373) eleutheroi esesthe). Old and common adverb from participle ont(936e), actually, really (cf. Lu 24:34 ). But this spiritual freedom was beyond the concept or wish of these Jews.經文:
約翰福音 8:37-8:37
註釋:
{Yet ye seek to kill me} (alla z(8874)eite me apokteinai). As at the recent feast ( 7:20,25,30,32 8:20 ). Some of these very professed believers were even now glowering with murderous vengeance. {Hath not free course in you} (ou ch(9372)ei en humin). Intransitive use of ch(9372)e(935c), old verb from ch(9372)os (space, place), to have space or room for. They would not abide in Christ's word (verse 31 ). They had no longer room for his word when once they understood the spiritual aspect of his message. Jerusalem was now just like Galilee once before ( 6:60-66 ).經文:
約翰福音 8:38-8:38
註釋:
{With my Father} (para t(9369) patri). Locative case of pat(8872) and article used as possessive (common idiom), "by the side of my Father," picture of intimate fellowship like pros ton theon (face to face with God) in 1:1 . {From your father} (para tou patros). Ablative case with para (from the side of) and same possessive use of ou in each instance, though "the" will really answer both times. But ho pat(8872) does not mean the same person. Christ's Father by contrast is not their father.經文:
約翰福音 8:39-8:39
註釋:
{Our father is Abraham} (ho pat(8872) h(886d)(936e) Abraam estin). They saw the implication and tried to counter it by repeating their claim in verse 33 which was true so far as physical descent went as Jesus had admitted (verse 37 ). {If ye were} (ei este). Strictly, "if ye are" as ye claim, a condition of the first class assumed to be true. {Ye would do} (epoieite an). Read by C L N and a corrector of Aleph while W omits an. This makes a mixed condition (protasis of the first class, apodosis of the second. See Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 1022). But B reads poieite like the Sin. Syriac which has to be treated as imperative (so Westcott and Hort).經文:
約翰福音 8:40-8:40
註釋:
{But now} ( un de). Clear statement that they are not doing "the works of Abraham" in seeking to kill him. See this use of un de after a condition of second class without an in Joh 16:22,24 . {This did not Abraham} ( outo Abraam ouk epoi(8873)en). Blunt and pointed of their unlikeness to Abraham. {A man that hath told you the truth} (anthr(9370)on hos ten al(8874)heian humin lelal(886b)a). Anthr(9370)on (here=person, one) is accusative case in apposition with {me} (me) just before. The perfect active indicative lelal(886b)a from lale(935c) is in the first person singular because the relative hos has the person of me, an idiom not retained in the English {that hath} (that have or who have) though it is retained in the English of 1Co 15:9 "that am" for hos eimi. {Which I heard from God} (h(886e) (886b)ousa para tou theou). Here we have "I" in the English. "God" here is equal to "My Father" in verse 38 . The only crime of Jesus is telling the truth directly from God.經文:
約翰福音 8:41-8:41
註釋:
{Ye do the works of your father} (humeis poieite ta erga tou patros hum(936e)). Who is not Abraham and not God as Jesus plainly indicates. {We were not born of fornication} (h(886d)eis ek porneias egenn(8874)h(886d)en). First aorist passive indicative of genna(935c). This they said as a proud boast. Jesus had admitted that they were physical ( De 23:2 ) descendants of Abraham ( 37 ), but now denies that they are spiritual children of Abraham (like Paul in Ro 9:7 ). Porneia is from pornos (harlot) and that from pern(886d)i, to sell, a woman who sells her body for sexual uses. It is vaguely possible that in this stern denial the Pharisees may have an indirect fling at Jesus as the bastard son of Mary (so Talmud). {We have one Father, even God} (hena patera echomen ton theon). No "even" in the Greek, "One Father we have, God." This in direct reply to the implication of Jesus (verse 38 ) that God was not their spiritual Father.經文:
約翰福音 8:42-8:42
註釋:
{Ye would love me} ((8867)apate an eme). Conclusion of second-class condition with distinct implication that their failure to love Jesus is proof that God is not their Father (protasis). {For I came forth from God} (eg(9320)gar ek tou theou ex(886c)thon). Second aorist active indicative of exerchomai, definite historical event (the Incarnation). See 4:30 for ex(886c)thon ek. In 13:3 16:30 Jesus is said to have come from (apo) God. The distinction is not to be pressed. Note the definite consciousness of pre-existence with God as in 17:5 . {And am come} (kai h(886b)(935c)). Present active indicative with perfect sense in the verb stem (state of completion) before rise of the tense and here retained. "I am here," Jesus means. {Of myself} (ap' emautou). His coming was not self-initiated nor independent of the Father. "But he (ekeinos, emphatic demonstrative pronoun) sent me" and here I am.經文:
約翰福音 8:43-8:43
註釋:
{My speech} ( (886e) lalian t(886e) em(886e)) and {my word} ( on logon ton emon). Perhaps lalia, old word from lalos (talk), means here more manner of speech than just story ( 4:42 ), while logos refers rather to the subject matter. They will not listen (ou dunasthe akouein) to the substance of Christ's teaching and hence they are impatient with the way that he talks. How often that is true.經文:
約翰福音 8:44-8:44
註釋:
{Ye are of your father the devil} (humeis ek tou patros tou diabolou). Certainly they can "understand" (gin(9373)kete in 43 ) this "talk" (lalian) though they will be greatly angered. But they had to hear it (akouein in 43 ). It was like a bombshell in spite of the preliminary preparation. {Your will to do} ( helete poiein). Present active indicative of hel(935c) and present active infinitive, "Ye wish to go on doing." This same idea Jesus presents in Mt 13:38 (the sons of the evil one, the devil) and 23:15 (twofold more a son of Gehenna than you). See also 1Jo 3:8 for "of the devil" (ek tou diabolou) for the one who persists in sinning. In Re 12:9 the devil is one who leads all the world astray. The Gnostic view that Jesus means "the father of the devil" is grotesque. Jesus does not, of course, here deny that the Jews, like all men, are children of God the Creator, like Paul's offspring of God for all men in Ac 17:28 . What he denies to these Pharisees is that they are spiritual children of God who do his will. They do the lusts and will of the devil. The Baptist had denied this same spiritual fatherhood to the merely physical descendants of Abraham ( Mt 3:9 ). He even called them "broods of vipers" as Jesus did later ( Mt 12:34 ). {A murderer} (anthr(9370)oktonos). Old and rare word (Euripides) from anthr(9370)os, man, and ktein(935c), to kill. In N.T. only here and 1Jo 3:15 . The Jews were seeking to kill Jesus and so like their father the devil. {Stood not in the truth} (en t(8869) al(8874)hei(8369) ouk est(886b)en). Since ouk, not ouch, is genuine, the form of the verb is esteken the imperfect of the late present stem st(886b)(935c) ( Mr 11:25 ) from the perfect active hest(886b)a (intransitive) of hist(886d)i, to place. {No truth in him} (ouk estin al(8874)heia en aut(9369)). Inside him or outside (environment). The devil and truth have no contact. {When he speaketh a lie} (hotan lal(8869) to pseudos). Indefinite temporal clause with hotan and the present active subjunctive of lale(935c). But note the article o: "Whenever he speaks the lie," as he is sure to do because it is his nature. Hence "he speaks out of his own" (ek t(936e) idi(936e) lalei) like a fountain bubbling up (cf. Mt 12:34 ). {For he is a liar} (hoti pseust(8873) estin). Old word for the agent in a conscious falsehood (pseudos). See 1Jo 1:10 Ro 3:4 . Common word in John because of the emphasis on al(8874)heia (truth). {And the father thereof} (kai ho pat(8872) autou). Either the father of the lie or of the liar, both of which are true as already shown by Jesus. {Autou} in the genitive can be either neuter or masculine. Westcott takes it thus, "because he is a liar and his father (the devil) is a liar," making "one," not the devil, the subject of "whenever he speaks," a very doubtful expression.經文:
約翰福音 8:45-8:45
註釋:
{Because I speak the truth} (eg(9320)de hoti t(886e) al(8874)heian leg(935c)). Proleptic emphatic position of eg(935c). "Truth is uncongenial to them" (Bernard). See 3:19 for their picture.經文:
約翰福音 8:46-8:46
註釋:
{Which of you convicteth me of sin?} (Tis ex hum(936e) elegchei me peri hamaritas;). See on 3:20 16:8 (the work of the Holy Spirit) for elegch(935c) for charge and proof. The use of hamartia as in 1:29 means sin in general, not particular sins. The rhetorical question which receives no answer involves sinlessness ( Heb 4:15 ) without specifically saying so. Bernard suggests that Jesus paused after this pungent question before going on. {Why do ye not believe me?} (Dia ti humeis ou pisteuete moi;). This question drives home the irrationality of their hostility to Jesus. It was based on prejudice and predilection.經文:
約翰福音 8:47-8:47
註釋:
{He that is of God} (ho (936e) ek tou theou). See this use of ek in 3:31f . "Their not listening proved that they were not of God" (Dods). They were of the earth and the devil, not of God.經文:
約翰福音 8:48-8:48
註釋:
{Thou art a Samaritan and hast a demon} (Samareit(8873) ei su kai daimonion echeis). On the spur of the moment in their rage and fury they can think of no meaner things to say. They know, of course, that Jesus was not a Samaritan, but he had acted like a Samaritan in challenging their peculiar spiritual privileges ( 4:9,39 ). The charge of having a demon was an old one by the Pharisees ( Mt 12:24 ) and it is repeated later ( Joh 10:20 ).經文:
約翰福音 8:49-8:49
註釋:
{I have not a demon} (eg(9320)daimonion ouk ech(935c)). This Jesus says calmly, passing by the reference to the Samaritans as beneath notice. {My Father} ( on patera mou). As in 2:16 . He is not mad in claiming to honour God (cf. 7:18 ). They were insulting the Father in insulting him (cf. 5:23 ). On atimaz(935c) (a privative and ima(935c), to dishonour) see Lu 20:11 .經文:
約翰福音 8:50-8:50
註釋:
{But I seek not mine own glory} (eg(9320)de ou z(8874)(9320)t(886e) doxan mou). As they did not seek the glory of God ( 5:44 8:4 ). {And judgeth} (kai krin(936e)). The Father judges between you and me, though the Son is the Judge of mankind ( 5:22 ). "It is only the doxa (glory) that comes from God that is worth having" (Bernard).經文:
約翰福音 8:51-8:51
註釋:
{If a man keep my word} (ean tis ton emon logon t(8872)(8873)(8869)). Condition of third class with ean and constative aorist active subjunctive of (8872)e(935c). Repeated in verse 52 . See verse 43 about hearing the word of Christ. Common phrase in John ( 8:51,52,55 14:23,24 15:20 17:6 1Jo 2:5 ). Probably the same idea as keeping the commands of Christ ( 14:21 ). {He shall never see death} ( hanaton ou m(8820)the(9372)(8873)(8869) eis ton aiona). Spiritual death, of course. Strong double negative ou m(885c) with first aorist active subjunctive of he(9372)e(935c). The phrase "see death" is a Hebraism ( Ps 89:48 ) and occurs with idein (see) in Lu 2:26 Heb 11:5 . No essential difference meant between hora(935c) and he(9372)e(935c). See Joh 14:23 for the blessed fellowship the Father and the Son have with the one who keeps Christ's word.經文:
約翰福音 8:52-8:52
註釋:
{Now we know} ( un egn(936b)amen). Perfect active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c), state of completion, "Now since such talk we have come to certain knowledge that thou hast a demon" (verse 48 ). {Is dead} (apethanen). Second aorist active indicative of apothn(8873)k(935c). "Abraham died." {And thou sayest} (kai su legeis). Adversative use of kai, "and yet." Emphatic position of su (thou). Same condition quoted as in verse 51 . {He shall never taste of death} (ou me geus(8874)ai thanatou eis ton aiona). Same emphatic negative with subjunctive as in verse 51 , but geus(8874)ai (first aorist middle subjunctive of geu(935c) with genitive case hanatou (death). Another Hebraism for dying like he(9372)(8873)(8869) (see) in verse 51 . Used in Heb 2:9 of the death of Jesus and in Synoptics ( Mt 16:28 Mr 9:1 Lu 9:27 ). It occurs in the Talmud, but not in the O.T. The Pharisees thus did not misquote Jesus, though they misunderstood him.經文:
約翰福音 8:53-8:53
註釋:
{Art thou greater than our father Abraham?} (M(8820)su meiz(936e) ei tou patros h(886d)(936e) Abraam;). Negative answer expected by m(885c) with ablative case of comparison in patros after meiz(936e). The question was designed to put Jesus in a difficult position, for Abraham and the prophets all "died." They do not see that Jesus uses death in a different sense. {Whom makest thou thyself?} ( ina seauton poieis;). Seauton is predicate accusative with poieis. They suspect that Jesus is guilty of blasphemy as they charged in 5:18 in making himself equal with God. Later they will make it specifically ( 10:33 19:7 ). They set a trap for Jesus for this purpose.經文:
約翰福音 8:54-8:54
註釋:
{If I glorify myself} (ean eg(9320)doxas(9320)emauton). Third-class condition with ean and first aorist active subjunctive (or future active indicative) of doxaz(935c). {It is my Father that glorifieth me} (estin ho pat(8872) mou ho doxaz(936e) me). The position and accent of estin mean: "Actually my Father is the one," etc. {Of whom ye say} (hon humeis legete). The accusative of the person (hon) with legete is regular (cf. 10:36 ). {Your God} ( heos hum(936e)). So Aleph B D and apparently correct, though A C L W Delta Theta have h(886d)(936e) (our God). The hoti can be taken as recitative (direct quotation, h(886d)(936e), our) or declarative (indirect, that, and so hum(936e)). The Jews claimed God as their peculiar national God as they had said in 41 . So Jesus turns this confession and claim against them.經文:
約翰福音 8:55-8:55
註釋:
{And ye have not known him} (kai ouk egn(936b)ate auton). Adversative use again of kai="and yet." Perfect active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c), the verb for experiential knowledge. This was true of the kosmos ( 1:10 17:25 ) and of the hostile Jews ( 16:3 ). Jesus prays that the world may know ( 17:23 ) and the handful of disciples had come to know ( 17:25 ). {But I know him} (eg(9320)de oida auton). Equipped by eternal fellowship to reveal the Father ( 1:1-18 ). This peculiar intimate knowledge Jesus had already claimed ( 7:29 ). Jesus used oida ( 8:19 15:21 ) or gin(9373)k(935c) ( 17:23,25 ) for the knowledge of the Father. No undue distinction can be drawn here. {And if I should say} (kan eip(935c)). Third-class condition (concession), "even if I say," with kai ean (kan) and second aorist active subjunctive. "Suppose I say." {I shall be like you a liar} (esomai homoios humin pseust(8873)). Apodosis of the condition. Homoios (like) is followed by the associative-instrumental case humin. The word pseust(8873) (liar), in spite of the statement that they are the children of the devil, the father of lying ( 8:44 ), comes with a sudden jolt because it is a direct charge. This word liar is not considered polite today in public speech when hurled at definite individuals. There is a rather free use of the word in 1Jo 2:4,22 4:20 5:10 . It is not hard to imagine the quick anger of these Pharisees.經文:
約翰福音 8:56-8:56
註釋:
{Rejoiced} ((8867)alliasato). First aorist middle indicative of agalliaomai, a word of Hellenistic coinage from agallomai, to rejoice. {To see} (hina id(8869)). Sub-final use of hina and second aorist active subjunctive of hora(935c). This joy of Abraham is referred to in Heb 11:13 (saluting, aspasamenoi, the promises from afar). There was a Jewish tradition that Abraham saw the whole history of his descendants in the vision of Ge 15:6f. , but that is not necessary here. He did look for and welcome the Messianic time, "my day" ( (886e) h(886d)eran t(886e) em(886e)). "He saw it, and was glad" (eiden kai echar(885c)). Second aorist active indicative of hora(935c) and second aorist passive indicative of chair(935c). Ye see it and are angry!經文:
約翰福音 8:57-8:57
註釋:
{Thou art not yet fifty years old} (pent(886b)onta eti oup(930a)echeis). Literally, "Thou hast not yet fifty years." Not meaning that Jesus was near that age at all. It was the crisis of completed manhood ( Nu 4:3 ) and a round number. Jesus was about thirty to thirty-three. {And hast thou seen Abraham?} (Kai Abraam he(9372)akas;). So A C D and B W Theta have he(9372)akes, both second person singular of the perfect active indicative of hora(935c). But Aleph, Sin-syr., Coptic versions (accepted by Bernard) have kai Abraam he(9372)ake se? "Has Abraam seen thee?" Either makes sense here.經文:
約翰福音 8:58-8:58
註釋:
{Before Abraham was} (prin Abraam genesthai). Usual idiom with prin in positive sentence with infinitive (second aorist middle of ginomai) and the accusative of general reference, "before coming as to Abraham," "before Abraham came into existence or was born." {I am} (eg(9320)eimi). Undoubtedly here Jesus claims eternal existence with the absolute phrase used of God. The contrast between genesthai (entrance into existence of Abraham) and eimi (timeless being) is complete. See the same contrast between en in 1:1 and egeneto in 1:14 . See the contrast also in Ps 90:2 between God (ei, art) and the mountains (gen(8874)h(886e)ai). See the same use of eimi in Joh 6:20 9:9 8:24,28 18:6 .經文:
約翰福音 8:59-8:59
註釋:
{They took up stones therefore} ((8872)an oun lithous). First aorist active indicative of air(935c), inferential use of oun. The time for argument had past. {To cast at him} (hina bal(9373)in ep' auton). Final clause with hina and the second aorist active subjunctive of all(935c). Vivid picture of a mob ready to kill Jesus, already beginning to do so. {Hid himself} (ekrub(885c)). Second aorist passive indicative of krupt(935c). He was hidden. No Docetic vanishing, but quietly and boldly Jesus went out of the temple. His hour had not yet come. Once again three months later the Pharisees will try to kill him, but he will pass out of their hands ( 10:39 ).經文:
約翰福音 9:1-9:1
註釋:
{As he passed by} (parag(936e)). Present active participle of parag(935c), old verb to go along, by, or past ( Mt 20:30 ). Only example in this Gospel, but in 1Jo 2:8,17 . The day was after the stirring scenes in chapter 8, but not at the feast of dedication as Westcott argues. That comes three months later ( 10:22 ). {From his birth} (ek genet(8873)). Ablative case with ek of old word from gen(932c) ginomai. Here alone in N.T., but the phrase uphlos ek genet(8873) is common in Greek writers. Probably a well-known character with his stand as a beggar (verse 5 ).經文:
約翰福音 9:2-9:2
註釋:
{Who did sin?} ( is h(886d)arten;). Second aorist active indicative of hamartan(935c). See Ac 3:2 14:8 for two examples of lameness from birth. Blindness is common in the Orient and Jesus healed many cases (cf. Mr 8:23 10:46 ) and mentions this fact as one of the marks of the Messiah in the message to the Baptist ( Mt 11:5 ). This is the only example of congenital blindness healed. It is not clear that the disciples expected Jesus to heal this case. They are puzzled by the Jewish notion that sickness was a penalty for sin. The Book of Job had shown that this was not always the case and Jesus shows it also ( Lu 13:1-5 ). If this man was guilty, it was due to prenatal sin on his part, a curious notion surely. The other alternative charged it upon his parents. That is sometimes true ( Ex 20:5 , etc.), but by no means always. The rabbinical casuists loved to split hairs on this problem. Ezekiel ( Eze 18:20 ) says: "The soul that sinneth it shall die" (individual responsibility for sin committed). There is something in heredity, but not everything. {That he should be born blind} (hina tuphlos genn(8874)h(8869)). Probably consecutive (or sub-final) use of hina with first aorist passive subjunctive of genna(935c).經文:
約翰福音 9:3-9:3
註釋:
{But that the works of God should be made manifest in him} (all' hina phaner(9374)h(8869) ta erga tou theou en aut(9369)). Jesus denies both alternatives, and puts God's purpose (all' hina with first aorist subjunctive of phanero(935c)) as the true solution. It is sometimes true that disease is the result of personal sin as in the man in 5:14 and parents can hand on the effects of sin to the third and fourth generations, but there are cases free from blame like this. There is comfort for many sufferers in the words of Jesus here.經文:
約翰福音 9:4-9:4
註釋:
{We must work the works of him that sent me} (h(886d)as dei ergazesthai ta erga tou pempsantos me). This is undoubtedly the correct text (supported by the Neutral and Western classes) and not eme (I) and me (me) of the Syrian class nor h(886d)as (we) and h(886d)as (us) of the Alexandrian class. Jesus associates us with him in the task committed to him by the Father. Bernard argues vigorously, but vainly, for eme me. We are not able to fathom the depth of the necessity (dei) here involved in each life as in this poor blind man and in each of us. {While it is day} (he(9373) h(886d)era estin). This clause gives the note of urgency upon us all. {The night cometh} (erchetai nux). "Night is coming on," and rapidly. Night was coming for Jesus ( 7:33 ) and for each of us. Cf. 11:9 12:35 . Even electric lights do not turn night into day. He(9373) with the present indicative ( 21:22f. ) means "while," not until as in 13:38 .經文:
約翰福音 9:5-9:5
註釋:
{When I am in the world} (hotan en t(9369) kosm(9369) (935c)). Indefinite relative clause with hotan and present active subjunctive (935c), "whenever I am in the world." The Latin Vulgate renders here hotan by _quamdiu_ so long as or while as if it were he(9373). But clearly Jesus here refers to the historic Incarnation ( 17:11 ) and to any previous visitations in the time of the patriarchs, prophets, etc. Jesus as God's Son is always the Light of the World ( 1:4,10 8:12 ), but here the reference is limited to his manifestation "in the world." {I am the light of the world} (ph(9373) eimi tou kosmou). The absence of the definite article ( o ph(9373) in 8:12 ) is to be noted (Westcott). Literally, "I am light to the world, whenever I am in the world." "The display of the character varies with the occasion" (Westcott).經文:
約翰福音 9:6-9:6
註釋:
{He spat on the ground} (eptusen chamai). First aorist active indicative of the old verb ptu(935c) for which see Mr 7:33 . Chamai is an old adverb either in the dative or locative (sense suits locative), in N.T. only here and Joh 18:6 . Jesus was not asked to cure this man. The curative effects of saliva are held in many places. The Jews held saliva efficacious for eye-trouble, but it was forbidden on the Sabbath. "That Jesus supposed some virtue lay in the application of the clay is contradicted by the fact that in other cases of blindness He did not use it" (Dods). Cf. Mr 8:23 . Why he here accommodated himself to current belief we do not know unless it was to encourage the man to believe. {He made clay} (epoi(8873)en p(886c)on). Only use of p(886c)os, old word for clay, in N.T. in this chapter and Ro 9:21 . The kneading of the clay and spittle added another offence against the Sabbath rules of the rabbis. {Anointed his eyes with the clay} (epechrisen autou ton p(886c)on epi tous ophthalmous). First aorist active indicative of epichri(935c), old verb, to spread on, anoint, here only and verse 11 in N.T. "He spread the clay upon his eyes." B C read epeth(886b)en (first aorist active indicative of epitith(886d)i, to put on).經文:
約翰福音 9:7-9:7
註釋:
{Wash} ( ipsai). First aorist middle imperative second person singular of ipt(935c), later form of iz(935c), to wash, especially parts of the body. Certainly bathing the eyes is good for eye trouble, and yet we are not to infer that the cure was due to the use of the clay or to the washing. {In the pool of Siloam} (eis t(886e) kolumb(8874)hran tou Sil(9361)m). The word kolumb(8874)hra (from kolumba(935c), to swim) is a common word for swimming-pool, in N.T. only here and 5:2,7 . The name _Siloam_ is Hebrew ( Isa 8:6 ) and means "sent" (apestalmenos, perfect passive participle of apostell(935c)). It was situated south of the temple area and was apparently connected by a subterranean tunnel with the Virgin's Well ( 5:2 ) according to Bernard. The water was conducted artificially to the pool of Siloam. {Washed} (enipsato). First aorist direct middle (cf. ipsai), apparently bathing and not merely washing his eyes. {Came seeing} ((886c)then blep(936e)). Jesus had healed him. He was tested by the demand to bathe his eyes.經文:
約翰福音 9:8-9:8
註釋:
{Neighbours} (geitones). From g(885c) (land), of the same land, old word. See Lu 14:2 . {Saw him} ( he(9372)ountes). Present active participle of he(9372)e(935c), who used to observe him. {Aforetime} ( o proteron). Adverbial accusative, "the former time," formerly. {That he was a beggar} (hoti prosait(8873) (886e)). See 4:19 12:19 for declarative hoti after he(9372)e(935c). But it is entirely possible that hoti here is "because" (Westcott). Prosait(8873) is a late word for beggar, in N.T. only here and Mr 10:46 . It is from prosaite(935c), to ask in addition (see prosait(936e) below), a thing that beggars know how to do. {Is not this he that sat and begged?} (Ouch houtos estin ho kath(886d)enos kai prosait(936e);). He had his regular place and was a familiar figure. But now his eyes are wide open.經文:
約翰福音 9:9-9:9
註釋:
{Nay but he is like him} (Ouchi, alla homoios aut(9369) estin). Vigorous denial (ouchi) and mere similarity suggested. Associative instrumental case autoi after homoios. The crowd is divided. {He said} (ekeinos elegen). Emphatic demonstrative (as in 11,12,25,36 ), "That one spake up." He knew.經文:
約翰福音 9:10-9:10
註釋:
{How then were thine eyes opened?} (P(9373) oun (886e)e(9369)chth(8873)an sou hoi ophthalmoi;). Natural and logical (oun) question. First aorist passive indicative (triple augment) of anoig(935c). These neighbours admit the fact and want the manner ("how") of the cure made clear.經文:
約翰福音 9:11-9:11
註釋:
{The man that is called Jesus} (ho anthr(9370)os ho legomenos I(8873)ous). He does not yet know Jesus as the Messiah the Son of God ( 9:36 ). {I received sight} (aneblepsa). First aorist active indicative of anablep(935c), old verb to see again, to recover sight, not strictly true of this man who had never seen. He got back sight that he had never had. Originally the verb means to look up ( Mt 14:19 ).經文:
約翰福音 9:12-9:12
註釋:
{Where is he?} (Pou estin ekeinos;). The very question of 7:11 .經文:
約翰福音 9:13-9:13
註釋:
{They bring him} (agousin auton). Vivid dramatic present active of ag(935c). These neighbours bring him. {To the Pharisees} (pros tous Pharisaious). The accepted professional teachers who posed as knowing everything. The scribes were usually Pharisees. {Him that aforetime was blind} ( on pote tuphlon). Simply, "the once blind man."經文:
約翰福音 9:14-9:14
註釋:
{Now it was the sabbath} ((886e) de sabbaton). Literally, "Now it was a sabbath" (no article). To the Pharisees this fact was a far more important matter than whether or how the thing was done. See Volumes I and II for discussions of the minute Sabbath regulations of the rabbis.經文:
約翰福音 9:15-9:15
註釋:
{Again} (palin). Besides the questioning of the neighbours (verses 8,9 ). {Therefore} (oun). Since he has been brought to the Pharisees who must make a show of wisdom. {Also asked him} ((8872)(9374)(936e) auton kai). Inchoative imperfect active of er(9374)a(935c), "began also to question him." {How he received his sight} (p(9373) aneblepsen). No denial as yet of the fact, only interest in the "how." {He put} (epeth(886b)en). Genuine here, but see verse 6 . {And lo see} (kai blep(935c)). That is the overwhelming fact.經文:
約翰福音 9:16-9:16
註釋:
{Because he keepeth not the sabbath} (hoti to sabbaton ou t(8872)ei). This is reason (causal hoti) enough. He violates our rules about the Sabbath and therefore is a Sabbath-breaker as charged when here before ( 5:10,16,18 ). Hence he is not "from God" (para theou). So some. {How can a man that is a sinner do such signs?} (P(9373) dunatai anthr(9370)os hamart(936c)os toiauta s(886d)eia poiein;). This was the argument of Nicodemus, himself a Pharisee and one of the Sanhedrin, long ago ( 3:2 ). It was a conundrum for the Pharisees. No wonder there was "a division" (schisma, schism, split, from schiz(935c)) as in 7:43 10:19 .經文:
約翰福音 9:17-9:17
註釋:
{Unto the blind man again} ( (9369) tuphl(9369) palin). The doctors disagree and they ask the patient whose story they had already heard (verse 15 ). {In that he opened thine eyes} (hoti (886e)e(9369)xen sou tous ophthalmous). Causal use of hoti and triple augment in the first aorist active indicative of anoig(935c). They offer the excuse that the man's experience particularly qualified him to explain the "how," overlooking the fact he had already told his story and also trying to conceal their own hopeless division of opinion. {He is a prophet} (proph(8874)(8873) estin). The man will go that far anyhow.經文:
約翰福音 9:18-9:18
註釋:
{The Jews} (hoi Ioudaioi). Probably the incredulous and hostile section of the Pharisees in verse 16 (cf. 5:10 ). {Did not believe} (ouk episteusan). The facts told by the man, "that he had been blind and had received his sight" (hoti (886e) tuphlos kai aneblepsen), conflicted with their theological views of God and the Sabbath. So they refused belief "until they called the parents" (he(9373) hotou eph(936e)(8873)an tous goneis). Usual construction of he(9373) hotou ( = until which time, like he(9373) alone) with aorist active indicative of ph(936e)e(935c), old verb from ph(936e)(885c) (voice, sound). They called out loud for his parents to throw light on this grave problem to cover up their own stupidity.經文:
約翰福音 9:19-9:19
註釋:
{Is this your son who ye say was born blind? how doth he now see?} (Houtos estin ho huios hum(936e), hon humeis l(8867)ete hoti tuphlos egenn(8874)h(883b) p(9373) oun blepei arti;). It was shrewdly put with three questions in one in order to confuse the parents if possible and give the hostile Pharisees a handle.經文:
約翰福音 9:20-9:20
註釋:
{We know that this is our son, and that he was born blind} (Oidamen hoti houtos estin ho huios h(886d)(936e) kai hoti tuphlos egenn(8874)h(885c)). These two questions the parents answer clearly and thus cut the ground from under the disbelief of these Pharisees as to the fact of the cure (verse 18 ). So these Pharisees made a failure here.經文:
約翰福音 9:21-9:21
註釋:
{But how he now seeth we know not} (p(9373) de nun blepei ouk oidamen). Concerning the third question they profess ignorance both as to the "how" (p(9373)) and the "who" ( is). {Opened} ((886e)oixen). First aorist active indicative with single augment of anoig(935c), same form as (886e)e(9369)xen (triple augment) in verse 17 . They were not witnesses of the cure and had the story only from the son as the Pharisees had. {He is of age} (h(886c)ikian echei). "He has maturity of age." He is an adult. A regular classical phrase in Plato, etc. The parents were wholly right and within their rights.經文:
約翰福音 9:22-9:22
註釋:
{Because they feared the Jews} (hoti ephobounto tous Ioudaious). Imperfect middle, a continuing fear and not without reason. See already the whispers about Jesus because of fear of the Jews ( 7:13 ). {Had agreed already} ((8864)(8820)sunetetheinto). Past perfect middle of suntith(886d)i, to put together, to form a compact ( 7:32,47-49 ). {If any man should confess him to be Christ} (ean tis auton homolog(8873)(8869) Christon). Condition of third class with ean and first aorist active subjunctive of homologe(935c) and predicate accusative Christon. Jesus had made confession of himself before men the test of discipleship and denial the disproof ( Mt 10:32 Lu 12:8 ). We know that many of the rulers nominally believed on Jesus ( 12:42 ) and yet "did not confess him because of the Pharisees" (alla dia tous Pharisaious ouch h(936d)ologoun), for the very reason given here, "that they might not be put out of the synagogue" (hina m(8820)aposunag(9367)oi gen(936e)tai). Small wonder then that here the parents cowered a bit. {That he should be put out of the synagogue} (hina aposunag(9367)os gen(8874)ai). Sub-final use of hina with second aorist middle subjunctive of ginomai. Aposunag(9367)os (apo and sunag(9367)(885c)) is found in N.T. only here and 12:42 16:2 . A purely Jewish word naturally. There were three kinds of excommunication (for thirty days, for thirty more, indefinitely).經文:
約翰福音 9:23-9:23
註釋:
{Therefore} (dia touto). "For this reason." Reason enough for due caution.經文:
約翰福音 9:24-9:24
註釋:
{A second time} (ek deuterou). He had given the Pharisees the facts the first time ( 9:15 ). It was really the third time (see palin in 9:17 ). Now it was like a joke unless the Pharisees meant to imply that his previous story was untrue. {Give glory to God} (dos doxan t(9369) the(9369)). Second aorist active imperative of did(936d)i (cf. sches, hes). This phrase does not mean gratitude to God as in Lu 17:18 . It is rather an adjuration to speak the truth ( Jos 7:19 1Sa 6:5 ) as if he had not done it before. Augustine says: "_Quid est Da gloriam Deo? Nega quod accepisti._" Is a sinner (hamart(936c)os estin). They can no longer deny the fact of the cure since the testimony of the parents ( 9:19 ) and now wish the man to admit that he was lying in saying that Jesus healed him. He must accept their ecclesiastical authority as proving that Jesus had nothing to do with the cure since Jesus is a sinner. They wish to decide the fact by logic and authority like all persecutors through the ages. Recall the Pharisaic distinction between dikaios (righteous) and hamart(936c)os (sinner).經文:
約翰福音 9:25-9:25
註釋:
{One thing I know} (hen oida). This man is keen and quick and refuses to fall into the trap set for him. He passes by their quibbling about Jesus being a "sinner" (hamart(936c)os) and clings to the one fact of his own experience. {Whereas I was blind, now I see} ( uphlos (936e) arti blep(935c)). Literally, "Being blind I now see." The present active participle (936e) of eimi by implication in contrast with arti (just now, at this moment) points to previous and so past time. It must be borne in mind that the man did not at this stage know who Jesus was and so had not yet taken him as Saviour ( 9:36-38 ).經文:
約翰福音 9:26-9:26
註釋:
{What did he do to thee?} (Ti epoi(8873)en soi;). Another cross-examination, now admitting that Jesus opened his eyes and wishing again ( 9:15,17 ) to know "how."經文:
約翰福音 9:27-9:27
註釋:
{I told you even now} (eipon humin (8864)(885c)). In verses 15,17,25 . {Would ye also become his disciples?} (M(8820)kai humeis thelete autou math(8874)ai genesthai;). Negative answer formally expected, but the keenest irony in this gibe. Clearly the healed man knew from the use of "also" (kai) that Jesus had some "disciples" (math(8874)ai, predicate nominative with the infinitive genesthai) and that the Pharisees knew that fact. "Do ye also (like the Galilean mob) wish, etc." See 7:45-52 . It cut to the bone.經文:
約翰福音 9:28-9:28
註釋:
1Pe 2:23 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Pe 2' or engs='1Pe 2'經文:
約翰福音 9:29-9:29
註釋:
{We know that God hath spoken unto Moses} (h(886d)eis oidamen hoti M(9375)sei lelal(886b)en ho theos). Perfect active indicative of lale(935c), so still on record. See Ex 33:11 . For lale(935c) used of God speaking see Heb 1:1 . They are proud to be disciples of Moses. {But as for this man, we do not know whence he is} ( outon de ouk oidamen pothen estin). "This fellow" they mean by " outon" in emphatic position, we do not even know whence he is. Some of the people did ( 7:27 ), but in the higher sense none of the Jews knew ( 8:14 ). These Pharisees neither knew nor cared.經文:
約翰福音 9:30-9:30
註釋:
{Why, herein is the marvel} (en tout(9369) gar to thaumaston estin). This use of gar (ge + ara, accordingly indeed) to bring out an affirmation from the previous words is common enough. "Why in this very point is the wonder" ( haumaston, old verbal adjective from haumaz(935c) as in Mt 21:42 ). The man is angry now and quick in his insight and reply. You confess your ignorance of whence he is, ye who know everything, "and yet (adversative use of kai again) he opened my eyes" (kai (886e)oixen mou tous ophthalmous). That stubborn fact stands.經文:
約翰福音 9:31-9:31
註釋:
{God does not hear sinners} (ho theos hamart(936c)(936e) ouk akouei). Note genitive case with akouei. This was the argument of the Pharisees in 9:16 . It is frequent in the O.T. ( Job 27:9 Ps 66:18 Isa 1:15 59:2 , etc.). The conclusion is inevitable from this premise. Jesus is not hamart(936c)os. {If any man be a worshipper of God} (ean tis theoseb(8873) (8869)). Condition of third class with ean and present active subjunctive (8869). Theoseb(8873) ( heos, God, sebomai, to worship) is an old compound adjective, here alone in the N.T. {And do his will} (kai to thel(886d)a autou poiei). Same condition with present active subjunctive of poie(935c), "keep on doing his will."經文:
約翰福音 9:32-9:32
註釋:
{Since the world began} (ek tou ai(936e)os). Literally, "from the age," "from of old." Elsewhere in the N.T. we have apo tou ai(936e)os or ap 'ai(936e)os ( Lu 1:70 Ac 3:31 15:18 ) as is common in the LXX. {Of a man born blind} ( uphlou gegenn(886d)enou). Perfect passive participle of genna(935c). This is the chief point and the man will not let it be overlooked, almost rubs it in, in fact. It was congenital blindness.經文:
約翰福音 9:33-9:33
註釋:
{If this man were not from God} (ei m(8820)(886e) houtos para theou). Negative condition of second class with imperfect indicative. Assuming that Jesus is not "from God" (para theou) as some argued in 9:16 , "he could do nothing" (ouk (8864)unato poiein ouden). Conclusion of the second-class condition with imperfect indicative (double augment in (8864)unato) without an as is usual in conditions of possibility, propriety, obligation (Robertson, _Grammar_, pp. 920,1014). The man has scored with terrific power in his use of Scripture and logic.經文:
約翰福音 9:34-9:34
註釋:
{Thou wast altogether born in sin} (en hamartiais su egenn(8874)h(8873) holos). First aorist passive indicative of genna(935c). "In sins thou wast begotten (or born) all of thee." Holos is predicate nominative and teaches total depravity in this case beyond controversy, the Pharisees being judges. {And dost thou teach us?} (kai su didaskeis h(886d)as;). The audacity of it all. Note emphasis on su (thou). It was insufferable. He had not only taught the rabbis, but had utterly routed them in argument. {And they cast him out} (kai exebalon auton ex(935c)). Effective second aorist active indicative of ekball(935c) intensified by the addition of ex(935c). Probably not yet expulsion from the synagogue ( 9:22 ) which required a formal meeting of the Sanhedrin, but certainly forcible driving of the gifted upstart from their presence. See 6:37 for another use of ekball(9320)ex(935c) besides 9:35 .經文:
約翰福音 9:35-9:35
註釋:
{Finding him} (heur(936e) auton). Second aorist active participle of heurisk(935c), after search because of what he had heard ((886b)ousen). {Dost thou believe on the Son of God?} (Su pisteueis eis ton huion tou theou;). So A L Theta and most versions, but Aleph B D W Syr-sin read ou anthr(9370)ou (the Son of Man), almost certainly correct. In either case it is a distinct Messianic claim quite beyond the range of this man's limited knowledge, keen as he is.經文:
約翰福音 9:36-9:36
註釋:
{And who is he, Lord, that I may believe on him?} (Kai tis estin, kurie;). The initial kai (and) is common ( Mr 10:26 Lu 10:29 18:26 ). Probably by kurie he means only "Sir." It usually comes at the beginning of the sentence, not at the end as here and verse 38 . {That I may believe on him} (hina pisteus(930a)eis auton). Ellipsis to be supplied before this final clause. He catches up the words of Jesus in the preceding verse, though he does not yet know who the Son of Man (or Son of God) is, but he trusts Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 9:37-9:37
註釋:
{Thou hast both seen him} (kai he(9372)akas auton). Perfect active indicative (double reduplication) of hora(935c). Since his eyes were opened. {And he it is that speaketh with thee} (kai ho lal(936e) meta sou ekeinos estin). "And the one speaking with thee is that man." See 19:35 for ekeinos used of the speaker. In 4:26 Jesus reveals himself in like manner to the Samaritan woman as Messiah while here as the Son of Man (or the Son of God).經文:
約翰福音 9:38-9:38
註釋:
{Lord, I believe} (Pisteu(932c) kurie). Kurie here = Lord (reverence, no longer respect as in 36 ). A short creed, but to the point. {And he worshipped him} (kai prosekun(8873)en aut(9369)). Ingressive first aorist active indicative of proskune(935c), old verb to fall down in reverence, to worship. Sometimes of men ( Mt 18:26 ). In John (see 4:20 ) this verb "is always used to express divine worship" (Bernard). It is tragic to hear men today deny that Jesus should be worshipped. He accepted worship from this new convert as he later did from Thomas who called him "God" ( Joh 20:28 ). Peter ( Ac 10:25f. ) refused worship from Cornelius as Paul and Barnabas did at Lystra ( Ac 14:18 ), but Jesus made no protest here.經文:
約翰福音 9:39-9:39
註釋:
{For judgement} (eis krima). The Father had sent the Son for this purpose ( 3:17 ). This world (kosmos) is not the home of Jesus. The krima (judgement), a word nowhere else in John, is the result of the krisis (sifting) from krin(935c), to separate. The Father has turned over this process of sifting (krisis) to the Son ( 5:22 ). He is engaged in that very work by this miracle. {They which see not} (hoi m(8820)blepontes). The spiritually blind as well as the physically blind ( Lu 4:18 Isa 42:18 ). Purpose clause with hina and present active subjunctive lep(9373)in (may keep on seeing). This man now sees physically and spiritually. {And that they which see may become blind} (kai hoi blepontes tuphloi gen(936e)tai). Another part of God's purpose, seen in Mt 11:25 Lu 10:21 , is the curse on those who blaspheme and reject the Son. Note ingressive aorist middle subjunctive of ginomai and predicate nominative. Hoi blepontes are those who profess to see like these Pharisees, but are really blind. Blind guides they were ( Mt 23:16 ). Complacent satisfaction with their dim light.經文:
約翰福音 9:40-9:40
註釋:
{Are we also blind?} (M(8820)kai h(886d)eis tuphloi esmen;). Negative answer expected (m(885c)) and yet these Pharisees who overheard the words of Jesus to the new convert vaguely suspected that Jesus was referring to them by the last clause. Up in Galilee Jesus had called the Pharisees blind guides who stumble into the pit ( Mt 15:14 ).經文:
約翰福音 9:41-9:41
註釋:
{If ye were blind} (ei tuphloi (8874)e). Condition of second class with imperfect indicative in the protasis. The old word uphlos is from uph(935c), to raise a smoke, to blind by smoke (literally and metaphorically). Here, of course, it is moral blindness. If the Pharisees were born morally blind, they would, like idiots, be without responsibility. {Ye would not have sin} (ouk an eichete hamartian). Regular form for conclusion of second-class condition, an with imperfect. {But now ye say} ( un de legete). In contrast to the previous condition. See like contrast in 15:22,24 . They arrogantly asserted superior knowledge. {We see} (lepomen). The ignorant mob do not ( 7:49 ). It is sin against light and is hopeless ( Mr 3:29 Mt 12:31f. ). "Ye are witnesses against yourselves" (martureite heautois, Mt 23:31 ).經文:
約翰福音 10:1-10:1
註釋:
{Verily, Verily} (Am(886e), am(886e)). Solemn prelude by repetition as in 1:51 . The words do not ever introduce a fresh topic (cf. 8:34,51,58 ). So in 10:7 . The Pharisees had previously assumed (Vincent) they alone were the authoritative guides of the people ( 9:24,29 ). So Jesus has a direct word for them. So Jesus begins this allegory in a characteristic way. John does not use the word parabol(885c), but paroimia (verse 6 ), and it really is an allegory of the Good Shepherd and self-explanatory like that of the Prodigal Son in Lu 15 . He first tells it in verses 1-5 and then explains and expands it in verses 7-18 . {Into the fold of the sheep} (eis t(886e) aul(886e) t(936e) probat(936e)). Originally aul(885c) (from a(935c), to blow) in Homer's time was just an uncovered space around the house enclosed by a wall, then a roofless enclosure in the country where flocks were herded as here and verse 16 . It later came to mean the house itself or palace ( Mt 26:3,58 , etc.). In the papyri it means the court attached to the house. {Climbeth up} (anabain(936e)). Present active participle of anabain(935c), to go up. One who goes up, not by the door, has to climb up over the wall. {Some other way} (allachothen). Rare word for old allothen, but in 4Macc. 1:7 and in a papyrus. Only here in N.T. {The same} (ekeinos). "That one" just described. {Is a thief and a robber} (klept(8873) estin kai l(8869)st(8873)). Both old and common words (from klept(935c), to steal, l(8869)zomai, to plunder). The distinction is preserved in the N.T. as here. Judas was a klept(8873) ( Joh 12:6 ), Barabbas a robber ( 18:40 ) like the two robbers ( Mt 27:38,44 ) crucified with Jesus erroneously termed thieves like "the thief on the cross" by most people. See Mr 11:17 . Here the man jumping over the wall comes to steal and to do it by violence like a bandit. He is both thief and robber.經文:
約翰福音 10:2-10:2
註釋:
{The shepherd of the sheep} (poim(886e) estin t(936e) probat(936e)). No article with poim(886e), "a shepherd to the sheep." He comes in by the door with the sheep whom he leads. Old word is poim(886e), root meaning to protect. Jesus applies it to himself in verse 16 and implies it here. It is used of Christ in 1Pe 2:25 Heb 13:20 . Paul applies it to ministers in Eph 4:11 . Jesus uses the verb poimain(935c), to shepherd, to Peter ( Joh 21:16 ) and Peter uses it to other preachers ( 1Pe 5:2 ) and Paul uses it for bishops (elders) in Ac 20:28 . Our word pastor is simply Latin for shepherd. Christ is drawing a sharp contrast after the conduct of the Pharisees towards the blind man between himself and them.經文:
約翰福音 10:3-10:3
註釋:
{To him} ( out(9369)). "To this one," the shepherd, in dative case. {The porter} (ho thur(9372)os). Old word for doorkeeper ( hura, door, (9372)a, care, carer for the door). Used for man ( Mr 13:34 Joh 10:3 ) or woman ( Joh 18:16ff. ), only N.T. examples. The porter has charge of the sheep in the fold at night and opens the door in the morning for the shepherd. It is not certain that Jesus meant this detail to have a special application. The Holy Spirit, of course, does open the door of our hearts for Jesus through various agencies. {Hear his voice} ( (8873) ph(936e)(8873) autou akouei). Hear and heed (verse 27 ). Note genitive case ph(936e)(8873) (accusative in 3:8 ). {By name} (kat' onoma). Several flocks might be herded in the same fold overnight. But the shepherd knows his own ( a idia) sheep (verse 27 ) and calls their names. "It is still common for Eastern shepherds to give particular names to their sheep" (Bernard). {And leadeth them out} (kai exagei auta). Old and common verb, present active indicative. The sheep follow readily (verse 27 ) because they know their own shepherd's voice and his name for each of them and because he has led them out before. They love and trust their shepherd.經文:
約翰福音 10:4-10:4
註釋:
{When he hath put forth all his own} (hotan ta idia panta ekbal(8869)). Indefinite temporal clause with hotan and the second aorist (effective) active subjunctive of ekball(935c). No need of the _futurum exactum_ idea, simply, "when he leads out all his own sheep." They are all out of the fold. He overlooks none. Ekball(935c) does mean "thrust out" if a reluctant sheep wishes to linger too long. {He goeth before them} (emprosthen aut(936e) poreuetai). Staff in hand he leads the way in front of the flock and they follow (akolouthei) him. What a lesson for pastors who seek to drive the church like cattle and fail. The true pastor leads in love, in words, in deeds.經文:
約翰福音 10:5-10:5
註釋:
{A stranger} (allotri(9369)). Literally, "One belonging to another" (from allos, opposed to idios). A shepherd of another flock, it may be, not necessarily the thief and robber of verse 1 . Note associative instrumental case after akolouth(8873)ousin (future active indicative of akolouthe(935c), verse 4 ). Note the strong double negative ou m(885c) here with the future indicative, though usually with the aorist subjunctive (Aleph L W have it here). They simply will not follow such a man or woman, these well-trained sheep will not. {But will flee from him} (alla pheuxontai ap' autou). Future middle of pheug(935c) and ablative case with apo. They will flee as if from a wolf or from the plague. Alas and alas, if only our modern pastors had the sheep (old and young) so trained that they would run away from and not run after the strange voices that call them to false philosophy, false psychology, false ethics, false religion, false life.經文:
約翰福音 10:6-10:6
註釋:
{This parable} ( aut(886e) t(886e) paroimian). Old word for proverb from para (beside) and oimos, way, a wayside saying or saying by the way. As a proverb in N.T. in 2Pe 2:22 (quotation from Pr 26:11 ), as a symbolic or figurative saying in Joh 16:25,29 , as an allegory in Joh 10:6 . Nowhere else in the N.T. Curiously enough in the N.T. parabol(885c) occurs only in the Synoptics outside of Heb 9:9 11:19 . Both are in the LXX. Parabol(885c) is used as a proverb ( Lu 4:23 ) just as paroimia is in 2Pe 2:22 . Here clearly paroimia means an allegory which is one form of the parable. So there you are. Jesus spoke this paroimia to the Pharisees, "but they understood not what things they were which he spake unto them" (ekeinoi de ouk egn(9373)an tina (886e) ha elalei autois). Second aorist active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c) and note (886e) in indirect question as in 2:25 and both the interrogative ina and the relative ha. "Spake" (imperfect elalei) should be "Was speaking or had been speaking."經文:
約翰福音 10:7-10:7
註釋:
{Therefore again} (oun palin). Jesus repeats the allegory with more detail and with more directness of application. Repeating a story is not usually an exhilarating experience. {I am the door of the sheep} (eg(9320)eimi h(8820)thura t(936e) probat(936e)). The door for the sheep by which they enter. "He is the legitimate door of access to the spiritual aul(885c), the Fold of the House of Israel, the door by which a true shepherd must enter" (Bernard). He repeats it in verse 9 . This is a new idea, not in the previous story ( 1-5 ). Moffatt follows the Sahidic in accepting ho poim(886e) here instead of h(8820)thura, clearly whimsical. Jesus simply changes the metaphor to make it plainer. They were doubtless puzzled by the meaning of the door in verse 1 . Once more, this metaphor should help those who insist on the literal meaning of bread as the actual body of Christ in Mr 14:22 . Jesus is not a physical "door," but he is the only way of entrance into the Kingdom of God ( 14:6 ).經文:
約翰福音 10:8-10:8
註釋:
{Before me} (pro emou). Aleph with the Latin, Syriac, and Sahidic versions omit these words (supported by A B D L W). But with or without pro emou Jesus refers to the false Messiahs and self-appointed leaders who made havoc of the flock. These are the thieves and robbers, not the prophets and sincere teachers of old. The reference is to verse 1 . There had been numerous such impostors already (Josephus, _Ant_. XVIII. i. 6; _War_ II. viii. I) and Jesus will predict many more ( Mt 24:23f. ). They keep on coming, these wolves in sheep's clothing ( Mt 7:15 ) who grow rich by fooling the credulous sheep. In this case "the sheep did not hear them" (ouk (886b)ousan aut(936e) ta probata). First aorist active indicative with genitive. Fortunate sheep who knew the Shepherd's voice.經文:
約翰福音 10:9-10:9
註釋:
{The door} (h(8820)thura). Repeated from verse 7 . {By me if any man enter in} (di' emou ean tis eiselth(8869)). Condition of third class with ean and second aorist active subjunctive of eiserchomai. Note proleptic and emphatic position of di' emou. One can call this narrow intolerance, if he will, but it is the narrowness of truth. If Jesus is the Son of God sent to earth for our salvation, he is the only way. He had already said it in 5:23 . He will say it again more sharply in 14:6 . It is unpalatable to the religious dogmatists before him as it is to the liberal dogmatists today. Jesus offers the open door to "any one" ( is) who is willing ( helei) to do God's will ( 7:17 ). {He shall be saved} (s(9374)h(8873)etai). Future passive of s(937a)(935c), the great word for salvation, from s(9373), safe and sound. The sheep that comes into the fold through Jesus as the door will be safe from thieves and robbers for one thing. He will have entrance (eisleusetai) and outgo (exeleusetai), he will be at home in the daily routine (cf. Ac 1:21 ) of the sheltered flock. {And shall find pasture} (kai nom(886e) heur(8873)ei). Future (linear future) indicative of heurisk(935c), old word from em(935c), to pasture. In N.T. only here and 2Ti 2:17 (in sense of growth). This same phrase occurs in 1Ch 4:40 . The shepherd leads the sheep to pasture, but this phrase pictures the joy of the sheep in the pasture provided by the shepherd.經文:
約翰福音 10:10-10:10
註釋:
{But that he may steal, and kill, and destroy} (ei m(8820)hina kleps(8869) kai thus(8869) kai apoles(8869)). Literally, "except that" (ei m(885c)) common without ( Mt 12:4 ) and with verb ( Ga 1:7 ), "if not" (literally), followed here by final hina and three aorist active subjunctives as sometimes by hotan ( Mr 9:9 ) or hoti ( 2Co 12:13 ). Note the order of the verbs. Stealing is the purpose of the thief, but he will kill and destroy if necessary just like the modern bandit or gangster. {I came that they may have life} (eg(9320)(886c)thon hina z(9388)n ech(9373)in). In sharp contrast (eg(935c)) as the good shepherd with the thieves and robbers of verse 1 came Jesus. Note present active subjunctive (ech(9373)in), "that they (people) may keep on having life (eternal, he means)" as he shows in 10:28 . He is "the life" ( 14:6 ). {And may have it abundantly} (kai perisson ech(9373)in). Repetition of ech(9373)in (may keep on having) abundance (perisson, neuter singular of perissos). Xenophon (_Anab_. VII. vi. 31) uses perisson echein, "to have a surplus," true to the meaning of overflow from peri (around) seen in Paul's picture of the overplus (hupereperisseusen in Ro 5:20 ) of grace. Abundance of life and all that sustains life, Jesus gives.經文:
約翰福音 10:11-10:11
註釋:
1Ti 4:6 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Ti 4' or engs='1Ti 4'經文:
約翰福音 10:12-10:12
註釋:
{He that is a hireling} (ho misth(9374)os). Old word from mistho(935c), to hire ( Mt 20:1 ) from misthos (hire, wages, Lu 10:7 ), in N.T. only in this passage. Literally, "the hireling and not being a shepherd" (ho misth(9374)os kai ouk (936e) poim(886e)). Note ouk with the participle (936e) to emphasize the certainty that he is not a shepherd in contrast with m(8820)eiserchomenos in verse 1 (conceived case). See same contrast in 1Pe 1:8 between ouk idontes and m(8820)hor(936e)tes. The hireling here is not necessarily the thief and robber of verses 1,8 . He may conceivably be a nominal shepherd (pastor) of the flock who serves only for the money, a sin against which Peter warned the shepherds of the flock "not for shameful gain" ( 1Pe 5:2 ). {Whose own} (hou idia). Every true shepherd considers the sheep in his care "his own" (idia) even if he does not actually "own" them. The mere "hireling" does not feel so. {Beholdeth} ( he(9372)ei). Vivid dramatic present, active indicative of he(9372)e(935c), a graphic picture. {The wolf coming} ( on lukon erchomenon). Present middle predicate participle of erchomai. {Leaveth the sheep, and fleeth} (aphi(8873)in ta probata kai pheugei). Graphic present actives again of aphi(886d)i and pheug(935c). The cowardly hireling cares naught for the sheep, but only for his own skin. The wolf was the chief peril to sheep in Palestine. See Mt 10:6 where Jesus says: "Behold I send you forth as sheep in the midst of wolves." {And the wolf snatcheth them and scattereth them} (kai ho lukos harpazei kai skorpizei). Vivid parenthesis in the midst of the picture of the conduct of the hireling. Bold verbs these. For the old verb harpaz(935c) see Joh 6:15 Mt 11:12 , and for skorpiz(935c), late word (Plutarch) for the Attic skedannumi, see Mt 12:30 . It occurs in the vision of Ezekiel ( Eze 34:5 ) where because of the careless shepherds "the sheep became meat to all the beasts of the field, and were scattered." Jesus uses harpaz(935c) in 10:29 where no one is able "to snatch" one out of the Father's hand.經文:
約翰福音 10:13-10:13
註釋:
{Because he is a hireling} (hoti misth(9374)os estin). And only that, without the shepherd heart that loves the sheep. Reason given for the conduct of the hireling after the parenthesis about the wolf. {And careth not for the sheep} (kai ou melei aut(9369) peri t(936e) probat(936e)). Literally, "and it is no care to him about the sheep." This use of the impersonal melei (present active indicative) is quite common, as in Mt 22:16 . But God does care ( 1Pe 5:7 ).經文:
約翰福音 10:14-10:14
註釋:
{I am the good-shepherd} (eg(9320)eimi ho poim(886e) ho kalos). Effective repetition. {And mine own know me} (kai gin(9373)kousin me ta ema). Jesus as the Good Shepherd knows his sheep by name as he had already said (verse 3 ) and now repeats. Yes, and they know his voice (verse 4 ), they have experimental knowledge (gin(9373)k(935c)) of Jesus as their own Shepherd. Here (in this mutually reciprocal knowledge) lies the secret of their love and loyalty.經文:
約翰福音 10:15-10:15
註釋:
{And I know the Father} (kag(9320)gin(9373)k(9320)ton patera). Hence he is qualified to reveal the Father ( 1:18 ). The comparison of the mutually reciprocal knowledge between the Father and the Son illustrates what he has just said, though it stands above all else ( Mt 11:27 Lu 10:22 Joh 17:21-26 ). We cannot claim such perfect knowledge of the Good Shepherd as exists between the Father and the Son and yet the real sheep do know the Shepherd's voice and do love to follow his leadership here and now in spite of thieves, robbers, wolves, hirelings. {And I lay down my life for the sheep} (kai t(886e) psuch(886e) mou tith(886d)i huper t(936e) probat(936e)). This he had said in verse 11 , but he repeats it now for clearness. This he does not just as an example for the sheep and for under-shepherds, but primarily to save the sheep from the wolves, the thieves and robbers.經文:
約翰福音 10:16-10:16
註釋:
{Other sheep} (alla probata). Sheep, not goats, but "not of this fold" (ek t(8873) aul(8873) taut(8873)). See verse 1 for aul(885c). Clearly "his flock is not confined to those enclosed in the Jewish fold, whether in Palestine or elsewhere" (Westcott). Christ's horizon takes in all men of all races and times ( Joh 11:52 12:32 ). The world mission of Christ for all nations is no new idea with him ( Mt 8:11 Lu 13:28 ). God loved the world and gave his Son for the race (John 3:16), {Them also I must bring} (kakeina dei me agagein). Second aorist active infinitive of ag(935c) with dei expressing the moral urgency of Christ's passion for God's people in all lands and ages. Missions in Christ's mind takes in the whole world. This is according to prophecy ( Isa 42:6 49:6 56:8 ) for the Messiah is to be a Light also to the Gentiles. It was typified by the brazen serpent ( Joh 3:14 ). Christ died for every man. The Pharisees doubtless listened in amazement and even the disciples with slow comprehension. {And they shall hear my voice} (kai t(8873) ph(936e)(8873) mou akousontai). Future middle indicative of akou(935c) with the genitive ph(936e)(8873). These words read like a transcript from the Acts and the Epistles of Paul ( Ro 9-11 in particular). See especially Paul's words in Ac 28:28 . Present-day Christianity is here foretold. Only do we really listen to the voice of the Shepherd as we should? Jesus means that the Gentiles will hearken if the Jews turn away from him. {And they shall become one flock, one shepherd} (kai gen(8873)ontai mia poimn(882c) heis poim(886e)). Future middle indicative of ginomai, plural, not singular gen(8873)etai as some MSS. have it. All (Jews and Gentiles) will form one flock under one Shepherd. Note the distinction here by Jesus between poimn(885c) (old word, contraction of poimen(885c) from poim(886e), shepherd), as in Mt 26:31 , and aul(885c) (fold) just before. There may be many folds of the one flock. Jerome in his Vulgate confused this distinction, but he is wrong. His use of _ovile_ for both aul(885c) and pomnion has helped Roman Catholic assumptions. Christ's use of "flock" (poimn(885c)) here is just another metaphor for kingdom (asileia) in Mt 8:11 where the children of the kingdom come from all climes and nations. See also the various metaphors in Eph 2 for this same idea. There is only the one Great Shepherd of the sheep ( Heb 13:20 ), Jesus Christ our Lord.經文:
約翰福音 10:17-10:17
註釋:
{For this reason} (dia touto). Points to the following hoti clause. The Father's love for the Son is drawn out ( Joh 3:16 ) by the voluntary offering of the Son for the sin of the world ( Ro 5:8 ). Hence the greater exaltation ( Php 2:9 ). Jesus does for us what any good shepherd does ( 10:11 ) as he has already said ( 10:15 ). The value of the atoning death of Christ lies in the fact that he is the Son of God, the Son of Man, free of sin, and that he makes the offering voluntarily ( Heb 9:14 ). {That I may take it again} (hina palin lab(9320)aut(886e)). Purpose clause with hina and second aorist active subjunctive of lamban(935c). He looked beyond his death on the Cross to the resurrection. "The purpose of the Passion was not merely to exhibit his unselfish love; it was in order that He might resume His life, now enriched with quickening power as never before" (Bernard). The Father raised Jesus from the dead ( Ac 2:32 ). There is spontaneity in the surrender to death and in the taking life back again (Dods).經文:
約翰福音 10:18-10:18
註釋:
{No one taketh it away from me} (oudeis airei aut(886e) ap' emou). But Aleph B read (8872)en (first aorist active indicative of air(935c), to take away), probably correct (Westcott and Hort). "John is representing Jesus as speaking _sub specie aeternitatis_" (Bernard). He speaks of his death as already past and the resurrection as already accomplished. Cf. Joh 3:16 . {Of myself} (ap' emautou). The voluntariness of the death of Jesus repeated and sharpened. D omits it, probably because of superficial and apparent conflict with 5:19 . But there is no inconsistency as is shown by Joh 3:16 Ro 5:8 . The Father "gave" the Son who was glad to be given and to give himself. {I have power to lay it down} (exousian ech(9320)theinai aut(886e)). Exousia is not an easy word to translate (right, authority, power, privilege). See 1:12 . Restatement of the voluntariness of his death for the sheep. {And I have power to take it again} (kai exousian ech(9320)palin labein aut(886e)). Note second aorist active infinitive in both cases ( heinai from ith(886d)i and labein from lamban(935c)), single acts. Recall 2:19 where Jesus said: "And in three days I will raise it up." He did not mean that he will raise himself from the dead independently of the Father as the active agent ( Ro 8:11 ). {I received from my Father} (elabon para tou patros mou). Second aorist active indicative of lamban(935c). He always follows the Father's command (entol(885c)) in all things ( 12:49f. 14:31 ). So now he is doing the Father's will about his death and resurrection.經文:
約翰福音 10:19-10:19
註釋:
{There arose a division again} (schisma palin egeneto). As in 7:43 in the crowd (also in 7:12,31 ), so now among the hostile Jews (Pharisees) some of whom had previously professed belief in him ( 8:31 ). The direct reference of palin (again) may be to 9:16 when the Pharisees were divided over the problem of the blind man. Division of opinion about Jesus is a common thing in John's Gospel ( 6:52,60,66 7:12,25ff. 8:22 9:16f. 10:19,24,41 11:41ff. 12:19,29,42 16:18f. ).經文:
約翰福音 10:20-10:20
註釋:
{He has a demon and is mad} (daimonion echei kai mainetai). As some had already said ( 7:20 8:48 with the addition of "Samaritan"). So long before in Mr 3:21 . An easy way of discounting Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 10:21-10:21
註釋:
{Of one possessed with a demon} (daimonizomenou). Genitive of present passive participle of daimoniz(935c). They had heard demoniacs talk, but not like this. {Can a demon open the eyes of the blind?} (m(8820)daimonion dunatai tuphlon ophthalmous anoixai;). Negative answer expected. Demons would more likely put out eyes, not open them. It was an unanswerable question.經文:
約翰福音 10:22-10:22
註釋:
{And it was the feast of the dedication at Jerusalem} (egeneto de ta enkainia en tois Ierosolumois). But Westcott and Hort read ote (then) instead of de (and) on the authority of B L W 33 and some versions. This is probably correct: "At that time came the feast of dedication in Jerusalem." Tote does not mean that the preceding events followed immediately after the incidents in 10:1-21 . Bernard brings chapter 9 up to this date (possibly also chapter 8) and rearranges chapter 10 in a purely arbitrary way. There is no real reason for this arrangement. Clearly there is a considerable lapse between the events in 10:22-39 and 10:1-21 , possibly nearly three months (from just after tabernacles 7:37 to dedication 10:22 ). The Pharisees greet his return with the same desire to catch him. This feast of dedication, celebrated for eight days about the middle of our December, was instituted by Judas Maccabeus B.C. 164 in commemoration of the cleansing of the temple from the defilements of pagan worship by Antiochus Epiphanes (1Macc. 4:59). The word enkainia (en, kainos, new) occurs here only in the N.T. It was not one of the great feasts and could be observed elsewhere without coming to Jerusalem. Jesus had apparently spent the time between tabernacles and dedication in Judea ( Lu 10:1-13:21 ). {Winter} (cheim(936e)). Old word from cheima (che(935c), to pour, rain, or from chi(936e), snow). See Mt 24:20 .經文:
約翰福音 10:23-10:23
註釋:
{Was walking} (periepatei). Imperfect active of peripate(935c), to walk around, picturesque imperfect. {In Solomon's porch} (en t(8869) sto(8369) tou Solom(936e)os). A covered colonnade or portico in which people could walk in all weather. See Ac 3:11 5:12 for this porch. This particular part of Solomon's temple was left uninjured by the Babylonians and survived apparently till the destruction of the temple by Titus A.D. 70 (Josephus, _Ant_. XX. 9,7). When John wrote, it was, of course, gone.經文:
約翰福音 10:24-10:24
註釋:
{Came round about him} (ekukl(9373)an auton). Aorist active indicative of kuklo(935c), old verb from kuklos (cycle, circle). See Ac 14:20 for the circle of disciples around Paul when stoned. Evidently the hostile Jews cherished the memory of the stinging rebuke given them by Jesus when here last, particularly the allegory of the Good Shepherd ( 10:1-19 ), in which he drew so sharply their own picture. {How long dost thou hold us in suspense?} (he(9373) pote t(886e) psuch(886e) h(886d)(936e) aireis;). Literally, "Until when dost thou lift up our soul?" But what do they mean by this metaphor? Air(935c) is common enough to lift up the eyes ( Joh 11:41 ), the voice ( Lu 17:13 ), and in Ps 25:1 86:4 (Josephus, _Ant_. III. ii. 3) we have "to lift up the soul." We are left to the context to judge the precise meaning. Clearly the Jews mean to imply doubt and suspense. The next remark makes it clear. {If thou art the Christ} (ei su ei ho Christos). Condition of first class assumed to be true for the sake of argument. {Tell us plainly} (eipon h(886d)in parr(8873)i(8369)). Conclusion with eipon rather than the usual eipe as if first aorist active imperative like luson. The point is in "plainly" (parr(8873)i(8369)), adverb as in 7:13,26 which see. That is to say "I am the Christ" in so many words. See 11:14 16:29 for the same use of parr(8873)i(8369). The demand seemed fair enough on the surface. They had made it before when here at the feast of tabernacles ( 8:25 ). Jesus declined to use the word Christos (Messiah) then as now because of the political bearing of the word in their minds. The populace in Galilee had once tried to make him king in opposition to Pilate ( Joh 6:14f. ). When Jesus does confess on oath before Caiaphas that he is the Christ the Son of God ( Mr 14:61f. Mt 26:63f. ), the Sanhedrin instantly vote him guilty of blasphemy and then bring him to Pilate with the charge of claiming to be king as a rival to Caesar. Jesus knew their minds too well to be caught now.經文:
約翰福音 10:25-10:25
註釋:
{I told you, and you believe not} (eipon humin kai ou pisteuete). It was useless to say more. In 7:14-10:18 Jesus had shown that he was the Son of the Father as he had previously claimed ( 5:17-47 ), but it was all to no purpose save to increase their rage towards him. {These bear witness of me} ( auta marturei peri emou). His works confirm his words as he had shown before ( 5:36 ). They believe neither his words nor his works.經文:
約翰福音 10:26-10:26
註釋:
{Because ye are not of my sheep} (hoti ek t(936e) probat(936e) mou). This had been the point in the allegory of the Good Shepherd. In fact, they were the children of the devil in spirit and conduct ( 8:43 ), pious ecclesiastics though they seemed, veritable wolves in sheep's clothing ( Mt 7:15 ).經文:
約翰福音 10:27-10:27
註釋:
{My sheep} ( a probata ta ema). In contrast with you they are not in doubt and suspense. They know my voice and follow me. Repetition of the idea in 10:4,14 .經文:
約翰福音 10:28-10:28
註釋:
{And I give unto them eternal life} (kag(9320)did(936d)i autois z(9388)n ai(936e)ion). This is the gift of Jesus now to his sheep as stated in 6:27,40 (cf. 1Jo 2:25 5:11 ). {And they shall never perish} (kai ou m(8820)apol(936e)tai). Emphatic double negative with second aorist middle (intransitive) subjunctive of apollumi, to destroy. The sheep may feel secure ( 3:16 6:39 17:12 18:9 ). {And no one shall snatch them out of my hand} (kai ouch harpasei tis auta ek t(8873) cheiros mou). Jesus had promised this security in Galilee ( 6:37,39 ). No wolf, no thief, no bandit, no hireling, no demon, not even the devil can pluck the sheep out of my hand. Cf. Col 3:3 (Your life is hid together with Christ in God).經文:
約翰福音 10:29-10:29
註釋:
{Which} (hos). Who. If ho (which) is correct, we have to take ho pat(8872) as nominative absolute or independent, "As for my Father." {Is greater than all} (pant(936e) meiz(936e) estin). If we read hos. But Aleph B L W read ho and A B Theta have meizon. The neuter seems to be correct (Westcott and Hort). But is it? If so, the meaning is: "As for my Father, that which he hath given me is greater than all." But the context calls for hos ... meiz(936e) with ho pat(8872) as the subject of estin. The greatness of the Father, not of the flock, is the ground of the safety of the flock. Hence the conclusion that "no one is able to snatch them out of the Father's hand."經文:
約翰福音 10:30-10:30
註釋:
{One} (hen). Neuter, not masculine (heis). Not one person (cf. heis in Ga 3:28 ), but one essence or nature. By the plural sumus (separate persons) Sabellius is refuted, by unum Arius. So Bengel rightly argues, though Jesus is not referring, of course, to either Sabellius or Arius. The Pharisees had accused Jesus of making himself equal with God as his own special Father ( Joh 5:18 ). Jesus then admitted and proved this claim ( 5:19-30 ). Now he states it tersely in this great saying repeated later ( 17:11, 21 ). Note hen used in 1Co 3:3 of the oneness in work of the planter and the waterer and in 17:11,23 of the hoped for unity of Christ's disciples. This crisp statement is the climax of Christ's claims concerning the relation between the Father and himself (the Son). They stir the Pharisees to uncontrollable anger.經文:
約翰福音 10:31-10:31
註釋:
2Co 11:25 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Co 11' or engs='2Co 11'經文:
約翰福音 10:32-10:32
註釋:
{From the Father} (ek tou patros). Proceeding out of the Father as in 6:65 16:28 (cf. 7:17 8:42,47 ) rather than para as in 1:14 6:46 7:29 17:7 . {For which of those works} (dia poion aut(936e) ergon). Literally, "For what kind of work of them" (referring to the "many good works" polla erga kala). Noble and beautiful deeds Jesus had done in Jerusalem like healing the impotent man (chapter 5) and the blind man (chapter 9). Poion is a qualitative interrogative pronoun pointing to kala (good). {Do ye stone me} (lithazete). Conative present active indicative, "are ye trying to stone me." They had the stones in their hands stretched back to fling at him, a threatening attitude.經文:
約翰福音 10:33-10:33
註釋:
{For a good work we stone thee not} (peri kalou ergou ou lithazomen). "Concerning a good deed we are not stoning thee." Flat denial that the healing of the blind man on the Sabbath had led them to this attempt ( 8:59 ) in spite of the facts. {But for blasphemy} (alla peri blasph(886d)ias). See Ac 26:7 where peri with the genitive is also used with egkaloumai for the charge against Paul. This is the only example in John of the word lasph(886d)ia (cf. Mt 12:31 ). {And because that thou, being a man, makest thyself God} (kai hoti su anthr(9370)os (936e) poieis seauton theon). In 5:18 they stated the charge more accurately: "He called God his own Father, making himself equal with God." That is, he made himself the Son of God. This he did beyond a doubt. But was it blasphemy? Only if he was not the Son of God. The penalty for blasphemy was death by stoning ( Le 24:16 1Ki 21:10,13 ).經文:
約翰福音 10:34-10:34
註釋:
{Is it not written?} (ouk estin gegrammenon;). Periphrastic perfect passive indicative of graph(935c) (as in 2:17 ) in place of the usual gegraptai. "Does it not stand written?" {In your law} (en t(9369) nom(9369) hum(936e)). From Ps 82:6 . The term omos (law) applying here to the entire O.T. as in 12:34 15:25 Ro 3:19 1Co 14:21 . Aleph D Syr-sin. omit hum(936e), but needlessly. We have it already so from Jesus in 8:17 . They posed as the special custodians of the O.T. {I said} (hoti eg(9320)eipa). Recitative hoti before a direct quotation like our quotation marks. Eipa is a late second aorist form of indicative with -a instead of -on. {Ye are gods} ( heoi este). Another direct quotation after eipa but without hoti. The judges of Israel abused their office and God is represented in Ps 82:6 as calling them "gods" ( heoi, _elohim_) because they were God's representatives. See the same use of _elohim_ in Ex 21:6 22:9,28 . Jesus meets the rabbis on their own ground in a thoroughly Jewish way.經文:
約翰福音 10:35-10:35
註釋:
{If he called them gods} (ei ekeinous eipen theous). Condition of first class, assumed as true. The conclusion (verse 36 ) is humeis legete; ({Do ye say?}). As Jews (and rabbis) they are shut out from charging Jesus with blasphemy because of this usage in the O.T. It is a complete _ad hominem_ argument. To be sure, it is in Ps 82:6 a lower use of the term heos, but Jesus did not call himself "Son of Jahweh," but "huios theou" which can mean only "Son of _Elohim_." It must not be argued, as some modern men do, that Jesus thus disclaims his own deity. He does nothing of the kind. He is simply stopping the mouths of the rabbis from the charge of blasphemy and he does it effectually. The sentence is quite involved, but can be cleared up. {To whom the word of God came} (pros hous ho logos tou theou egeneto). The relative points to ekeinous, before. These judges had no other claim to the term heoi (_elohim_). {And the scripture cannot be broken} (kai ou dunatai luth(886e)ai h(8820)graph(885c)). A parenthesis that drives home the pertinency of the appeal, one that the Pharisees had to accept. Luth(886e)ai is first aorist passive infinitive of lu(935c), to loosen, to break.經文:
約翰福音 10:36-10:36
註釋:
{Of him whom the Father sanctified and sent into the world} (hon ho pat(8872) h(8867)iasen kai apesteilen eis ton kosmon). Another relative clause with the antecedent ( outon, it would be, object of legete) unexpressed. Every word counts heavily here in contrast with the mere judges of Ps 82:6 . {Thou blasphemest} (hoti blasph(886d)eis). Recitative hoti again before direct quotation. {Because I said} (hoti eipon). Causal use of hoti and regular form eipon (cf. eipa in verse 34 ). {I am the Son of God} (huios tou theou eimi). Direct quotation again after eipon. This Jesus had implied long before as in 2:16 (my Father) and had said in 5:18-30 (the Father, the Son), in 9:35 in some MSS., and virtually in 10:30 . They will make this charge against Jesus before Pilate ( 19:7 ). Jesus does not use the article here with huios, perhaps (Westcott) fixing attention on the character of Son rather than on the person as in Heb 1:2 . There is no answer to this question with its arguments.經文:
約翰福音 10:37-10:37
註釋:
{If I do not} (ei ou poi(935c)). Condition of first class, assumed as true, with negative ou, not ei m(885c)=unless. {Believe me not} (m(8820)pisteuete moi). Prohibition with m(885c) and the present active imperative. Either "cease believing me" or "do not have the habit of believing me." Jesus rests his case on his doing the works of "my Father" ( ou patros mou), repeating his claims to sonship and deity.經文:
約翰福音 10:38-10:38
註釋:
{But if I do} (ei de poi(935c)). Condition again of the first class, assumed as true, but with the opposite results. {Though ye believe not me} (kan emoi m(8820)pisteu(8874)e). Condition now of third class, undetermined (but with prospect), "Even if you keep on (present active subjunctive of pisteuo) not believing me." {Believe the works} ( ois ergois pisteuete). These stand irrefutable. The claims, character, words, and works of Jesus challenge the world today as then. {That ye may know and understand} (hina gn(9374)e kai gin(9373)k(8874)e). Purpose clause with hina and the same verb gin(9373)k(935c) repeated in different tenses (first gn(9374)e, the second ingressive aorist active subjunctive, that ye may come to know; then the present active subjunctive, "that ye may keep on knowing"). This is Christ's deepest wish about his enemies who stand with stones in their uplifted hands to fling at him. {That the Father is in me, and I in the Father} (hoti en emoi ho pat(8872) kag(9320)en t(9369) patri). Thus he repeats (verse 30 ) sharply his real claim to oneness with the Father as his Son, to actual deity. It was a hopeless wish.經文:
約翰福音 10:39-10:39
註釋:
{They sought again to seize him} (ez(8874)oun auton palin piazai). Imperfect active, "They kept on seeking to seize (ingressive aorist active infinitive of piaz(935c) for which see 7:30 ) as they had tried repeatedly ( 7:1,30,44 8:20 ), but in vain. They gave up the effort to stone him. {Out of their hand} (ek t(8873) cheiros aut(936e)). Overawed, but still angry, the stones fell to the ground, and Jesus walked out.經文:
約翰福音 10:40-10:40
註釋:
{Again} (palin). Referring to 1:28 (Bethany beyond Jordan). Palin does not mean that the other visit was a recent one. {At the first} ( o pr(9374)on). Adverbial accusative (extent of time). Same idiom in 12:16 19:39 . Here the identical language of 1:28 is used with the mere addition of o pr(9374)on (hopou (886e) I(9361)n(8873) baptiz(936e), "where John was baptizing"). {And there he abode} (kai emenen ekei). Imperfect (continued) active of men(935c), though some MSS. have the constative aorist active emeinen. Probably from here Jesus carried on the first part of the later Perean Ministry ( Lu 13:22-16:10 ) before the visit to Bethany at the raising of Lazarus ( Joh 11:1-44 ).經文:
約翰福音 10:41-10:41
註釋:
{Many came to him} (polloi (886c)thon pros auton). Jesus was busy here and in a more congenial atmosphere than Jerusalem. John wrought no signs the crowds recall, though Jesus did many here ( Mt 19:2 ). The crowds still bear the impress of John's witness to Christ as "true" (al(8874)h(885c)). Here was prepared soil for Christ.經文:
約翰福音 10:42-10:42
註釋:
{Many believed on him there} (polloi episteusan eis auton ekei). See 1:12 2:11 for same idiom. Striking witness to the picture of the Messiah drawn by John. When Jesus came they recognized the original. See Joh 1:29-34 . What about our sermons about Jesus if he were to walk down the aisle in visible form according to A.J. Gordon's dream?經文:
約翰福音 11:1-11:1
註釋:
{Was sick} ((886e) asthen(936e)). Periphrastic imperfect active of asthene(935c), old verb (from asthen(8873), a privative, and sthenos, strength). {Lazarus} (Lazaros). See on 烊u 16:20| for the name of another man in the parable, a shortened form of Eleazer, only other N.T. use, but in Josephus and rabbinical writings. No connexion between this Lazarus and the one in the parable. {Of Bethany} (apo B(8874)hanias). Use of apo as in 1:44 Philip of Bethsaida and 1:45 Joseph of Nazareth. This Bethany is about two miles ( 11:18 ) east of Jerusalem on the south-east slope of Olivet and is now called El Azariyeh, from the name Lazarus. Jesus is still apparently at the other Bethany beyond Jordan ( 10:40 ). It is doubtful if a distinction is meant here by apo and ek between Bethany as the residence and some other village (ek t(8873) k(936d)(8873)) as the birthplace of Lazarus and the sisters. {Of Mary and Martha} (Marias kai Marthas). Note Marthas, not Marth(8873) for the genitive. Elsewhere ( Joh 11:19 Lu 10:38 ) Martha comes first as the mistress and hostess. The two sisters are named for further identification of Lazarus. Martha was apparently the elder sister ( 11:5,19 Lu 10:38f. ). "The identification of Mary with Mary Magdalene is a mere conjecture supported by no direct evidence, and opposed to the general tenor of the Gospels" (Westcott).經文:
約翰福音 11:2-11:2
註釋:
{And it was that Mary which anointed the Lord with ointment, and wiped his feet with her hair} ((886e) de Mariam h(8820)aleipsasa ton kurion mur(9369) kai ekmaxasa tous podas autou tais thrixin aut(8873)). This description is added to make plainer who Mary is "whose brother Lazarus was sick" (h(8873) ho adelphos Lazaros (8873)thenei). There is an evident proleptic allusion to the incident described by John in 12:1-8 just after chapter 11. As John looks back from the end of the century it was all behind him, though the anointing (h(8820)aleipsasa, first aorist active articular participle of aleiph(935c), old verb for which see Mr 6:13 ) took place after the events in chapter 11. The aorist participle is timeless and merely pictures the punctiliar act. The same remark applies to ekmaxasa, old verb ekmass(935c), to wipe off or away ( Isa 12:3 13:5 Lu 7:38,44 ). Note the Aramaic form Mariam as usual in John, but Marias in verse 1 . When John wrote, it was as Jesus had foretold ( Mt 26:13 ), for the fame of Mary of Bethany rested on the incident of the anointing of Jesus. The effort to link Mary of Bethany with Mary Magdalene and then both names with the sinful woman of Lu 7:36-50 is gratuitous and to my mind grotesque and cruel to the memory of both Mary of Bethany and Mary Magdalene. Bernard may be taken as a specimen: "The conclusion is inevitable that John (or his editor) regarded Mary of Bethany as the same person who is described by Luke as hamart(936c)os." This critical and artistic heresy has already been discussed in Vol. II on Luke's Gospel. Suffice it here to say that Luke introduces Mary Magdalene as an entirely new character in 8:2 and that the details in Lu 7:36-50 Joh 12:1-8 have only superficial resemblances and serious disagreements. John is not here alluding to Luke's record, but preparing for his own in chapter 12. What earthly difficulty is there in two different women under wholly different circumstances doing a similar act for utterly different purposes?經文:
約翰福音 11:3-11:3
註釋:
{Sent saying} (apesteilan legousai). First aorist active indicative of apostell(935c) and present active participle. The message was delivered by the messenger. {Thou lovest} (phileis). Phile(935c) means to love as a friend (see philos in verse 11 ) and so warmly, while agapa(935c) (akin to agamai, to admire, and agathos, good) means high regard. Here both terms occur of the love of Jesus for Lazarus ((8867)apa in verse 5 ). Both occur of the Father's love for the Son (agap(8369) in 3:35 , philei in 5:20 ). Hence the distinction is not always observed.經文:
約翰福音 11:4-11:4
註釋:
{Heard it} (akousas). The messenger delivered the message of the sisters. The reply of Jesus is for him and for the apostles. {Is not unto death} (ouk estin pros thanaton). Death in the final issue, to remain dead. Lazarus did die, but he did not remain dead. See hamartia pros thanaton in 1Jo 5:16 , "sin unto death" (final death). {But for the glory of God} (all' huper t(8873) dox(8873) tou theou). In behalf of God's glory, as the sequel shows. Cf. 9:3 about the man born blind. The death of Lazarus will illustrate God's glory. In some humble sense those who suffer the loss of loved ones are entitled to some comfort from this point made by Jesus about Lazarus. In a supreme way it is true of the death of Christ which he himself calls glorification of himself and God ( 13:31 ). In 7:39 John had already used doxaz(935c) of the death of Christ. {That the Son of God may be glorified thereby} (hina doxasth(8869) ho huios tou theou di' aut(8873)). Purpose clause with hina and the first aorist passive subjunctive of doxaz(935c). Here Jesus calls himself "the Son of God." In 8:54 Jesus had said: "It is my Father that glorifieth me." The raising of Lazarus from the tomb will bring glory to the Son of God. See 17:1 for this idea in Christ's prayer. The raising of Lazarus will also bring to an issue his own death and all this involves the glorification of the Father ( 7:39 12:16 13:31 14:13 ). The death of Lazarus brings Jesus face to face with his own death.經文:
約翰福音 11:5-11:5
註釋:
{Now Jesus loved} ((8867)apa de). Imperfect active of agapa(935c) picturing the continued love of Jesus for this noble family where he had his home so often ( Lu 10:38-42 Joh 12:1-8 ). The sisters expected him to come at once and to heal Lazarus.經文:
約翰福音 11:6-11:6
註釋:
{That he was sick} (hoti asthenei). Present active indicative retained in indirect discourse after a secondary tense ((886b)ousen). {Two days} (duo h(886d)eras). Accusative of extent of time. {In the place where he was} (en h(9369) (886e) top(9369)). Incorporation of the antecedent op(9369) into the relative clause, "in which place he was." It was long enough for Lazarus to die and seemed unlike Jesus to the sisters.經文:
約翰福音 11:7-11:7
註釋:
{Then after this} (epeita meta touto). Epeita (only here in John) means thereafter ( Lu 16:7 ) and it is made plainer by the addition of meta touto (cf. 2:12 11:11 ), meaning after the two days had elapsed. {Let us go into Judea again} (Ag(936d)en eis t(886e) Ioudaian palin). Volitive (hortative) subjunctive of ag(935c) (intransitive use as in verses 11,16 ). They had but recently escaped the rage of the Jews in Jerusalem ( 10:39 ) to this haven in Bethany beyond Jordan ( 10:40 ).經文:
約翰福音 11:8-11:8
註釋:
{Were but now seeking to stone thee} ( un ez(8874)oun se lithasai). Conative imperfect of z(8874)e(935c) with reference to the event narrated in 10:39 in these very words. {Goest thou thither again?} (palin hupageis ekei;). Present active intransitive use of the compound hupag(935c), to withdraw (:21; 8:21) from this safe retreat (Vincent). It seemed suicidal madness to go back now.經文:
約翰福音 11:9-11:9
註釋:
{In the day} ( (8873) h(886d)eras). Genitive of time, within the day, the twelve-hour day in contrast with night. The words of Jesus here illustrate what he had said in 9:4 . It is not blind fatalism that Jesus proclaims, but the opposite of cowardice. He has full confidence in the Father s purpose about his "hour" which has not yet come. Jesus has courage to face his enemies again to do the Father's will about Lazarus. {If a man walk in the day} (ean tis peripat(8869) en t(8869) h(886d)er(8369)). Condition of the third class, a conceived case and it applies to Jesus who walks in the full glare of noonday. See 8:12 for the contrast between walking in the light and in the dark. {He stumbleth not} (ou proskoptei). He does not cut (or bump) against this or that obstacle, for he can see. Kopt(935c) is to cut and pros, against.經文:
約翰福音 11:10-11:10
註釋:
{But if a man walk in the night} (ean de tis peripat(8869) en t(8869) nukti). Third condition again. It is spiritual darkness that Jesus here pictures, but the result is the same. See the same figure in 12:35 ( 1Jo 2:11 ). The ancients had poor illumination at night as indeed we did before Edison gave us electric lights. Pedestrians actually used to have little lamps fastened on the feet to light the path. {In him} (en aut(9369)). Spiritual darkness, the worst of all (cf. Mt 6:23 Joh 8:12 ). Man has the capacity for light, but is not the source of light. "By the application of this principle Christianity is distinguished from Neo-Platonism" (Westcott).經文:
約翰福音 11:11-11:11
註釋:
{Is fallen asleep} (kekoim(8874)ai). Perfect passive indicative of koima(935c), old verb to put to sleep. Common as a metaphor for death like our cemetery. {I go} (poreuomai). Futuristic use of the present tense as in 14:2 . {That I may awake him out of sleep} (hina exupnis(9320)auton). Purpose clause with hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of exupniz(935c), a late compound (ex, hupnos, sleep) for the older aphupniz(935c), here only in the N.T. See Job 14:12 where also it occurs along with koimaomai.經文:
約翰福音 11:12-11:12
註釋:
{He will recover} (s(9374)h(8873)etai). Future passive indicative of s(937a)(935c) used in its original sense of being or getting well (safe and sound). Conclusion of the condition of the first class (ei kekoim(8874)ai).經文:
約翰福音 11:13-11:13
註釋:
{Had spoken} (eir(886b)ei). Past perfect of eipon (er(935c)). The disciples had misunderstood Christ's metaphor for death. {That he spake} (hoti legei). Present active indicative retained in indirect discourse after the secondary tense (edoxan). {Of taking rest in sleep} (peri t(8873) koim(8873)e(9373) tou hupou). Only use of koim(8873)is (from koima(935c)) in the N.T., but it also was used of death (Sirach 46:19). Hupnou (in sleep) is objective genitive of hupnos (sleep, Mt 1:24 ).經文:
約翰福音 11:14-11:14
註釋:
{Plainly} (parr(8873)i(8369)). Adverb (see on 浪:4|), without metaphor as in 16:29 . {Is dead} (apethanen). First aorist active indicative, "died."經文:
約翰福音 11:15-11:15
註釋:
{For your sakes} (di' humas). That they may witness his raising from the grave. {That I was not there} (hoti ouk (886d)(886e) ekei). Imperfect middle (886d)(886e) of the later Greek instead of the common active (886e) in indirect discourse in place of the usual present retained as in verse 13 . {To the intent ye may believe} (hina pisteus(8874)e). Purpose clause with hina and the ingressive aorist active subjunctive, "that ye may come to believe" (more than you do). See the same use of the ingressive aorist in episteusan ( 2:11 ) where the disciples gained in belief. {Nevertheless let us go to him} (alla ag(936d)en pros auton). Volitive subjunctive, repeating the proposal of verse 7 . He is dead, but no matter, yea all the more let us go on to him.經文:
約翰福音 11:16-11:16
註釋:
{Didymus} (Didumos). The word means twin. Clearly Thomas had a twin brother or sister. Applied two other times to him ( 20:24 21:2 ). The Aramaic word for Thomas means Twin and Didymus is just the Greek equivalent of Thomas. He may even in Greek circles have been called Didymus. {His fellow disciples} ( ois sunmath(8874)ais). Dative case and article use like "his." Only use of sunmath(8874)es in the N.T., rare word (in Plato). {Us also} (kai h(886d)eis). As well as Jesus, since he is bent on going. {That we may die with him} (hina apothan(936d)en met' autou). Purpose clause with hina and the second aorist active subjunctive of apothn(8873)k(935c). Die with Jesus, Thomas means. Lazarus is already dead and they will kill Jesus (verse 8 ). Pessimistic courage surely.經文:
約翰福音 11:17-11:17
註釋:
{Found} (heuren). Second aorist active indicative of heurisk(935c). {That he had been in the tomb four days already} (auton tessaras (8864)(8820)h(886d)eras echonta). Literally, "him (accusative object of heuren) having already four days in the tomb." See 5:5 for the same idiom (et(8820)ech(936e)) for expression of time (having 38 years). In Jewish custom burial took place on the day of death ( Ac 6:6,10 ).經文:
約翰福音 11:18-11:18
註釋:
{About fifteen furlongs off} (h(9373) apo stadi(936e) dekapente). The idiom of apo with the ablative for distance is like the Latin _a millibus passum duobus_ (Caesar, _Bell. Gall_. ii. 7), but it (pro also, Joh 12:1 ) occurs already in the Doric and in the _Koin(825f) often (Moulton, _Proleg_., p. 101; Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 110). See it again in 21:8 Re 14:20 .經文:
約翰福音 11:19-11:19
註釋:
{Had come} (el(886c)utheisan). Past perfect of erchomai. These Jews were probably not hostile to Jesus. There were seven days of solemn mourning ( 1Sa 31:13 ). The presence of so many indicates the prominence of the family. {To Martha and Mary} (pros t(886e) Marthan kai Mariam). Correct text, not the Textus Receptus pros tas peri Marthan kai Mariam (to the women about Martha and Mary). {To console them} (hina paramuth(8873)(936e)tai). Purpose clause with hina and first aorist middle subjunctive of paramutheomai, old verb (para, beside, muthos, word), to put in a word beside, to offer consolation. Again in verse 31 . See 1Th 2:11 5:14 . See Job 2:13 for these visits of consolation, often deplorable enough, though kindly meant.經文:
約翰福音 11:20-11:20
註釋:
{That Jesus was coming} (hoti I(8873)ous erchetai). Present middle indicative retained in indirect discourse after the secondary tense (886b)ousen (first aorist active). {Went and met him} (hup(886e)t(8873)en aut(9369)). First aorist (ingressive) active indicative of hupanta(935c), old compound verb, to go to meet ( Mt 8:28 ) with the associative instrumental case aut(9369). {But Mary still sat in the house} (Mariam de en t(9369) oik(9369) ekathezeto). Imperfect middle of kathezomai, old verb to sit down, graphic picture of Mary, "while Mary was sitting in the house." Both Martha and Mary act true to form here as in Lu 10:38-42 .經文:
約翰福音 11:21-11:21
註釋:
{Lord, if thou hadst been here, my brother had not died} (Kurie, ei (8873) h(9364)e ouk an apethanen ho adelphos mou). Condition of the second class with ei and the imperfect (8873) (no aorist of eimi, to be) in the condition and an with the second aorist active indicative of apothn(8873)k(935c). Mary (verse 32 ) uses these identical words to Jesus. Clearly they had said so to each other with wistful longing if not with a bit of reproach for his delay. But they used (8873), not (886c)thes or egenou. But busy, practical Martha comes to the point.經文:
約翰福音 11:22-11:22
註釋:
{And even now I know} (kai nun oida). Rather just, "Even now I know." Alla (but) of the Textus Receptus is not genuine. {Whatsoever thou shalt ask of God} (hosa an ait(8873)(8869) ton theon). Indefinite relative (hosa, as many things as) with an and the first aorist middle (indirect middle, thou thyself asking) subjunctive of aite(935c). Martha uses aite(935c) (usual word of prayer of men to God) rather than er(9374)a(935c) (usual word of Jesus praying to the Father), but in 16:23 we have er(9374)a(935c) used of prayer to Jesus and aite(935c) of prayer to God. But the distinction is not to be pressed. "As many things as thou dost ask of God." {God will give} (d(9373)ei soi ho theos). Repetition of ho theos for emphasis. Martha still has courageous faith in the power of God through Jesus and Jesus in verse 41 says practically what she has said here.經文:
約翰福音 11:23-11:23
註釋:
{Thy brother will rise again} (anast(8873)etai ho adelphos sou). Future middle (intransitive) of anist(886d)i. The words promise Martha what she has asked for, if Jesus means that.經文:
約翰福音 11:24-11:24
註釋:
{In the resurrection at the last day} (en t(8869) anastasei en t(8869) eschat(8869) h(886d)er(8369)). Did Jesus mean only that? She believed it, of course, and such comfort is often offered in case of death, but that idea did not console Martha and is not what she hinted at in verse 22 .經文:
約翰福音 11:25-11:25
註釋:
{I am the resurrection and the life} (Eg(9320)eimi h(880a)anastasis kai h(8820)z(9388)). This reply is startling enough. They are not mere doctrines about future events, but present realities in Jesus himself. "The Resurrection is one manifestation of the Life: it is involved in the Life" (Westcott). Note the article with both anastasis and z(9388). Jesus had taught the future resurrection often ( 6:39 ), but here he means more, even that Lazarus is now alive. {Though he die} (kan apothan(8869)). "Even if he die," condition (concession) of third class with kai ean (kan) and the second aorist active subjunctive of apothn(8873)k(935c) (physical death, he means). {Yet shall he live} (z(8873)etai). Future middle of za(935c) (spiritual life, of course).經文:
約翰福音 11:26-11:26
註釋:
{Shall never die} (ou m(8820)apothan(8869) eis ton ai(936e)a). Strong double negative ou m(885c) with second aorist active subjunctive of apothn(8873)k(935c) again (but spiritual death, this time), "shall not die for ever" (eternal death). {Believest thou this?} (pisteueis touto;) Sudden test of Martha's insight and faith with all the subtle turns of thought involved.經文:
約翰福音 11:27-11:27
註釋:
{Yea, Lord} (Nai, kurie). Martha probably did not understand all that Jesus said and meant, but she did believe in the future resurrection, in eternal life for believers in Christ, in the power of Christ to raise even the dead here and now. She had heroic faith and makes now her own confession of faith in words that outrank those of Peter in Mt 16:16 because she makes hers with her brother dead now four days and with the hope that Jesus will raise him up now. {I have believed} (pepisteuka). Perfect active indicative of pisteu(935c). It is my settled and firm faith. Peter uses this same tense in 6:69 . {That thou art the Son of God} (hoti su ei ho Christos ho huios tou theou). The Messiah or the Christ ( 1:41 ) was to be also "the Son of God" as the Baptist said he had found Jesus to be ( 1:34 ), as Peter confessed on Hermon for the apostles ( Mt 16:16 ), as Jesus claimed to be ( Joh 11:41 ) and confessed on oath before Caiaphas that he was ( Mt 26:63f. ), and as John stated that it was his purpose to prove in his Gospel ( 20:31 ). But no one said it under more trying circumstances than Martha. {Even he that cometh into the world} (ho eis ton kosmon erchomenos). No "even" in the Greek. This was a popular way of putting the people's expectation ( 6:14 Mt 11:3 ). Jesus himself spoke of his coming into the world ( 9:39 16:28 8:37 ).經文:
約翰福音 11:28-11:28
註釋:
{Called Mary} (eph(936e)(8873)en Mariam). First aorist active indicative of ph(936e)e(935c). Out of the house and away from the crowd. {Secretly} (lathr(8369)). Old adverb from lathros (lanthan(935c)). To tell her the glad news. {The Master} (ho didaskalos). "The Teacher." So they loved to call him as he was ( 13:13 ). {Is here} (parestin). "Is present." {Calleth thee} (ph(936e)ei se). This rouses Mary.經文:
約翰福音 11:29-11:29
註釋:
{And she} (kai ekein(885c)). Emphatic use of the demonstrative ekeinos as often in John, "And that one." {Arose quickly} ((8867)erth(885c)). First aorist (ingressive) passive of egeir(935c) and intransitive. Naturally so on the sudden impulse of joy. {And went unto him} (kai (8872)cheto pros auton). Imperfect middle, possibly inchoative, started towards him, certainly picturing her as she was going.經文:
約翰福音 11:30-11:30
註釋:
{Now Jesus was not yet come into the town} (oup(9320)de el(886c)uthei ho I(8873)ous eis t(886e) k(936d)(886e)). Explanatory parenthesis with past perfect as in verse 19 . Martha had her interview while he was still coming (verse 20 ) and left him (went off, ap(886c)then, verse 28 ) to hurry to Mary with the news. Why Jesus tarried still where he had met Martha we do not know. Westcott says, "as though He would meet the sisters away from the crowd of mourners."經文:
約翰福音 11:31-11:31
註釋:
{Followed her} ((886b)olouth(8873)an aut(8869)). First aorist active indicative of akolouthe(935c) with associative instrumental case (aut(8869)). This crowd of consolers (paramuthoumenoi) meant kindly enough, but did the one wrong thing for Mary wished to see Jesus alone. People with kind notions often so act. The secrecy of Martha (verse 28 ) was of no avail. {Supposing that she was going unto the tomb} (doxantes hoti hupagei eis to mn(886d)eion). First aorist active participle of doke(935c), justifying their conduct by a wrong inference. Note retention of present tense hupagei in indirect discourse after the secondary tense (886b)olouth(8873)an. {To weep there} (hina klaus(8869) ekei). Purpose clause with hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of klai(935c), old verb to weep. Sometimes to wail or howl in oriental style of grief, but surely not that here. At any rate this supposed purpose of Mary was a real reason for this crowd {not} to go with her.經文:
約翰福音 11:32-11:32
註釋:
{Fell down at his feet} (epesen autou pros tous podas). Second aorist active of pipt(935c), to fall. Note unusual position of autou. This impulsive act like Mary. She said precisely what Martha had said to Jesus (verse 21 ). But she said no more, only wept (verse 33 ).經文:
約翰福音 11:33-11:33
註釋:
{When Jesus therefore saw her weeping} (I(8873)ous oun h(9373) eiden aut(886e) klaiousan). Proleptic position of "Jesus," "Jesus therefore when he saw." She was weeping at the feet of Jesus, not at the tomb. {And the Jews also weeping} (kai tous Ioudaious klaiontas). Mary's weeping was genuine, that of the Jews was partly perfunctory and professional and probably actual "wailing" as the verb klai(935c) can mean. Klai(935c) is joined with alalaz(935c) in Mr 5:38 , with ololuz(935c) in Jas 5:1 , with horube(935c) in Mr 5:39 , with penthe(935c) in Mr 16:10 . It was an incongruous combination. {He groaned in the spirit} (enebrim(8873)ato t(9369) pneumati). First aorist middle indicative of embrimaomai, old verb (from en, and rim(885c), strength) to snort with anger like a horse. It occurs in the LXX ( Da 11:30 ) for violent displeasure. The notion of indignation is present in the other examples of the word in the N.T. ( Mr 1:43 14:5 Mt 9:30 ). So it seems best to see that sense here and in verse 38 . The presence of these Jews, the grief of Mary, Christ's own concern, the problem of the raising of Lazarus--all greatly agitated the spirit of Jesus (locative case (9369) pneumati). He struggled for self-control. {Was troubled} (etaraxen heauton). First aorist active indicative of arass(935c), old verb to disturb, to agitate, with the reflexive pronoun, "he agitated himself" (not passive voice, not middle). "His sympathy with the weeping sister and the wailing crowd caused this deep emotion" (Dods). Some indignation at the loud wailing would only add to the agitation of Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 11:34-11:34
註釋:
{Where have ye laid him?} (Pou tetheikate auton;). Perfect active indicative of ith(886d)i. A simple question for information. The only other like it in John is in 6:6 where it is expressly stated that Jesus knew what he was going to do. So it was here, only he politely asked for direction to the tomb of Lazarus. The people invite him to come and see, the very language used by Philip to Nathanael ( 1:46 ). It was a natural and polite reply as they would show Jesus the way, but they had no idea of his purpose.經文:
約翰福音 11:35-11:35
註釋:
{Jesus wept} (edakrusen ho I(8873)ous). Ingressive first aorist active indicative of dakru(935c), old verb from dakru or dakruon, a tear ( Ac 20:19 ), only here in N.T. It never means to wail, as klai(935c) sometimes does. "Jesus burst into tears." Klai(935c) is used of Jesus in Lu 19:41 . See Heb 5:7 "with strong crying and tears" (meta kraug(8873) kai dakru(936e)). Apparently this was as Jesus started towards (see verse 38 ) the tomb. In a sense it was a reaction from the severe strain in verse 33 , but chiefly it was the sheer human sympathy of his heart with Martha and Mary touched with the feeling of our common weakness ( Heb 4:15 ). Often all that we can do is to shed tears in grief too deep for words. Jesus understood and understands. This is the shortest verse in the Bible, but no verse carries more meaning in it.經文:
約翰福音 11:36-11:36
註釋:
{Loved} (ephilei). As in verse 3 which see. Imperfect active. Even the Jews saw that Jesus loved Lazarus.經文:
約翰福音 11:37-11:37
註釋:
{Could not this man} (ouk edunato houtos). Imperfect middle of dunamai. They do not say dunatai (can, present middle indicative). But clearly the opening of the blind man's eyes (chapter 9) had made a lasting impression on some of these Jews, for it was done three months ago. {Have caused that this man also should not die} (poi(8873)ai hina kai houtos m(880a)apothan(8869)). First aorist active infinitive of poie(935c) with hina, like the Latin _facere ut_ (sub-final use, Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 985), with the second aorist active subjunctive apothan(8869) and negative m(885c). These Jews share the view expressed by Martha (verse 21 ) and Mary (verse 32 ) that Jesus could have {prevented} the death of Lazarus.經文:
約翰福音 11:38-11:38
註釋:
{Again groaning in himself} (palin embrim(936d)enos en heaut(9369)). Direct reference to the use of this same word (present middle participle here) in verse 33 , only with en heaut(9369) (in himself) rather than (9369) pneumati (in his spirit), practically the same idea. The speculation concerning his power stirred the depths of his nature again. {Cometh to the tomb} (erchetai eis to mn(886d)eion). Vivid historical present. {A cave} (sp(886c)aion). Old word (from speos, cavern). Cf. Mt 21:13 . {Lay against it} (epekeito ep' aut(9369)). Imperfect middle of epikeimai, old verb to lie upon as in 21:9 and figuratively ( 1Co 9:16 ). Note repetition of epi with locative case. The use of a cave for burial was common ( Ge 23:19 ). Either the body was let down through a horizontal opening (hardly so here) or put in a tomb cut in the face of the rock (if so, epi can mean "against"). The stones were used to keep away wild animals from the bodies.經文:
約翰福音 11:39-11:39
註釋:
{Take ye away the stone} (arate ton lithon). First aorist active imperative of air(935c). They could do this much without the exercise of Christ's divine power. It was a startling command to them. {By this time he stinketh} ((8864)(8820)ozei). Present active indicative of old verb, here only in N.T. (cf. Ex 8:14 ). It means to give out an odour, either good or bad. {For he hath been dead four days} ( etartaios gar estin). The Greek simply says, "For he is a fourth-day man." It is an old ordinal numeral from etartos (fourth). Herodotus (ii. 89) has etartaios genesthai of one four days dead as here. The word is only here in the N.T. The same idiom occurs in Ac 28:13 with deuteraioi (second-day men). Lightfoot (_Hor. Hebr._) quotes a Jewish tradition (_Beresh. Rabba_) to the effect that the soul hovers around the tomb for three days hoping to return to the body, but on the fourth day leaves it. But there is no suggestion here that Martha held that notion. Her protest is a natural one in spite of her strong faith in verses 22-27 .經文:
約翰福音 11:40-11:40
註釋:
{Said I not unto thee?} (Ouk eipon soi;). Jesus pointedly reminds Martha of his promise to raise Lazarus (verses 25f. ). {That if thou believedst} (hoti ean pisteus(8869)s). Indirect discourse with ean and the first aorist active subjunctive (condition of third class) retained after the secondary tense eipon. He had not said this very phrase, ean pisteus(8869)s, to Martha, but he did say to her: Pisteueis touto; (Believest thou this?). He meant to test Martha as to her faith already hinted at (verse 22 ) on this very point. Jesus had also spoken of increase of faith on the part of the disciples (verse 15 ). {Thou shouldest see the glory of God} (ops(8869) t(886e) doxan tou theou). Future middle indicative of the old defective verb hora(935c) retained in the conclusion of this condition in indirect discourse. Jesus means the glory of God as shown in the resurrection of Lazarus as he had already said to the disciples (verse 4 ) and as he meant Martha to understand (verse 25 ) and may in fact have said to her (the report of the conversation is clearly abridged). Hence Bernard's difficulty in seeing how Martha could understand the words of Jesus about the resurrection of Lazarus here and now seems fanciful and far-fetched.經文:
約翰福音 11:41-11:41
註釋:
{So they took away the stone} ((8872)an oun ton lithon). First aorist active indicative of air(935c), but without the explanatory gloss of the Textus Receptus "from the place where the dead was laid" (not genuine). {I thank thee that thou heardest me} (eucharist(9320)soi hoti (886b)ousas mou). See 6:11 for euchariste(935c). Clearly Jesus had prayed to the Father concerning the raising of Lazarus. He has the answer before he acts. "No pomp of incantation, no wrestling in prayer even; but simple words of thanksgiving, as if already Lazarus was restored" (Dods). Jesus well knew the issues involved on this occasion. If he failed, his own claims to be the Son of God (the Messiah), would be hopelessly discredited with all. If he succeeded, the rulers would be so embittered as to compass his own death.經文:
約翰福音 11:42-11:42
註釋:
{And I knew} (eg(9320)de (8869)dein). Past perfect of oida used as imperfect. This confident knowledge is no new experience with Jesus. It has "always" (pantote) been so. {Which standeth around} ( on periest(9374)a). Second perfect active (intransitive) articular participle of periist(886d)i. It was a picturesque and perilous scene. {That they may believe} (hina pisteus(9373)in). Purpose clause with hina and first ingressive aorist active subjunctive of pisteu(935c), "that they may come to believe." {That thou didst send me} (hoti su me apesteilas). First aorist active indicative of apostell(935c) and note position of su me side by side. This claim Jesus had long ago made ( 5:36 ) and had repeatedly urged ( 10:25,38 ). Here was a supreme opportunity and Jesus opens his heart about it.經文:
約翰福音 11:43-11:43
註釋:
{He cried with a loud voice} (ph(936e)(8869) megal(8869) ekraugasen). First aorist active indicative of kraugaz(935c), old and rare word from kraug(885c) ( Mt 25:6 ). See Mt 12:19 . Occurs again in Joh 18:40 19:6,12 . Only once in the LXX ( Ezr 3:13 ) and with ph(936e)(8869) megal(8869) (either locative or instrumental case makes sense) as here. For this "elevated (great) voice" see also Mt 24:31 Mr 15:34,37 Re 1:10 21:3 . The loud voice was not for the benefit of Lazarus, but for the sake of the crowd standing around that they might see that Lazarus came forth simultaneously with the command of Jesus. {Lazarus, come forth} (Lazare, deuro ex(935c)). "Hither out." No verb, only the two adverbs, deuro here alone in John. Lazarus heard and obeyed the summons.經文:
約翰福音 11:44-11:44
註釋:
{He that was dead came forth} (ex(886c)then ho tethn(886b)(9373)). Literally, "Came out the dead man," (effective aorist active indicative and perfect active articular participle of hn(8873)k(935c)). Just as he was and at once. {Bound hand and foot} (dedemenos tous podas kai tas cheiras). Perfect passive participle of de(935c) with the accusative loosely retained according to the common Greek idiom (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 486), but literally "as to the feet and hands" (opposite order from the English). Probably the legs were bound separately. {With grave-clothes} (keiriais). Or "with bands." Instrumental case of this late and rare word (in Plutarch, medical papyrus in the form k(8872)ia, and Pr 7:16 ). Only here in N.T. {His face} (h(8820)opsis autou). Old word, but pros(9370)on is usual in N.T. See Re 1:16 for another instance. {Was bound about} (periededeto). Past perfect passive of peride(935c), old verb to bind around, only here in N.T. {With a napkin} (soudari(9369)). Instrumental case of soudarion (Latin word _sudarium_ from _sudor_, sweat). In N.T. here, 20:7 Lu 19:20 Ac 19:12 . Our handkerchief. {Loose him} (lusate auton). First aorist active imperative of lu(935c). From the various bands. {Let him go} (aphete auton hupagein). Second aorist active imperative of aphi(886d)i and present active infinitive.經文:
約翰福音 11:45-11:45
註釋:
{Beheld that which he did} ( heasamenoi ho epoi(8873)en). First aorist middle participle of heaomai and first aorist active indicative of poie(935c) in the relative (ho) clause. They were eye-witnesses of all the details and did not depend on hearsay. {Believed on him} (episteusan eis auton). Such a result had happened before ( 7:31 ), and all the more in the presence of this tremendous miracle which held many to Jesus ( 12:11,17 ).經文:
約翰福音 11:46-11:46
註釋:
{Went away to the Pharisees} (ap(886c)thon pros tous Pharisaious). Second aorist active indicative of aperchomai. This "some" ( ines) did who were deeply impressed and yet who did not have the courage to break away from the rabbis without consulting them. It was a crisis for the Sanhedrin.經文:
約翰福音 11:47-11:47
註釋:
{Gathered a council} (sun(8867)agon sunedrion). Second aorist active indicative of sunag(935c) and sunedrion, the regular word for the Sanhedrin ( Mt 5:22 , etc.), only here in John. Here a sitting or session of the Sanhedrin. Both chief priests (Sadducees) and Pharisees (mentioned no more in John after 7:57 save 12:19,42 ) combine in the call (cf. 7:32 ). From now on the chief priests (Sadducees) take the lead in the attacks on Jesus, though loyally supported by their opponents (the Pharisees). {And said} (kai elegon). Imperfect active of leg(935c), perhaps inchoative, "began to say." {What do we?} (Ti poioumen;). Present active (linear) indicative of poie(935c). Literally, "What are we doing?" {Doeth} (poiei). Better, "is doing" (present, linear action). He is active and we are idle. There is no mention of the raising of Lazarus as a fact, but it is evidently inoluded in the "many signs."經文:
約翰福音 11:48-11:48
註釋:
{If we let him thus alone} (ean aph(936d)en auton hout(9373)). Condition of third class with ean and second aorist active subjunctive of api(886d)i. "Suppose we leave him thus alone." Suppose also that he keeps on raising the dead right here next door to Jerusalem! {All will believe on him} (pantes pisteusousin eis auton). Future active of pisteu(935c). The inevitable conclusion, "all" (pantes), not just "some" ( ines). as now. {And the Romans will come} (kai eleusontai hoi R(936d)aioi). Another inevitable result with the future middle of erchomai. Only if the people take Jesus as their political Messiah ( 6:15 ) as they had once started to do. This is a curious muddle for the rulers knew that Jesus did not claim to be a political Messiah and would not be a rival to Caesar. And yet they use this fear (their own belief about the Messiah) to stir themselves to frenzy as they will use it with Pilate later. {And take away both our place and our nation} (kai arousin h(886d)(936e) kai ton topon kai to ethnos). Future active of air(935c), another certain result of their inaction. Note the order here when "place" (job) is put before nation (patriotism), for all the world like modern politicians who make the fate of the country turn on their getting the jobs which they are seeking. In the course of time the Romans will come, not because of the leniency of the Sanhedrin toward Jesus, but because of the uprising against Rome led by the Zealots and they will destroy both temple and city and the Sanhedrin will lose their jobs and the nation will be scattered. Future historians will say that this fate came as punishment on the Jews for their conduct toward Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 11:49-11:49
註釋:
{Caiaphas} (Kaiaphas). Son-in-law of Annas and successor and high priest for 18 years (A.D. 18 to 36). {That year} ( ou eniautou ekeinou). Genitive of time; his high-priesthood included that year (A.D. 29 or 30). So he took the lead at this meeting. {Ye know nothing at all} (humeis ouk oidate ouden). In this he is correct, for no solution of their problem had been offered.經文:
約翰福音 11:50-11:50
註釋:
2Co 5:14f. 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Co 5' or engs='2Co 5'經文:
約翰福音 11:51-11:51
註釋:
{Not of himself} (aph' heautou ouk). Not wholly of himself, John means. There was more in what Caiaphas said than he understood. His language is repeated in 18:14 . {Prophesied} (eproph(8874)eusen). Aorist active indicative of proph(8874)eu(935c). But certainly unconscious prophecy on his part and purely accidental. Caiaphas meant only what was mean and selfish. {That Jesus should die} (hoti emellen I(8873)ous apothn(8873)kein). Imperfect active of mell(935c) in indirect discourse instead of the usual present retained after a secondary tense (eproph(8874)eusen) as sometimes occurs (see 2:25 ).經文:
約翰福音 11:52-11:52
註釋:
{But that he might also gather together into one} (all' hina sunagag(8869) eis hen). Purpose clause with hina and the second aorist active subjunctive of sunag(935c). Caiaphas was thinking only of the Jewish people (laou, ethnos, verse 50 ). The explanation and interpretation of John here follow the lead of the words of Jesus about the other sheep and the one flock in 10:16 . {That are scattered abroad} ( a dieskorpismena). Perfect passive articular participle of diaskorpiz(935c), late verb (Polybius, LXX) to scatter apart, to winnow grain from chaff, only here in John. The meaning here is not the Diaspora (Jews scattered over the world), but the potential children of God in all lands and all ages that the death of Christ will gather "into one" (eis hen). A glorious idea, but far beyond Caiaphas.經文:
約翰福音 11:53-11:53
註釋:
{So from that day} (ap' ekein(8873) oun t(8873) h(886d)eras). The raising of Lazarus brought matters to a head so to speak. It was now apparently not more than a month before the end. {They took counsel} (ebouleusanto). First aorist middle indicative of ouleu(935c), old verb to take counsel, in the middle voice for themselves, among themselves. The Sanhedrin took the advice of Caiaphas seriously and plotted the death of Jesus. {That they might put him to death} (hina apoktein(9373)in auton). Purpose clause with hina and first aorist active subjunctive of apoktein(935c). It is an old purpose ( 5:18 7:19 8:44,59 10:39 11:8 ) now revived with fresh energy due to the raising of Lazarus.經文:
約翰福音 11:54-11:54
註釋:
{Therefore walked no more openly} (oun ouketi parr(8873)i(8369) periepatei). Imperfect active of peripate(935c), to walk around. Jesus saw clearly that to do so would bring on the end now instead of his "hour" which was to be at the passover a month ahead. {Into the country near to the wilderness} (eis t(886e) ch(9372)an eggus t(8873) er(886d)ou). It was now in Jerusalem as it had become once in Galilee ( 7:1 ) because of the plots of the hostile Jews. The hill country northeast of Jerusalem was thinly populated. {Into a city called Ephraim} (eis Ephraim legomen(886e) polin). Polis here means no more than town or village (k(936d)(885c)). The place is not certainly known, not mentioned elsewhere in the N.T. Josephus mentions (_War_, IV. ix. 9) a small fort near Bethel in the hill country and in 2Ch 13:19 Ephron is named in connexion with Bethel. Up here Jesus would at least be free for the moment from the machinations of the Sanhedrin while he faced the coming catastrophe at the passover. He is not far from the mount of temptation where the devil showed and offered him the kingdoms of the world for the bending of the knee before him. Is it mere fancy to imagine that the devil came to see Jesus again here at this juncture with a reminder of his previous offer and of the present plight of the Son of God with the religious leaders conspiring his death? At any rate Jesus has the fellowship of his disciples this time (meta t(936e) math(8874)(936e)). But what were they thinking?經文:
約翰福音 11:55-11:55
註釋:
{Was near} ((886e) eggus). See 2:13 for the same phrase. This last passover was the time of destiny for Jesus. {Before the passover to purify themselves} (pro tou pascha hina hagnis(9373)in heautous). Purpose clause with hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of hagniz(935c), old verb from hagnos (pure), ceremonial purification here, of course. All this took time. These came "from the country" (ek t(8873) ch(9372)as), from all over Palestine, from all parts of the world, in fact. John shifts the scene to Jerusalem just before the passover with no record of the way that Jesus came to Jerusalem from Ephraim. The Synoptic Gospels tell this last journey up through Samaria into Galilee to join the great caravan that crossed over into Perea and came down on the eastern side of the Jordan opposite Jericho and then marched up the mountain road to Bethany and Bethphage just beside Jerusalem. This story is found in Lu 17:11-19:28 Mr 10:1-52 Mt 19:1-20:34 . John simply assumes the Synoptic narrative and gives the picture of things in and around Jerusalem just before the passover ( 11:56,57 ).經文:
約翰福音 11:56-11:56
註釋:
{They sought therefore for Jesus} (ez(8874)oun oun ton I(8873)oun). Imperfect active of z(8874)e(935c) and common oun of which John is so fond. They were seeking Jesus six months before at the feast of tabernacles ( 7:11 ), but now they really mean to kill him. {As they stood in the temple} (en t(9369) hier(9369) hest(886b)otes). Perfect active participle (intransitive) of hist(886d)i, a graphic picture of the various groups of leaders in Jerusalem and from other lands, "the knots of people in the Temple precincts" (Bernard). They had done this at the tabernacles ( 7:11-13 ), but now there is new excitement due to the recent raising of Lazarus and to the public order for the arrest of Jesus. {That he will not come to the feast?} (hoti ou m(8820)elth(8869) eis t(886e) heort(886e);). The form of the question (indirect discourse after dokeite) assumes strongly that Jesus will not (ou m(885c), double negative with second aorist active elth(8869) from erchomai) dare to come this time for the reason given in verse 57 .經文:
約翰福音 11:57-11:57
註釋:
{The chief priests and the Pharisees} (hoi archiereis kai hoi Pharisaioi). The Sanhedrin. {Had given commandment} (ded(936b)eisan entolas). Past perfect active of did(936d)i. {That he should shew it} (hina m(886e)us(8869)). Sub-final hina with first aorist active subjunctive of m(886e)u(935c), old verb to disclose, to report formally ( Ac 23:30 ). {If any man knew} (ean tis gn(9369)). Third-class condition with ean and second aorist active subjunctive of gin(9373)k(935c). {Where he was} (pou estin). Indirect question with interrogative adverb and present indicative estin retained like gn(9369) and m(886e)us(8869) after the secondary tense ded(936b)eisan. {That they might take him} (hop(9373) pias(9373)in auton). Purpose clause with hop(9373) instead of hina and first aorist active subjunctive of piaz(935c) so often used before ( 7:44 , etc.).經文:
約翰福音 12:1-12:1
註釋:
{Jesus therefore} (I(8873)ous oun). Here oun is not causal, but simply copulative and transitional, "and so" (Bernard), as often in John ( 1:22 , etc.). {Six days before the passover} (pro hex h(886d)er(936e) tou pascha). This idiom, transposition of pro, is like the Latin use of _ante_, but it occurs in the old Doric, in the inscriptions and the papyri. See Am 1:1 for it also (cf. Moulton, _Proleg_., pp. 100ff.; Robertson, _Grammar_, pp. 621f.). If the crucifixion was on Friday, as seems certain from both John and the Synoptics, then six days before would be the Jewish Sabbath preceding or more probably the Friday afternoon before, since Jesus would most likely arrive before the Sabbath. Probably we are to put together in one scene for the atmosphere Joh 11:55-57 Joh 12:1, 9-11 . {Came to Bethany, where Lazarus was, whom Jesus raised from the dead} ((8874)lhen eis B(8874)hanian, hopou (886e) Lazaros, hon (8867)eiren ek nekr(936e) I(8873)ous). Each phrase explains the preceding. There is no reason for thinking this a gloss as Bernard does. It was a place of danger now after that great miracle and the consequent rage of the Sanhedrin ( 12:9-11 ). The crowd of eager spectators to see both Lazarus and Jesus would only intensify this rage.經文:
約翰福音 12:2-12:2
註釋:
{So they made him a supper there} (epoi(8873)an oun aut(9369) deipnon ekei). Here again oun is not inferential, but merely transitional. This supper is given by Mark ( Mr 14:3-9 ) and Matthew ( Mt 26:6-13 ) just two days ( Mr 14:1 ) before the passover, that is on our Tuesday evening (beginning of Jewish Wednesday), while John mentions ( 12:2-9 ) it immediately after the arrival of Jesus in Bethany ( 12:1 ). One must decide which date to follow. Mark and Matthew and Luke follow it with the visit of Judas to the Sanhedrin with an offer to betray Jesus as if exasperated by the rebuke by Jesus at the feast. Bernard considers that John "is here more probably accurate." It all turns on John's purpose in putting it here. This is the last mention of Jesus in Bethany and he may have mentioned it proleptically for that reason as seems to me quite reasonable. Westcott notes that in chapter 12 John closes his record of the public ministry of the Lord relative to the disciples at this feast ( 1-11 ), to the multitude in the triumphal entry ( 12-19 ), to the world outside in the visit of the Greeks ( 20-36a ), and with two summary judgements ( 36b-50 ). There is no further reason to refer to the feast in the house of another Simon when a sinful woman anointed Jesus ( Lu 7:36-50 ). It is no credit to Luke or to John with Mark and Matthew to have them all making a jumble like that. There were two anointings by two absolutely different women for wholly different purposes. See the discussion on Luke for further details. {And Martha served} (kai h(8820)Martha di(886b)onei). Imperfect active of diakone(935c), picturing Martha true to the account of her in Lu 10:40 (poll(886e) diakonian, diakonein as here). But this fact does not show that Martha was the wife of this Simon at all. They were friends and neighbours and Martha was following her bent. It is Mark ( Mr 14:3 ) and Matthew ( Mt 26:6 ) who mention the name of the host. It is not Simon the Pharisee ( Lu 7:36 ), but Simon the leper ( Mr 14:3 Mt 26:6 ) in whose house they meet. The name is common enough. The Simon in Luke was sharply critical of Jesus; this one is full of gratitude for what Jesus has done for him. {That sat at meat} ( (936e) anakeimen(936e)). "That lay back," reclined as they did, articular participle (ablative case after ek) of the common verb anakeimai. Perhaps Simon gave the feast partly in honour of Lazarus as well as of Jesus since all were now talking of both ( Joh 12:9 ). It was a gracious occasion. The guests were Jesus, the twelve apostles, and Martha, Mary, and Lazarus.經文:
約翰福音 12:3-12:3
註釋:
{A pound} (litran). Latin _libra_, late _Koin(825f) (Polybius, Plutarch) word with weight of 12 ounces, in N.T. only here and 19:39 . Mark ( Mr 14:3 ) and Matthew ( Mt 26:7 ) have alabaster cruse. {Of ointment of spikenard} (murou nardou pistik(8873)). "Of oil of nard." See already 11:2 for murou (also Mt 26:7 ). Nard is the head or spike of an East Indian plant, very fragrant. Occurs also in Mr 14:3 . Pistik(8873) here and in Mr 14:3 probably means genuine (pistikos, from pistos, reliable). Only two instances in the N.T. {Very precious} (polutimou). Old compound adjective (polus, much, im(885c)), in N.T. only here, Mt 13:46 1Pe 1:7 . Mark has polutelous (very costly). Matthew ( Mt 26:7 ) has here arutimou of weighty value (only N.T. instance). {Anointed} ((886c)eipsen). First aorist active indicative of aleiph(935c), old word ( Mr 16:1 ). {The feet} ( ous podas). Mark ( Mr 14:3 ) and Matthew ( Mt 26:7 ) have "his head." Why not both, though neither Gospel mentions both? The Latin MS. _fuldensis_ and the Syriac Sinatic do give both head and feet here. {Wiped} (exemaxen). First aorist active indicative of ekmass(935c), old verb to wipe off already in 11:2 Lu 7:38,44 . {With her hair} ( ais thrixin aut(8873)). Instrumental plural. It is this item that is relied on largely by those who identify Mary of Bethany with the sinful woman in Luke 7 and with Mary Magdalene. It is no doubt true that it was usually considered immodest for a woman to wear her hair loose. But it is not impossible that Mary of Bethany in her carefully planned love-offering for Jesus on this occasion was only glad to throw such a punctilio to the winds. Such an act on this occasion does not brand her a woman of loose character. {Was filled with the odour of the ointment} (epl(8872)(9374)h(8820)ek t(8873) osm(8873) tou murou). Effective first aorist passive of pl(8872)o(935c) and a natural result.經文:
約翰福音 12:4-12:4
註釋:
{Judas Iscariot} (Ioudas ho Iskari(9374)(8873)). See ho Iskari(9374)(8873) in 14:22 . See 6:71 13:1 for like description of Judas save that in 6:71 the father's name is given in the genitive, Sim(936e)os and Iskari(9374)ou (agreeing with the father), but in 13:1 Iskari(9374)(8873) agrees with Ioudas, not with Sim(936e)os. Clearly then both father and son were called "Iscariot" or man of Kerioth in the tribe of Judah ( Jos 15:25 ). Judas is the only one of the twelve not a Galilean. {One of his disciples} (heis t(936e) math(8874)(936e) autou). Likewise in 6:71 , only there ek is used after heis as some MSS. have here. This is the shameful fact that clung to the name of Judas. {Which should betray him} (ho mell(936e) auton paradidonai). John does not say in 6:71 (emellen paradidonai auton) or here that Judas "was predestined to betray Jesus" as Bernard suggests. He had his own responsibility for his guilt as Jesus said ( Mt 26:24 ). Mell(935c) here simply points to the act as future, not as necessary. Note the contrast between Mary and Judas. "Mary in her devotion unconsciously provides for the honour of the dead. Judas in his selfishness unconsciously brings about the death itself" (Westcott).經文:
約翰福音 12:5-12:5
註釋:
{Sold} (eprath(885c)). First aorist passive indicative of piprask(935c), old verb to sell ( Mt 13:46 ). {For three hundred pence} ( riakosi(936e) d(886e)ari(936e)). Genitive of price. Same item in Mr 14:5 , while in Mt 26:9 it is simply "for much" (pollou). But all three have "given to the poor" (edoth(8820)pt(9363)hois). First aorist passive indicative of did(936d)i with dative case pt(9363)hois (note absence of the article, poor people), real beggars, mendicants ( Mt 19:21 Lu 14:13 ). But only John singles out Judas as the one who made the protest against this waste of money while Mark says that "some" had indignation and Matthew has it that "the disciples" had indignation. Clearly Judas was the spokesman for the group who chimed in and agreed with his protest. The amount here spent by Mary (ten guineas) would equal a day labourer's wages for a year (Dods).經文:
約翰福音 12:6-12:6
註釋:
{Not because he cared for the poor} (ouch hoti peri t(936e) pt(9363)h(936e) emelen aut(9369)). Literally, "not because it was a care to him concerning the poor" (impersonal imperfect of melei, it was a care). John often makes explanatory comments of this kind as in 2:21f. 7:22,39 . {But because he was a thief} (alle hoti klept(8873) (886e)). Clearly the disciples did not know then that Judas was a petty thief. That knowledge came later after he took the bribe of thirty pieces of silver for betraying Jesus ( Mt 26:15 ), for the disciples did not suspect Judas of treachery ( 13:28f. ), let alone small peculations. There is no reason for thinking that John is unfair to Judas. "Temptation commonly comes through that for which we are naturally fitted" (Westcott). In this case Judas himself was "the poor beggar" who wanted this money. {And having the bag took away what was put therein} (kai to gl(9373)sokomon ech(936e) ta ballomena ebastazen). This is the correct text. This compound for the earlier gl(9373)sokomeion (from gl(9373)sa, tongue, and kome(935c), to tend) was originally a receptacle for the tongues or mouth-pieces of wind instruments. The shorter form is already in the Doric inscriptions and is common in the papyri for "money-box" as here. It occurs also in Josephus, Plutarch, etc. In N.T. only here and 13:29 in same sense about Judas. Ballomena is present passive participle (repeatedly put in) of all(935c), to cast or fling. The imperfect active (custom) of astaz(935c), old verb to pick up ( Joh 10:31 ), to carry ( 19:17 ), but here and 20:15 with the sense to bear away as in Polybius, Josephus, Diogenes Laertes, and often so in the papyri.經文:
約翰福音 12:7-12:7
註釋:
{Suffer her to keep it against the day of my burying} (Aphes aut(886e), hina eis t(886e) h(886d)eran tou entaphiasmou mou t(8872)(8873)(8869) auto). This reading (hina t(8872)(8873)(8869), purpose clause with hina and first aorist active subjunctive of (8872)e(935c)) rather than that of the Textus Receptus (just et(8872)eken, perfect active indicative) is correct. It is supported by Aleph B D L W Theta. The hina can be rendered as above after aphes according to _Koin(825f) idiom or more probably: "Let her alone: it was that," etc. (supplying "it was"). Either makes good sense. The word entaphiasmos is a later and rare substantive from the late verb entaphiaz(935c), to prepare for burial ( Mt 26:12 Joh 19:40 ), and means preparation for burial. In N.T. only here and Mr 14:8 . "Preparation for my burial" is the idea here and in Mark. The idea of Jesus is that Mary had saved this money to use in preparing his body for burial. She is giving him the flowers before the funeral. We can hardly take it that Mary did not use all of the ointment for Mark ( Mr 14:3 ) says that she broke it and yet he adds ( Mr 14:8 ) what John has here. It is a paradox, but Jesus is fond of paradoxes. Mary has kept this precious gift by giving it now beforehand as a preparation for my burial. We really keep what we give to Christ. This is Mary's glory that she had some glimmering comprehension of Christ's death which none of the disciples possessed.經文:
約翰福音 12:8-12:8
註釋:
{Ye have always} (pantote echete). Jesus does not discredit gifts to the poor at all. But there is relativity in one's duties. {But me ye have not always} (eme de ou pantote echete). This is what Mary perceived with her delicate woman's intuition and what the apostles failed to understand though repeatedly and plainly told by Jesus. John does not mention the precious promise of praise for Mary preserved in Mr 14:9 Mt 26:13 , but he does show her keen sympathetic insight and Christ's genuine appreciation of her noble deed. It is curiously mal-a-propos surely to put alongside this incident the other incident told long before by Luke ( Lu 7:35ff. ) of the sinful woman. Let Mary alone in her glorious act of love.經文:
約翰福音 12:9-12:9
註釋:
{The common people} (ho ochlos polus). This is the right reading with the article ho, literally, "the people much or in large numbers." One is reminded of the French idiom. Gildersleeve (_Syntax_, p. 284) gives a few rare examples of the idiom ho an(8872) agathos. Westcott suggests that ochlos polus came to be regarded as a compound noun. This is the usual order in the N.T. rather than polus ochlos (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 774). Mark ( Mr 12:37 ) has ho polus ochlos. Moulton (_Proleg_., p. 84) terms ho ochlos polus here and in verse 12 "a curious misplacement of the article." John's use of ochlos is usually the common crowd as "riff-raff." {That he was} (hoti estin). Present active indicative retained in indirect discourse after the secondary tense (egn(935c), second aorist active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c)). These "Jews" are not all hostile to Jesus as in 5:10 6:41 , etc., but included some who were friendly (verse 11 ). {But that they might see Lazarus also} (all' hina kai ton Lazaron id(9373)in). Purpose clause with hina and second aorist active subjunctive of hora(935c). Motive enough to gather a great crowd, to see one raised from the dead (cf. verse 1 for the same phrase, "whom he had raised from the dead"). Some of the very witnesses of the raising of Lazarus will bear witness later (verse 17 ). It was a tense situation.經文:
約翰福音 12:10-12:10
註釋:
{The chief priests took counsel} (ebouleusanto hoi archiereis). First aorist middle indicative of ouleu(935c), old verb, seen already in 11:53 which see. The whole Sanhedrin ( 7:32 ) had decided to put Jesus to death and had asked for information concerning him ( 11:57 ) that might lead to his arrest, but the Sadducees were specially active now to accomplish the death of Lazarus also (hina with first aorist active subjunctive of apoktein(935c) as in 11:53 ). Perhaps they argued that, if they should kill both Jesus and Lazarus, then Lazarus would remain dead. The raising of Lazarus has brought matters to a crisis. Incidentally, it may be observed that here we may see the reason why the Synoptics do not tell the story of the raising of Lazarus, if he was still living (cf. the case of Malchus's name in Joh 18:10 ).經文:
約翰福音 12:11-12:11
註釋:
{Because that} (hoti). Causal use of hoti. {By reason of him} (di' auton). "Because of him," regular idiom, accusative case with dia. {Went away} (hup(8867)on). Cf. 6:67 for this verb. Inchoative imperfect active of hupag(935c), "began to withdraw" as happened at the time of the raising of Lazarus ( 11:45f. ) and the secession was still going on. {And believed on Jesus} (kai episteuon eis ton I(8873)oun). Imperfect active of pisteu(935c) (note aorist in 11:45 ). There was danger of a mass movement of the people to Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 12:12-12:12
註釋:
{On the morrow} ( (8869) epaurion). Locative case. Supply h(886d)er(8369) (day) after the adverb epaurion ("on the tomorrow day"). That is on our Sunday, Palm Sunday. {A great multitude} (ho ochlos polus). Same idiom rendered "the common people" in verse 9 and should be so translated here. {That had come} (ho elth(936e)). Second aorist active participle, masculine singular of erchomai agreeing with ochlos, "that came." {When they heard} (akousantes). First aorist active masculine plural participle of akou(935c), construction according to sense (plural, though ochlos singular). {Was coming} (erchetai). Present middle indicative of erchomai retained in indirect discourse after a secondary tense. It is a vivid picture. What they heard was: "Jesus is coming into Jerusalem." He is defying the Sanhedrin with all their public advertisement for him.經文:
約翰福音 12:13-12:13
註釋:
{Took} (elabon). Second aorist active indicative of lamban(935c). {The branches of the palm-trees} ( a baia t(936e) phoinik(936e)). Phoinix is an old word for palm-tree ( Re 7:9 for the branches) and in Ac 27:12 the name of a city. Baion is apparently a word of Egyptian origin, palm branches, here only in N.T., but in the papyri and I Macc. 13:51. Here we have "the palm branches of the palm-trees." The use in 1 Macc. 13:51 (cf. II Macc. 10:7) is in the account of Simon's triumphal entry into Jerusalem. Bernard notes that to carry palms was a mark of triumphant homage to a victor or a king ( Re 7:9 ). Palm-trees grew on the Mount of Olives ( Mr 11:8 ) on the road from Bethany to Jerusalem. The crowds (one in front and one behind, Mr 11:9 Mt 21:9 Joh 2:18 ) cut the branches as they came ( Mt 21:8 ). {To meet him} (eis hupant(8873)in aut(9369)). Literally, {for a meeting} (hupant(8873)is, late word from the verb hupanta(935c), Mt 8:28 Joh 11:20,30 12:18 , in the papyri, but only here in the N.T.) with him" (aut(9369), associative instrumental case after hupant(8873)in as after the verb in verse 18 ). It was a scene of growing excitement. {And cried out} (kai ekraugazon). Imperfect active of kraugaz(935c), old and rare verb (from kraug(885c)) as in Mt 12:19 Joh 19:15 . {Hosannah} (H(9373)annah). Transliteration of the Hebrew word meaning "Save now." The LXX renders it by S(9373)on d(885c) (Save now). {Blessed is he that cometh in the name of the Lord} (eulog(886d)enos ho erchomenos en onomati kuriou). Perfect passive participle of euloge(935c). Quotation from Ps 118:25f. , written, some think, for the dedication of the second temple, or, as others think, for the feast of tabernacles after the return ( Ezr 3:1f. ). It was sung in the processional recitation then as a welcome to the worshippers. Here the words are addressed to the Messiah as is made plain by the addition of the words, "even the king of Israel" (kai ho basileus tou Isra(886c)) as Nathanael called him ( 1:49 ). Jesus is here hailed by the multitudes as the long-looked for Messiah of Jewish hope and he allows them so to greet him ( Lu 19:38-40 ), a thing that he prevented a year before in Galilee ( Joh 6:14f. ). It is probable that "in the name of the Lord" should be taken with "blessed" as in De 21:5 2Sa 6:18 1Ki 22:16 2Ki 2:24 . The Messiah was recognized by Martha as the Coming One ( Joh 11:27 ) and is so described by the Baptist ( Mt 11:3 ). Mark ( Mr 11:10 ) adds "the kingdom that cometh" while Luke ( 19:38 ) has "the king that cometh." "It was this public acclamation of Jesus as King of Israel or King of the Jews which was the foundation of the charge made against him before Pilate ( 18:33 )" (Bernard).經文:
約翰福音 12:14-12:14
註釋:
{Found} (heur(936e)). Second aorist active participle of heurisk(935c). Through the disciples, of course, as in Mr 11:2-6 ( Mt 21:2-3,6 Lu 19:30f. ). {A young ass} (onarion). Late diminutive of onos, in Epictetus and the papyri (even the double diminitive, onaridion), only here in the N.T. See discussion of 烘t 21:5| where kai has been wrongly rendered "and" instead of "even." Rightly understood Matthew has Jesus riding only the colt like the rest.經文:
約翰福音 12:15-12:15
註釋:
{Daughter of Zion} ( hugat(8872) Si(936e)). Nominative form (instead of hugater) but vocative case. The quotation is from Zec 9:9 shortened. {Thy King cometh} (ho basileus erchetai). Prophetic futuristic present. The ass was the animal ridden in peace as the horse was in war ( Jud 10:4 12:14 2Sa 17:23 19:26 ). Zechariah pictures one coming in peace. So the people here regarded Jesus as the Prince of Peace in the triumphal entry. {Sitting on an ass's colt} (kath(886d)enos epi p(936c)on onou). Matthew ( Mt 21:6f. ) does speak of both the ass and the colt having garments put on them, but he does not say that Jesus "sat upon" both animals at once, for epan(9320)aut(936e) (upon them) probably refers to the garments, not to the colts. When John wrote (end of the century), Jerusalem had fallen. Jesus will lament over Jerusalem ( Lu 19:41ff. ). So "Fear not" (m(880a)phobou).經文:
約翰福音 12:16-12:16
註釋:
{Understood not} (ouk egn(9373)an). Second aorist active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c). Another comment by John concerning the failure of the disciples to know what was happening (cf. 2:22 7:39 ). {At the first} ( o pr(9374)on). Adverbial accusative, as in 10:40 19:39 . {Was glorified} (edoxasth(885c)). First aorist passive indicative of doxaz(935c), to glorify, used of his death already in 7:39 and by Jesus himself of his death, resurrection, and ascension in 12:23 13:31 . {Then remembered they} ( ote emn(8873)th(8873)an). First aorist passive indicative of mimn(8873)k(935c). It was easier to understand then and they had the Holy Spirit to help them ( 16:13-15 ). {Were written of him} ((886e) ep' aut(9369) gegrammena). Periphrastic past perfect passive of graph(935c) with neuter plural participle agreeing with auta (these things) and singular verb, though the plural (8873)an could have been used. Note the threefold repetition of auta in this verse, "clumsy" Bernard calls it, but making for clarity. The use of ep' aut(9369) for "of him" rather than peri autou is unusual, but occurs in Re 10:11 22:16 . {They had done} (epoi(8873)an). First aorist active indicative of poie(935c), simply, "they did."經文:
約翰福音 12:17-12:17
註釋:
{Bare witness} (emarturei). Imperfect active of marture(935c). This crowning triumph of Jesus gave an added sense of importance to the crowds that were actually with Jesus when he called Lazarus out of the tomb and raised him from the dead. For this description of this portion of the crowd see 11:45f. 12:1,9-11 .經文:
約翰福音 12:18-12:18
註釋:
{The multitude} (ho ochlos). The multitude of verse 13 , not the crowd just mentioned that had been with Jesus at the raising of Lazarus. There were two crowds (one following Jesus, one meeting Jesus as here). {Went and met him} (hup(886e)t(8873)en aut(9369)). First aorist active indicative of hupanta(935c), old compound verb (hupo, anta(935c)) to go to meet, with associative instrumental case aut(9369). Cf. Joh 4:51 . {That he had done this sign} ( outo auton pepoi(886b)enai to s(886d)eion). Perfect active infinitive in indirect discourse after (886b)ousan (first aorist active indicative of akou(935c), to hear) (instead of a hoti clause) with the accusative of general reference auton (as to him) and another accusative (s(886d)eion, sign) the object of the infinitive. Clearly there was much talk about the raising of Lazarus as the final proof that Jesus in truth is the Messiah of Jewish hope.經文:
約翰福音 12:19-12:19
註釋:
{The Pharisees therefore laid among themselves} (hoi oun Pharisaioi eipan pros heautous). Graphic picture of the predicament of the Pharisees standing off and watching the enthusiastic crowds sweep by. As people usually do, they blame each other for the defeat of their plots against Jesus and for his final victory, as it seemed. {Behold how ye prevail nothing} ( he(9372)eite hoti ouk (9370)heleite ouden). It was a pathetic confession of failure because the rest of the plotters had bungled the whole thing. "Ye help nothing at all" by your plots and plans. {Lo, the world is gone after him} (ide ho kosmos opis(9320)autou ap(886c)then). Exclamatory use of ide and timeless aorist active indicative of aperchomai. The "world" is a bunch of fools, they feel, but see for yourselves. And the Sanhedrin had advertised to "find" Jesus! They can find him now!經文:
約翰福音 12:20-12:20
註釋:
{Certain Greeks} (Hell(886e)es tines). Real Greeks, not Greek-speaking Jews (Hellenists, Ac 6:1 ), but Greeks like those in Antioch ( Ac 11:20 , correct text pros tous Hell(886e)as) to whom Barnabas was sent. These were probably proselytes of the gate or God-fearers like those worshipping Greeks in Thessalonica whom Paul won to Christ ( Ac 17:4 ). {To worship at the feast} (hina proskun(8873)(9373)in en t(8869) heort(8869)). Purpose clause with hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of proskune(935c), old and common verb to kiss the hand in reverence, to bow the knee in reverence and worship. We do not know whence they came, whether from Decapolis, Galilee, or further away. They found the pilgrims and the city ringing with talk about Jesus. They may even have witnessed the triumphal entry.經文:
約翰福音 12:21-12:21
註釋:
{To Philip which was of Bethsaida of Galilee} (Philipp(9369) t(9369) apo B(8874)hsaida t(8873) Galilaias). He had a Greek name and the Greeks may have seen Philip in Galilee where there were many Greeks, probably ( Mr 6:45 ) the Western Bethsaida in Galilee, not Bethsaida Julias on the Eastern side ( Lu 9:10 ). {Asked} ((8872)(9374)(936e)). Imperfect active, probably inchoative, "began to ask," in contrast with the aorist tense just before (pros(886c)than, came to). {Sir} (Kurie). Most respectfully and courteously. {We would see Jesus} ( helomen ton I(8873)oun idein). "We desire to see Jesus." This is not abrupt like our "we wish" or "we want," but perfectly polite. However, they could easily "see" Jesus, had already done so, no doubt. They wish an interview with Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 12:22-12:22
註釋:
{Andrew} ( (9369) Andre(8369)). Another apostle with a Greek name and associated with Philip again ( Joh 6:7f. ), the man who first brought his brother Simon to Jesus ( 1:41 ). Andrew was clearly a man of wisdom for a crisis. Note the vivid dramatic presents here, {cometh} (erchetai), {telleth} (legei). What was the crisis? These Greeks wish an interview with Jesus. True Jesus had said something about "other sheep" than Jews ( 10:16 ), but he had not explained. Philip and Andrew wrestle with the problem that will puzzle Peter on the housetop in Joppa ( Ac 10:9-18 ), that middle wall of partition between Jew and Gentile that was only broken down by the Cross of Christ ( Eph 2:11-22 ) and that many Christians and Jews still set up between each other. Andrew has no solution for Philip and they bring the problem, but not the Greeks, to Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 12:23-12:23
註釋:
12:16, 13:31 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '12' or engs='12'經文:
約翰福音 12:24-12:24
註釋:
{Except} (ean m(885c)). Negative condition of third class (undetermined, supposable case) with second aorist active participle pes(936e) (from pipt(935c), to fall) and the second aorist active subjunctive of apothn(8873)k(935c), to die. {A grain of wheat} (ho kokkos tou sitou). Rather, "the grain of wheat." {By itself alone} (autos monos). Both predicate nominatives after menei. It is not necessary to think (nor likely) that Jesus has in mind the Eleusinian mysteries which became a symbol of the mystery of spring. Paul in 1Co 15:36 uses the same illustration of the resurrection that Jesus does here. Jesus shows here the paradox that life comes through death. Whether the Greeks heard him or not we do not know. If so, they heard something not in Greek philosophy, the Christian ideal of sacrifice, "and this was foreign to the philosophy of Greece" (Bernard). Jesus had already spoken of himself as the bread of life ( 6:35-65 ). {But if it die} (ean de apothan(8869)). Parallel condition of the third class. Grains of wheat have been found in Egyptian tombs three or four thousand years old, but they are now dead. They bore no fruit.經文:
約翰福音 12:25-12:25
註釋:
{Loseth it} (apolluei aut(886e)). The second paradox. Present active indicative of apollu(935c). This great saying was spoken at various times as in Mr 8:35 ( Mt 16:25 Lu 9:24 ) and Mr 10:39 ( Lu 17:33 ). See those passages for discussion of psuch(885c) (life or soul). For "he that hateth his life" (ho mis(936e) t(886e) psuch(886e) autou) see the sharp contrasts in Luke 14:26-35 where mise(935c) is used of father, mother, wife, children, brothers, sisters, as well as one's own life. Clearly mise(935c) means "hate" when the issue is between Christ and the dearest things of life as happens when the choice is between martyrdom and apostasy. In that case one keeps his soul for eternal life by losing his life (psuch(885c), each time) here. That is the way to "guard" (phulaxei) life by being true to Christ. This is the second paradox to show Christ's philosophy of life.經文:
約翰福音 12:26-12:26
註釋:
{If any man serve me} (ean emoi tis diakon(8869)). Condition of third class again (ean with present active subjunctive of diakone(935c), keep on serving with dative emoi). {Let him follow me} (emoi akoloutheit(935c)). "Me (associative instrumental case) let him keep on following" (present active imperative of akolouthe(935c)). {Where ... there} (hopou ... ekei). In presence and spiritual companionship here and hereafter. Cf. 14:3 17:24 Mt 28:20 . {Shall honour} ( im(8873)ei). Future active of ima(935c), but it may be the kind of honour that Jesus will get (verse 23 ).經文:
約翰福音 12:27-12:27
註釋:
{My soul} (h(8820)psuch(8820)mou). The soul (psuch(885c)) here is synonymous with spirit (pneuma) in 13:21 . {Is troubled} ( etaraktai). Perfect passive indicative of arass(935c), used also in 11:33 13:21 of Jesus. While John proves the deity of Jesus in his Gospel, he assumes throughout his real humanity as here (cf. 4:6 ). The language is an echo of that in Ps 6:4 42:7 . John does not give the agony in Gethsemane which the Synoptics have ( Mr 14:35f. Mt 26:39 Lu 22:42 ), but it is quite beside the mark to suggest, as Bernard does, that the account here is John's version of the Gethsemane experience. Why do some critics feel called upon to level down to a dead plane every variety of experience in Christ's life? {And what shall I say?} (kai ti eip(933b)). Deliberative subjunctive which expresses vividly "a genuine, if momentary indecision" (Bernard). The request of the Greeks called up graphically to Jesus the nearness of the Cross. {Father, save me from this hour} (pater, s(9373)on me ek t(8873) h(9372)as taut(8873)). Jesus began his prayers with "Father" ( 11:41 ). Dods thinks that this should be a question also. Westcott draws a distinction between ek (out of) and apo (from) to show that Jesus does not pray to draw back from the hour, but only to come safely out of it all and so interprets ek in Heb 5:7 , but that distinction will not stand, for in Joh 1:44 ek and apo are used in the same sense and in the Synoptics ( Mr 14:35f. Mt 26:39 Lu 52:42 ) we have apo. If it holds here, we lose the point there. Here as in Gethsemane the soul of Jesus instinctively and naturally shrinks from the Cross, but he instantly surrenders to the will of God in both experiences. {But for this cause came I unto this hour} (alla dia touto (886c)thon eis t(886e) h(9372)an taut(886e)). It was only a moment of human weakness as in Gethsemane that quickly passed. Thus understood the language has its natural meaning.經文:
約翰福音 12:28-12:28
註釋:
{Father, glorify thy name} (pater, doxason sou to onoma). First aorist (note of urgency) active imperative of doxaz(935c) and in the sense of his death already in verses 16,23 and again in 13:31 17:5 . This is the prayer of the pneuma (or psuch(885c)) as opposed to that of the sarx (flesh) in verse 27 . The "name" (onoma) of God expresses the character of God ( 1:12 5:43 17:11 ). Cf. Mt 6:9 . {A voice out of heaven} (ph(936e)(8820)ek tou ouranou). This was the Father's answer to the prayer of Jesus for help. See already the Father's voice at the baptism of Jesus ( Mr 1:11 ) and at the transfiguration ( Mr 9:7 ). The rabbis called the audible voice of God _bath-qol_ (the daughter of a voice). {I have both glorified it and will glorify it again} (kai edoxasa kai palin doxas(935c)). This definite assurance from the Father will nerve the soul of Jesus for the coming ordeal. Cf. 11:40 for edoxasa and 13:31 17:5 for doxas(935c).經文:
約翰福音 12:29-12:29
註釋:
{That it had thundered} (ront(886e) gegonenai). Perfect active infinitive of ginomai in indirect discourse after elegen and the accusative of general reference (ront(886e), thunder, as in Mr 3:17 ), "that thunder came to pass." So the crowd "standing by" (hest(9373), second perfect active participle of hist(886d)i), but Jesus understood his Father's voice. {An angel hath spoken to him} (Aggelos aut(9369) lelal(886b)en). Perfect active indicative of lale(935c). So, when Jesus spoke to Saul on the way to Damascus, those with Saul heard the voice, but did not understand ( Ac 9:7 22:9 ).經文:
約翰福音 12:30-12:30
註釋:
{Not for my sake, but for your sakes} (ou di' eme, alla di' humas). These words seem to contradict verses 28,29 . Bernard suggests an interpolation into the words of Jesus. But why not take it to be the figure of exaggerated contrast, "not merely for my sake, but also for yours"?經文:
約翰福音 12:31-12:31
註釋:
{The judgement} (krisis). No article, "A judgement." The next few days will test this world. {The prince of this world} (ho arch(936e) tou kosmou toutou). This phrase here, descriptive of Satan as in possession of the evil world, occurs again in 14:30 16:11 . In the temptations Satan claims power over the world and offers to share it with Jesus ( Mt 4:8-10 Lu 4:5-8 ). Jesus did not deny Satan's power then, but here proclaims final victory over him. {Shall be cast out} (ekbl(8874)h(8873)etai ex(935c)). Future passive of ekball(935c). Note ex(935c), clean out. The Book of Revelation also proclaims final victory over Satan.經文:
約翰福音 12:32-12:32
註釋:
{And I, if I be lifted from the earth} (kag(9320)an hups(9374)h(930a)ek t(8873) g(8873)). Note proleptic position of eg(935c) (I). Condition of third class (undetermined with prospect) with an (=ean here) with first aorist passive subjunctive of hupso(935c), the verb used in 3:14 of the brazen serpent and of the Cross of Christ as here and also in 8:28 . Westcott again presses ek instead of apo to make it refer to the ascension rather than to the Cross, a wrong interpretation surely. {Will draw all men unto myself} (pantas helkus(9320)pros emauton). Future active of helku(935c), late form of helk(935c), to draw, to attract. Jesus had already used this verb of the Father's drawing power ( 6:44 ). The magnetism of the Cross is now known of all men, however little they understand the mystery of the Cross. By "all men" (pantas) Jesus does not mean every individual man, for some, as Simeon said ( Lu 2:34 ) are repelled by Christ, but this is the way that Greeks (verse 22 ) can and will come to Christ, by the way of the Cross, the only way to the Father ( 14:6 ).經文:
約翰福音 12:33-12:33
註釋:
{Signifying} (s(886d)ain(936e)). Present active participle of semain(935c), old verb to give a sign (s(886d)eion) as in Ac 25:27 , and the whole phrase repeated in 18:32 and nearly so in 21:19 . The indirect question here and in 18:32 has the imperfect emellen with present infinitive rather than the usual present mellei retained while in 21:19 the future indicative doxasei occurs according to rule. The point in poi(9369) (qualitative relative in the instrumental case with hanat(9369)) is the Cross (lifted up) as the kind of death before Christ.經文:
約翰福音 12:34-12:34
註釋:
{Out of the law} (ek tou nomou). That is, "out of the Scriptures" ( 10:34 15:25 ). {The Christ abideth forever} (ho Christos menei eis ton ai(936e)a). Timeless present active indicative of men(935c), to abide, remain. Perhaps from Ps 89:4 110:4 Isa 9:7 Eze 37:25 Da 7:14 . {How sayest thou?} (p(9373) legeis su;). In opposition to the law (Scripture). {The Son of man} ( on huion tou anthr(9370)ou). Accusative case of general reference with the infinitive hups(9374)h(886e)ai (first aorist passive of hupso(935c) and taken in the sense of death by the cross as Jesus used it in verse 32 ). Clearly the crowd understand Jesus to be "the Son of man" and take the phrase to be equivalent to "the Christ." This is the obvious way to understand the two terms in their reply, and not, as Bernard suggests, that they saw no connexion between "the Christ" (the Messiah) and "the Son of man." The use of "this" (houtos) in the question that follows is in contrast to verse 32 . The Messiah (the Son of man) abides forever and is not to be crucified as you say he "must" (dei) be.經文:
約翰福音 12:35-12:35
註釋:
{Yet a little while is the light among you} (eti mikron chronon to ph(9373) en humin estin). Chronon is the accusative of extent of time. Jesus does not argue the point of theology with the crowd who would not understand. He turns to the metaphor used before when he claimed to be the light of the world ( 8:12 ) and urges that they take advantage of their privilege "while ye have the light" (h(9373) to ph(9373) echete). {That darkness overtake you not} (hina m(8820)skotia humas katalab(8869)). Purpose (negative) with hina m(885c) and second aorist active subjunctive of katalamban(935c). See this verb in 1:5 . In 1Th 5:4 this verb occurs with h(886d)era (day) overtaking one like a thief. {Knoweth not whither he goeth} (ouk oiden pou hupagei). See 11:10 for this idea and the same language in 1Jo 2:11 . The ancients did not have our electric street lights. The dark streets were a terror to travellers.經文:
約翰福音 12:36-12:36
註釋:
{Believe in the light} (pisteuete eis to ph(9373)). That is, "believe in me as the Messiah" ( 8:12 9:5 ). {That ye may become sons of light} (hina huioi ph(9374)os gen(8873)the). Purpose clause with hina and second aorist subject of ginomai, to become. They were not "sons of light," a Hebrew idiom (cf. 17:12 Lu 16:8 with the contrast), an idiom used by Paul in 1Th 5:5 Eph 5:8 . It is equivalent to "enlightened men" (Bernard) and Jesus called his disciples the light of the world ( Mt 5:14 ). {Hid himself from them} (ekrub(8820)ap' aut(936e)). Second aorist passive indicative of krupt(935c), late form (in LXX) for old ekruph(885c), "was hidden from them," as in 8:59 . This part of verse 36 begins a new paragraph.經文:
約翰福音 12:37-12:37
註釋:
{Though he had done so many signs before them} ( osauta autou s(886d)eia pepoi(886b)otos emprosthen aut(936e)). Genitive absolute with perfect active participle in concessive sense of poie(935c). {Yet they believed not on him} (ouk episteuon eis auton). No "yet" in the Greek. Negative imperfect active of pisteu(935c), "they kept on not believing on him," stubborn refusal in face of the light (verse 35 ).經文:
約翰福音 12:38-12:38
註釋:
1Th 5:4 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Th 5' or engs='1Th 5'經文:
約翰福音 12:39-12:39
註釋:
{For this cause they could not believe} (dia touto ouk edunanto pisteuein). Touto (this) seems to have a double reference (to what precedes and to what follows) as in 8:47 . The negative imperfect (double augment, edunanto) of dunamai. John is not absolving these Jews from moral responsibility, but only showing that the words of Isaiah "had to be fulfilled, for they were the expression of Divine foreknowledge " (Bernard).經文:
約翰福音 12:40-12:40
註釋:
{He hath blinded} ( etuphl(936b)en). Perfect active indicative of uphlo(935c), old causative verb to make blind (from uphlos, blind), in N.T. only here, 2Co 4:4 1Jo 2:11 . {He hardened} (ep(9372)(9373)en). First aorist active indicative of p(9372)o(935c), a late causative verb (from p(9372)os, hard skin), seen already in Mr 6:52 , etc. This quotation is from Isa 6:10 and differs from the LXX. {Lest they should see} (hina m(8820)id(9373)in). Negative purpose clause with hina m(885c) instead of m(8870)ote (never used by John) of the LXX. Matthew ( Mt 13:15 ) has m(8870)ote and quotes Jesus as using the passage as do Mark ( Mr 4:12 ) and Luke ( Lu 8:10 ). Paul quotes it again ( Ac 28:26 ) to the Jews in Rome. In each instance the words of Isaiah are interpreted as forecasting the doom of the Jews for rejecting the Messiah. Matthew ( Mt 13:15 ) has sun(9373)in where John has o(8873)(9373)in (perceive), and both change from the subjunctive to the future (kai iasomai), "And I should heal them." John has here straph(9373)in (second aorist passive subjunctive of streph(935c)) while Matthew reads epistreps(9373)in (first aorist active of epistreph(935c)).經文:
約翰福音 12:41-12:41
註釋:
{Because he saw his glory} (hoti eiden t(886e) doxan autou). Correct reading here hoti (because), not hote (when). Isaiah with spiritual vision saw the glory of the Messiah and spoke (elal(8873)en) of him, John says, whatever modern critics may think or say. So Jesus said that Abraham saw his day ( 8:56 ). Cf. Heb 11:13 .經文:
約翰福音 12:42-12:42
註釋:
{Nevertheless even} (hom(9373) mentoi kai). For the old hom(9373) see 1Co 14:7 Ga 3:15 (only other examples in N.T.), here only with mentoi, "but yet," and kai, "even." In spite of what has just been said "many (polloi) even of the rulers" (recall the lonely shyness of Nicodemus in 3:1ff. ). These actually "believed on him" (episteusan eis auton) in their convictions, a remarkable statement as to the effect that Christ had in Jerusalem as the Sanhedrin plotted his death. Cf. Nicodemus and Joseph of Arimathea. {But because of the Pharisees} (alla dia tous Pharisaious). Like the whispered talk in 7:13 "because of the fear of the Jews." Once the Pharisees sneeringly asked the officers ( 7:48 ): "Hath any one of the rulers believed on him?" And now "many of the rulers have believed on him." {They did not confess} (ouch h(936d)ologoun). Negative imperfect in contrast to the punctiliar aorist episteusan. "They kept on not confessing." How like the cowardly excuses made today by those under conviction who refuse to step out for Christ. {Lest they should be put out of the synagogue} (hina m(8820)aposunag(9367)oi gen(936e)tai). Cf. 9:22 where this very word occurs in a purpose clause like this. Only once more in the N.T. ( 16:2 ), a Jewish word not in profane authors. This ostracism from the synagogue was dreaded by the Jews and made cowards of these "believing elders." {More than} (mallon (8870)er). They preferred the glory and praise of men more than the glory and praise of God. How apropos these words are to some suave cowards today.經文:
約翰福音 12:44-12:44
註釋:
{Cried and said} (ekraxen kai eipen). First aorist active indicative of kraz(935c), to cry aloud, and second aorist active of defective verb er(935c), to say. This is probably a summary of what Jesus had already said as in verse 36 John closes the public ministry of Jesus without the Synoptic account of the last day in the temple on our Tuesday ( Mr 11:27-12:44 Mt 21:23-23:39 Lu 20:1-21:4 ). {Not on me, but on him} (ou eis eme, alla eis ton). "Not on me only, but also on," another example of exaggerated contrast like that in verse 30 . The idea of Jesus here is a frequent one (believing on Jesus whom the Father has sent) as in 3:17f. 5:23f.,30,43 7:16 8:42 13:20 14:1 Mt 10:40 Lu 9:48 .經文:
約翰福音 12:46-12:46
註釋:
{I am come a light} (Eg(9320)ph(9373) el(886c)utha). As in 3:19 9:5 8:12 12:35 . Final clause (negative) also here (hina m(880a)mein(8869), first aorist active subjunctive) as in 12:35 . Light dispels darkness.經文:
約翰福音 12:47-12:47
註釋:
{If any one} (ean tis). Third-class condition with ean and first aorist active subjunctive (akous(8869)) of akou(935c) and same form (phulax(8869)) of phulass(935c) with negative m(885c). {But to save the world} (all' hina s(9373)(9320)ton kosmon). Purpose clause again (cf. hina krin(935c), just before) with hina and first aorist active of s(937a)(932e) Exaggerated contrast again, "not so much to judge, but also to save." See 3:17 for same contrast. And yet Jesus does judge the world inevitably ( 8:15f. 9:39 ), but his primary purpose is to save the world ( 3:16 ). See close of the Sermon on the Mount for the same insistence on hearing and keeping (obeying) the words of Jesus ( Mt 7:24,26 ) and also Lu 11:28 .經文:
約翰福音 12:48-12:48
註釋:
{Rejecteth} (athet(936e)). Present active participle of athete(935c), late _Koin(825f) verb (from athetos, a privative, and ith(886d)i), to render null and void, only here in John, but see Mr 6:26 7:9 . {One that judgeth him} ( on krinonta auton). Articular present active participle of krin(935c). See same idea in 5:45 9:50 . {The same} (ekeinos). "That" very word of Christ which one rejects will confront him and accuse him to the Father "at the last day" (en t(8869) eschat(8869) h(886d)erai, this phrase peculiar to John). There is no escaping it. And yet Jesus himself will bear witness for or against the one whose conduct has already revealed his attitude towards the message of God ( Mt 10:32 Lu 12:8f. ).經文:
約翰福音 12:49-12:49
註釋:
{He hath given} (ded(936b)en). Perfect active indicative. Christ has permanent commission. {What I should say and what I should speak} ( i eip(9320)kai ti lal(8873)(935c)). Indirect question retaining the deliberative subjunctive (second aorist active eip(935c), first aorist active lal(8873)(935c)). Meyer and Westcott take eip(935c) to refer to the content and lal(8873)(935c) more to the varying manner of delivery. Possibly so.經文:
約翰福音 12:50-12:50
註釋:
{Life eternal} (z(9388) ai(936e)ios). See 3:15 Mt 25:46 for this great phrase. In 6:68 Peter says to Jesus, "Thou hast the words of eternal life." Jesus had just said ( 6:63 ) that his words were spirit and life. The secret lies in the source, "as the Father hath said to me" (eir(886b)en).經文:
約翰福音 13:1-13:1
註釋:
{Now before the feast of the passover} (pro de t(8873) heort(8873) tou pascha). Just before, John means, not twenty-four hours before, that is our Thursday evening (beginning of 15th of Nisan, sunset to sunset Jewish day), since Jesus was crucified on Friday 15th of Nisan. Hence Jesus ate the regular passover meal at the usual time. The whole feast, including the feast of unleavened bread, lasted eight days. For a discussion of the objections to this interpretation of John in connexion with the Synoptic Gospels one may consult my _Harmony of the Gospels_, pp. 279-84, and David Smith's _In the Days of His Flesh_, Appendix VIII. The passover feast began on the 15th Nisan at sunset, the passover lamb being slain the afternoon of 14th Nisan. There seems no real doubt that this meal in Joh 13:1-30 is the real passover meal described by the Synoptics also ( Mr 14:18-21 Mt 26:21-25 Lu 22:21-23 ), followed by the institution of the Lord's Supper. Thus understood verse 1 here serves as an introduction to the great esoteric teaching of Christ to the apostles ( Joh 13:2-17:26 ), called by Barnas Sears _The Heart of Christ_. This phrase goes with the principal verb (8867)ap(8873)en (loved). {Knowing} (eid(9373)). Second perfect active participle, emphasizing the full consciousness of Christ. He was not stumbling into the dark as he faced "his hour" (autou h(8820)h(9372)a). See 18:4 19:28 for other examples of the insight and foresight (Bernard) of Jesus concerning his death. See on 12:23 for use before by Jesus. {That he should depart} (hina metab(8869)). Sub-final use of hina with second aorist active subjunctive of metabain(935c), old word, to go from one place to another, here ( 5:24 1Jo 3:14 ) to go from this world ( 8:23 ) back to the Father from whom he had come ( 14:12,28 16:10,28 17:5 ). {His own which were in the world} ( ous idious tous en t(9369) kosm(9369)). His own disciples ( 17:6,9,11 ), those left in the world when he goes to the Father, not the Jews as in 1:11 . See Ac 4:23 1Ti 5:8 for the idiom. John pictures here the outgoing of Christ's very heart's love (chs. Joh 13-17 ) towards these men whom he had chosen and whom he loved "unto the end" (eis telos) as in Mt 10:22 Lu 18:15 , but here as in 1Th 2:16 rather "to the uttermost." The culmination of the crisis ("his hour") naturally drew out the fulness of Christ's love for them as is shown in these great chapters ( Joh 13-17 ).經文:
約翰福音 13:2-13:2
註釋:
{During supper} (deipnou ginomenou). Correct text, present middle participle of ginomai (not genomenou, second aorist middle participle, "being ended") genitive absolute. Verse 4 shows plainly that the meal was still going on. {The devil having already put} ( ou diabolou (8864)(8820)bebl(886b)otos). Another genitive absolute without a connective (asyndeton), perfect active participle of all(935c), to cast, to put. Luke ( Lu 22:3 ) says that Satan entered Judas when he offered to betray Jesus. Hence John's "already" ((8864)(885c)) is pertinent. John repeats his statement in verse 27 . In Joh 6:70 Jesus a year ago had seen that Judas was a devil. {To betray him} (hina paradoi auton). Cf. Ac 5:3 . Purpose clause with hina and second aorist active subjunctive of paradid(936d)i (form in -oi as in Mr 14:10 rather than the usual -(9369) in Lu 22:4 ). Satan had an open door by now into the heart of Judas.經文:
約翰福音 13:3-13:3
註釋:
{Knowing} (eid(9373)). Repeated from verse 1 , accenting the full consciousness of Jesus. {Had given} (ed(936b)en). So Aleph B L W, aorist active instead of ded(936b)en (perfect active) of did(936d)i. Cf. 3:31 for a similar statement with en instead of eis. See Mt 11:27 ( Lu 10:22 ) and 28:18 for like claim by Jesus to complete power. {And that he came forth from God, and goeth unto God} (kai hoti apo theou ex(886c)then kai pros ton theon hupagei). See plain statement by Jesus on this point in 16:28 . The use of pros ton theon recalls the same words in 1:1 . Jesus is fully conscious of his deity and Messianic dignity when he performs this humble act.經文:
約翰福音 13:4-13:4
註釋:
{Riseth from supper} (egeiretai ek tou deipnou). Vivid dramatic present middle indicative of egeir(935c). From the couch on which he was reclining. {Layeth aside} ( ith(8873)in). Same dramatic present active of ith(886d)i. {His garments} ( a himatia). The outer robe allith (himation) and with only the tunic (chit(936e)) on "as one that serveth" ( Lu 22:27 ). Jesus had already rebuked the apostles for their strife for precedence at the beginning of the meal ( Lu 22:24-30 ). {A towel} (lention). Latin word _linteum_, linen cloth, only in this passage in the N.T. {Girded himself} (diez(9373)en heauton). First aorist active indicative of diaz(936e)nu(935c) (-umi), old and rare compound (in Plutarch, LXX, inscriptions, and papyri), to gird all around. In N.T. only in John ( 13:4,5 21:7 ). Did Peter not recall this incident when in 1Pe 5:5 he exhorts all to "gird yourselves with humility" ( (886e) tapeinophrosun(886e) egkomb(9373)asthe)?經文:
約翰福音 13:5-13:5
註釋:
{Poureth} (allei). Vivid present again. Literally, "putteth" (as in verse 2 , all(935c)). {Into the basin} (eis ton nipt(8872)a). From verb ipt(935c) (later form of iz(935c) in this same verse and below) to wash, found only here and in quotations of this passage. Note the article, "the basin" in the room. {Began to wash} ((8872)xato niptein). Back to the aorist again as with diez(9373)en (verse 4 ). Nipt(935c) was common for washing parts of the body like the hands or the feet. {To wipe} (ekmassein). "To wipe off" as in 12:3 . {With the towel} ( (9369) lenti(9369)). Instrumental case and the article (pointing to lention in verse 4 ). {Wherewith} (h(9369)). Instrumental case of the relative ho. {He was girded} ((886e) diez(9373)menos). Periphrastic past perfect of diaz(936e)nu(935c) for which verb see verse 4 .經文:
約翰福音 13:6-13:6
註釋:
{So he cometh} (erchetai oun). Transitional use of oun and dramatic present again (erchetai). {Lord, dost thou wash my feet?} (Kurie, su mou nipteis tous podas;). Emphatic contrast in position of su mou (away from podas), "Dost thou my feet wash?" "Peter, we may suppose, drew his feet up, as he spoke, in his impulsive humility" (Bernard).經文:
約翰福音 13:7-13:7
註釋:
{I ... thou} (eg(9320)... su). Jesus repeats the pronouns used by Peter in similar contrast. {Not now} (ouk arti). Just now arti means ( 9:19,25 ). Used again by Jesus (verse 33 ) and Peter (verse 37 ). {But thou shalt understand hereafter} (gn(9373)(8869) de meta tauta). Future middle of gin(9373)k(935c) (instead of the verb oida) to know by experience. "Thou shalt learn after these things," even if slowly.經文:
約翰福音 13:8-13:8
註釋:
{Thou shalt never wash my feet} (ou m(8820)nips(8869)s mou tous podas eis ton ai(936e)a). Strong double negative ou m(885c) with first aorist active subjunctive of ipt(935c) with eis ton ai(936e)a (for ever) added and mou (my) made emphatic by position. Peter's sudden humility should settle the issue, he felt. {If I wash thee not} (ean m(8820)nips(9320)se). Third-class condition with ean m(885c) (negative). Jesus picks up the challenge of Peter whose act amounted to irreverence and want of confidence. "The first condition of discipleship is self-surrender" (Westcott). So "Jesus, waiting with the basin" (Dods), concludes. {Thou hast no part with me} (ouk echeis meros met' emou). Not simply here at the supper with its fellowship, but in the deeper sense of mystic fellowship as Peter was quick to see. Jesus does not make foot-washing essential to spiritual fellowship, but simply tests Peter's real pride and mock-humility by this symbol of fellowship.經文:
約翰福音 13:9-13:9
註釋:
{Not my feet only, but also my hands and my head} (m(8820)tous podas mou monon alla kai tas cheiras kai t(886e) kephal(886e)). Nouns in the accusative case object of ipson understood. Peter's characteristic impulsiveness that does not really understand the Master's act. "A moment ago he told his Master He was doing too much: now he tells Him He is doing too little" (Dods).經文:
約翰福音 13:10-13:10
註釋:
{He that is bathed} (ho leloumenos). Perfect passive articular participle of lou(935c), to bathe the whole body ( Ac 9:37 ). {Save to wash his feet} (ei m(8820)tous podas nipsasthai). Aleph and some old Latin MSS. have only ipsasthai, but the other words are genuine and are really involved by the use of ipsasthai (first aorist middle infinitive of ipt(935c), to wash parts of the body) instead of lousasthai, to bathe the whole body (just used before). The guest was supposed to bathe (lou(935c)) before coming to a feast and so only the feet had to be washed ( ipt(935c)) on removing the sandals. {Clean} (katharos). Because of the bath. For katharos meaning external cleanliness see Mt 23:26 27:59 but in Joh 15:3 it is used for spiritual purity as here in "ye are clean" (katharoi). {Every whit} (holos). All of the body because of the bath. For this same predicate use of holos see 9:34 . {But not all} (all' ouchi pantes). Strongly put exception (ouchi). Plain hint of the treachery of Judas who is reclining at the table after having made the bargain with the Sanhedrin ( Mr 14:11 ). A year ago Jesus knew that Judas was a devil and said to the apostles: "One of you is a devil" ( 6:64,70 ). But it did not hurt them then nor did they suspect each other then or now. It is far-fetched to make Jesus here refer to the cleansing power of his blood or to baptism as some do.經文:
約翰福音 13:11-13:11
註釋:
{For he knew him that should betray him} ((8869)dei gar ton paradidonta auton). Past perfect (8869)dei used as imperfect. Jesus had known for a year at least ( 6:64,70 ) and yet he treated Judas with his usual courtesy. The articular present participle of paradid(936d)i, "the betraying one," for Judas was already engaged in the process. Did Judas wince at this thrust from Jesus?經文:
約翰福音 13:12-13:12
註釋:
{Sat down again} (anepesen palin). Second aorist active indicative of anapipt(935c), old compound verb to fall back, to lie down, to recline. Palin (again) can be taken either with anepesen, as here, or with eipen (he said again). {Know ye what I have done to you?} (gin(9373)kete ti pepoi(886b)a humin;). "Do ye understand the meaning of my act?" Perfect active indicative of poie(935c) with dative case (humin). It was a searching question, particularly to Simon Peter and Judas.經文:
約翰福音 13:13-13:13
註釋:
{Ye} (humeis). Emphatic. {Call me} (ph(936e)eite me). "Address me." Ph(936e)e(935c) regular for addressing one with his title ( 1:48 ). {Master} (Ho didaskalos). Nominative form (not in apposition with me accusative after ph(936e)eite), but really vocative in address with the article (called titular nominative sometimes) like Ho Kurios kai ho theos mou in 20:28 . "Teacher." See 11:28 for Martha's title for Jesus to Mary. {Lord} (Ho Kurios). Another and separate title. In 1:38 we have Didaskale (vocative form) for the Jewish Rabbei and in 9:36,38 Kurie for the Jewish _Mari_. It is significant that Jesus approves (kal(9373), well) the application of both titles to himself as he accepts from Thomas the terms kurios and heos. {For I am} (eimi gar). Jesus distinctly claims here to be both Teacher and Lord in the full sense, at the very moment when he has rendered this menial, but symbolic, service to them. Here is a hint for those who talk lightly about "the peril of worshipping Jesus!"經文:
約翰福音 13:14-13:14
註釋:
{If I then} (ei oun eg(935c)). Argumentative sense of oun (therefore). Condition of first class, assumed to be true, with first aorist active indicative of ipt(935c), "If I, being what I am, washed your feet" (as I did). {Ye also ought} (kai humeis opheilete). The obligation rests on you _a fortiori_. Present active indicative of the old verb opheil(935c), to owe a debt ( Mt 18:30 ). The mutual obligation is to do this or any other needed service. The widows who washed the saints' feet in 1Ti 5:10 did it "as an incident-of their hospitable ministrations" (Bernard). Up to 1731 the Lord High Almoner in England washed the feet of poor saints (_pedilavium_) on Thursday before Easter, a custom that arose in the fourth century, and one still practised by the Pope of Rome.經文:
約翰福音 13:15-13:15
註釋:
1Pe 5:3 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Pe 5' or engs='1Pe 5'經文:
約翰福音 13:16-13:16
註釋:
{Is not greater} (ouk estin meiz(936e)). Comparative adjective of megas (greater) followed by the ablative case kuriou (contrast between slave, lord) and ou pempsantos (articular participle of pemp(935c), to send, with contrast with apostle, "one sent" (apostolos) from apostell(935c)). Jesus here enforces the dignity of service. In Lu 22:27 Jesus argues this point a bit. In Lu 6:40 the contrast is between the pupil and the teacher, though some pupils consider themselves superior to the teacher. In Mt 10:24 Jesus uses both forms of the saying (pupil and slave). He clearly repeated this logion often.經文:
約翰福音 13:17-13:17
註釋:
{If ye know} (ei oidate). Condition of first class assumed as true, ei and present (oidate used as present) active indicative. {If ye do} (ean poi(8874)e). Third-class condition, ean and present active subjunctive, assumed as possible, "if ye keep on doing." Both conditions with the one conclusion coming in between, "happy are ye." Just knowing does not bring happiness nor just occasional doing.經文:
約翰福音 13:18-13:18
註釋:
{Not of you all} (ou peri pant(936e)). As in verse 11 , he here refers to Judas whose treachery is no surprise to Jesus ( 6:64,70 ). {Whom I have chosen} ( inas exelexam(886e)). Indirect question, unless inas is here used as a relative like hous. The first aorist middle indicative of ekleg(935c) is the same form used in 6:70 . Jesus refers to the choice ( Lu 6:13 eklexamenos, this very word again) of the twelve from among the large group of disciples. That the scripture might be fulfilled (all' hina h(8820)graph(8820)pl(8872)(9374)h(8869)). See the same clause in 17:12 . Purpose clause with hina and first aorist passive subjunctive of pl(8872)o(935c). This treachery of Judas was according to the eternal counsels of God ( 12:4 ), but none the less Judas is responsible for his guilt. For a like elliptical clause see 9:3 15:25 . The quotation is from the Hebrew of Ps 41:9 . {He that eateth} (ho tr(9367)(936e)). Present active participle of old verb to gnaw, to chew, to eat, in N.T. only in John ( 6:54,56,57,58 13:18 ) and Mt 26:38 . LXX has here ho esthi(936e). {Lifted up his heel against me} (ep(8872)en ep' eme t(886e) pternan autou). First aorist active indicative of epair(935c). Pterna, old word for heel, only here in N.T. The metaphor is that of kicking with the heel or tripping with the heel like a wrestler. It was a gross breach of hospitality to eat bread with any one and then turn against him so. The Arabs hold to it yet.經文:
約翰福音 13:19-13:19
註釋:
{From henceforth} (ap' arti). "From now on," as in 14:7 Mt 23:39 Re 14:13 . {Before it come to pass} (pro tou genesthai). Pro with ablative of the articular second aorist middle infinitive ginomai (before the coming to pass). {When it is come to pass} (hotan gen(8874)ai). Indefinite relative clause with hotan and the second aorist middle subjunctive of ginomai, "whenever it does come to pass." {That ye may believe} (hina pisteu(8874)e). Purpose clause with hina and present active subjunctive of pisteu(935c), "that ye may keep on believing." Cf. Isa 48:5 . {That I am he} (hoti eg(9320)eimi). As Jesus has repeatedly claimed to be the Messiah ( 8:24,58 , etc.). Cf. also 14:29 (pisteus(8874)e here); 16:4 .經文:
約翰福音 13:20-13:20
註釋:
{Whomsoever I send} (an tina pemps(935c)). More precisely, "If I send any one" (third-class condition, an=ean and ina, indefinite pronoun accusative case, object of pemps(935c), first aorist active subjunctive of pemp(935c), to send). This use of ei tis or ean tis (if any one) is very much like the indefinite relative hostis and hos an (or ean), but the idiom is different. In Mr 8:34f. we have both ei tis thelei and hos ean while in Joh 14:13f. we find hoti an and ean ti (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 956).經文:
約翰福音 13:21-13:21
註釋:
{He was troubled in the spirit} (etarachth(8820)toi pneumati). First aorist passive indicative of arass(935c) and the locative case of pneuma. See already 11:33 12:27 for this use of arass(935c) for the agitation of Christ's spirit. In 14:1,27 it is used of the disciples. Jesus was one with God ( 5:19 ) and yet he had our real humanity ( 1:14 ). {Testified} (emartur(8873)en). First aorist active indicative of marture(935c), definite witness as in 4:44 18:37 . {One of you shall betray me} (heis ex hum(936e) parad(9373)ei me). Future active of paradid(936d)i, to betray, the word so often used of Judas. This very language occurs in Mr 14:18 Mt 26:21 and the idea in Lu 22:21 . Jesus had said a year ago that "one of you is a devil" ( Joh 6:70 ), but it made no such stir then. Now it was a bolt from the blue sky as Jesus swept his eyes around and looked at the disciples.經文:
約翰福音 13:22-13:22
註釋:
{Looked one on another} (eblepon eis all(886c)ous). Inchoative imperfect of lep(935c), "began to glance at one another in bewilderment (doubting, aporoumenoi, present passive participle of apore(935c), to be at a loss, to lose one's way, a privative and poros, way). They recalled their strife about precedence and Judas betrayed nothing. {Concerning whom he spake} (peri tinos legei). Indirect question retaining present active indicative legei. See same note in 烘r 14:19; Mt 26:22; Lu 22:23|.經文:
約翰福音 13:23-13:23
註釋:
{Was at the table reclining in Jesus' bosom} ((886e) anakeimenos en t(9369) kolp(9369) tou I(8873)ou). No word for "table" in the text. Periphrastic imperfect of anakeimai, to lie back, to recline. Kolpos usual word for bosom ( 1:18 ). {Whom Jesus loved} (hon (8867)apa I(8873)ous). Imperfect active of agapa(935c), John's description of himself of which he was proud ( 19:26 20:2 21:7,20 ), identified in 21:24 as the author of the book and necessarily one of the twelve because of the "explicit" (Bernard) language of Mark ( Mr 14:17 Lu 22:14 ). John son of Zebedee and brother of James. At the table John was on the right of Jesus lying obliquely so that his head lay on the bosom of Jesus. The centre, the place of honour, Jesus occupied. The next place in rank was to the left of Jesus, held by Peter (Westcott) or by Judas (Bernard) which one doubts.經文:
約翰福音 13:24-13:24
註釋:
{Beckoneth} ( euei). Old verb to nod, in N.T. only here and Ac 24:10 . They were all looking in surprise at each other. {Tell us who it is of whom he speaketh} (eipe tis estin peri hou legei). Second aorist active imperative with indirect question ( is) and relative clause (peri hou). Peter was cautious, but could not contain his curiosity. John in front of Jesus was in a favourable position to have a whispered word with him. {Breast} (st(8874)hos). As in 21:20 Lu 18:13 in place of kolpon (verse 23 ). This is the moment represented in Leonardo da Vinci's "Last Supper," only he shows the figures like the monks for whom he painted it.經文:
約翰福音 13:25-13:25
註釋:
{He} (ekeinos). "That one" (John). {Leaning back} (anapes(936e)). Second aorist active participle of anapipt(935c), to fall back. {As he was} (hout(9373)). "Thus." It was easily done.經文:
約翰福音 13:26-13:26
註釋:
{He} (ekeinos). Emphatic pronoun again. {For whom I shall dip the sop} (h(9369) eg(9320)baps(9320)to ps(936d)ion). Dative case of the relative (h(9369)) and future active of apt(935c), to dip ( Lu 16:24 ). Ps(936d)ion is a diminutive of ps(936d)os, a morsel, a common _Koin(825f) word (in the papyri often), in N.T. only in this passage. It was and is in the orient a token of intimacy to allow a guest to dip his bread in the common dish (cf. Ru 2:14 ). So Mr 14:20 . Even Judas had asked: "Is it I?" ( Mr 14:19 Mt 26:22 ). {Giveth it to Judas} (did(9373)in Ioud(8369)). Unobserved by the others in spite of Christ's express language, because "it was so usual a courtesy" (Bernard), "the last appeal to Judas' better feeling" (Dods). Judas now knew that Jesus knew his plot.經文:
約翰福音 13:27-13:27
註釋:
{Then entered Satan into him} ( ote eis(886c)then eis ekeinon ho Satanas). The only time the word Satan occurs in the Gospel. As he had done before ( 13:2 Lu 22:3 ) until Christ considered him a devil ( 6:70 ). This is the natural outcome of one who plays with the devil. {That thou doest, do quickly} (Ho poieis poi(8873)on tacheion). Aorist active imperative of poie(935c). "Do more quickly what thou art doing." Tacheion is comparative of ache(9373) ( Joh 11:31 ) and in N.T. only here, 20:4 Heb 13:19,23 . See the eagerness of Jesus for the passion in Lu 12:50 .經文:
約翰福音 13:28-13:28
註釋:
{No one knew} (oudeis egn(935c)). Second aorist active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c). The disciples had not yet perceived the treacherous heart of Judas.經文:
約翰福音 13:29-13:29
註釋:
{Some thought} ( ines edokoun). Imperfect active of doke(935c). Mere inference in their ignorance. {The bag} ( o gl(9373)sokomon). See on 氣2:6| for this word. {What things we have need of} (h(936e) chreian echomen). Antecedent ( auta) of the relative (hon) not expressed. {For the feast} (eis t(886e) heort(886e)). The feast of unleavened bread beginning after the passover meal and lasting eight days. If this was twenty-four hours ahead of the passover meal, there was no hurry for next day would be in ample time. {Or that he should give something to the poor} ((8820)tois pt(9363)hois hina ti d(9369)). Another alternative in their speculation on the point. Note prolepsis of ois pt(9363)hois (dative case) before hina d(9369) (final clause with hina and second aorist active subjunctive of did(936d)i).經文:
約翰福音 13:30-13:30
註釋:
{Having received the sop} (lab(936e) to ps(936d)ion). Second aorist active participle of lamban(935c). Judas knew what Jesus meant, however ignorant the disciples. So he acted "straightway" (euthus). {And it was night} ((886e) de nux). Darkness falls suddenly in the orient. Out into the terror and the mystery of this dreadful night (symbol of his devilish work) Judas went.經文:
約翰福音 13:31-13:31
註釋:
{Now} ( un). Now at last, the crisis has come with a sense of deliverance from the presence of Judas and of surrender to the Father's will (Westcott). {Is glorified} (edoxasth(885c)). First aorist passive of doxaz(935c), consummation of glory in death both for the Son and the Father. For this verb in this sense see already 7:39 12:16 and later 17:3 . Four times here in verses 31f .經文:
約翰福音 13:32-13:32
註釋:
{In himself} (en haut(9369)). Reflexive pronoun. God is the source of the glory ( 17:5 ) and is the glory succeeding the Cross (the glory with the Father in heaven). {And straightway} (kai euthus). No postponement now. First and quickly the Cross, then the Ascension.經文:
約翰福音 13:33-13:33
註釋:
{Little children} ( eknia). Diminutive of ekna and affectionate address as Jesus turns to the effect of his going on these disciples. Only here in this Gospel, but common in I John ( 1Jo 2:1 , etc.), and nowhere else in N.T. {Yet a little while} (eti mikron). Accusative of extent of time. See also 7:33 8:21 (to which Jesus here refers); 16:16-19 . {So now I say unto you} (kai humin leg(9320)arti). This juncture point (arti) of time relatively to the past and the future ( 9:25 16:12,31 ).經文:
約翰福音 13:34-13:34
註釋:
{New} (kain(886e)). First, in contrast with the old (archaios, palaios), the very adjective used in 1Jo 2:7 ) of the "commandment" (entol(886e)) at once called old (palaia). They had had it a long time, but the practice of it was new. Jesus does not hesitate, like the Father, to give commandments ( 15:10,12 ). {That ye love one another} (hina agap(8374)e all(886c)ous). Non-final use of hina with present active subjunctive of agapa(935c), the object clause being in the accusative case in apposition with entol(886e). Note the present tense (linear action), "keep on loving." {Even as} (kath(9373)). The measure of our love for another is set by Christ's love for us.經文:
約翰福音 13:35-13:35
註釋:
{By this} (en tout(9369)). Locative case with en, "In this way," viz., "if ye have love" (ean agap(886e) ech(8874)e), condition of third class (in apposition with en tout(9369)) with ean and present active subjunctive of ech(935c) ("keep on having love"). See 17:23 where Jesus prays for mutual love among the disciples "that the world may know" that the Father sent him. Jerome (_ad Galat_. vi. 10) says that in his extreme old age John repeated often this command of Jesus and justified it: "Because it is the Lord's commandment; and if it be fulfilled it is enough." See also 14:31 . Tertullian (_Apol_. 39) urges it also as proof of being disciples. Hatred of one another _per contra_, is an argument that we are ot disciples (learners) of Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 13:36-13:36
註釋:
{Whither goest thou?} (pou hupageis;). Peter is puzzled just as the Pharisees were twice ( 7:35 8:21f. ).經文:
約翰福音 13:37-13:37
註釋:
{"Why can I not follow thee even now?"} (dia ti ou dunamai soi akolouthein arti;). The use of arti (right now, this minute) instead of un (at this time, verse 36 ) illustrates the impatience of Peter. {I will lay down my life for thee} ( en psuch(886e) mou huper sou th(8873)(935c)). Future active indicative of ith(886d)i. Peter, like the rest, had not yet grasped the idea of the death of Christ, but, like Thomas ( 11:16 ), he is not afraid of danger. He had heard Christ's words about the good shepherd ( 10:11 ) and knew that such loyalty was the mark of a good disciple.經文:
約翰福音 13:38-13:38
註釋:
{Wilt thou lay down?} ( h(8873)eis;). Jesus picks up Peter's very words and challenges his boasted loyalty. See such repetition in 16:16f.,31 21:17 . {Shall not crow} (ph(936e)(8873)(8869)). Aorist active subjunctive of ph(936e)e(935c), to use the voice, used of animals and men. Note strong double negative ou m(885c). Mark adds dis (twice). John's report is almost identical with that in Lu 22:34 . The other disciples joined in Peter's boast ( Mr 14:31 Mt 26:35 ). {Till thou hast denied} (he(9373) hou arn(8873)(8869)). Future middle indicative or aorist middle subjunctive second person singular (form identical) with compound conjunction he(9373) hou (until which time), "till thou deny or deniest" (_futurum exactum_ needless). Peter is silenced for the present. They all "sat astounded and perplexed" (Dods).經文:
約翰福音 14:1-14:1
註釋:
{Let not your heart be troubled} (m(8820)tarassesth(9320)hum(936e) h(880a)kardia). Not here the physical organ of life ( Lu 21:34 ), but the seat of spiritual life (pneuma, psuch(885c)), the centre of feeling and faith ( Ro 10:10 ), "the focus of the religious life" (Vincent) as in Mt 22:37 . See these words repeated in 14:27 . Jesus knew what it was to have a "troubled" heart ( 11:33 13:31 ) where arass(935c) is used of him. Plainly the hearts of the disciples were tossed like waves in the wind by the words of Jesus in 13:38 . {Ye believe ... believe also} (pisteuete ... kai pisteuete). So translated as present active indicative plural second person and present active imperative of pisteu(935c). The form is the same. Both may be indicative (ye believe ... and ye believe), both may be imperative (believe ... and believe or believe also), the first may be indicative (ye believe) and the second imperative (believe also), the first may be imperative (keep on believing) and the second indicative (and ye do believe, this less likely). Probably both are imperatives ( Mr 11:22 ), "keep on believing in God and in me."經文:
約翰福音 14:2-14:2
註釋:
{Mansions} (monai). Old word from men(935c), to abide, abiding places, in N.T. only here and verse 23 . There are many resting-places in the Father's house (oikia). Christ's picture of heaven here is the most precious one that we possess. It is our heavenly home with the Father and with Jesus. {If it were not so} (ei de m(885c)). Ellipsis of the verb ( Mr 2:21 Re 2:5,16 Joh 14:11 ). Here a suppressed condition of the second class (determined as unfulfilled) as the conclusion shows. {I would have told you} (eipon an humin). Regular construction for this apodosis (an and aorist--second active--indicative). {For I go} (hoti poreuomai). Reason for the consolation given, futuristic present middle indicative, and explanation of his words in 13:33 that puzzled Peter so ( 13:36f. ). {To prepare a place for you} (hetoimasai topon humin). First aorist active infinitive of purpose of hetoimaz(935c), to make ready, old verb from hetoimos. Here only in John, but in Mr 10:40 ( Mt 20:23 ). It was customary to send one forward for such a purpose ( Nu 10:33 ). So Jesus had sent Peter and John to make ready (this very verb) for the passover meal ( Mr 14:12 Mt 26:17 ). Jesus is thus our Forerunner (prodromos) in heaven ( Heb 6:20 ).經文:
約翰福音 14:3-14:3
註釋:
{If I go} (ean poreuth(935c)). Third-class condition (ean and first aorist passive subjunctive of poreuomai). {And prepare} (kai hetoimas(935c)). Same condition and first aorist active subjunctive of the same verb hetoimaz(935c). {I come again} (palin erchomai). Futuristic present middle, definite promise of the second coming of Christ. {And will receive you unto myself} (kai paral(886d)psomai humas pros emauton). Future middle of paralamban(935c). Literally, "And I shall take you along (para-) to my own home" (cf. 13:36 ). This blessed promise is fulfilled in death for all believers who die before the Second Coming. Jesus comes for us then also. {That where I am there ye may be also} (hina hopou eimi eg(9320)kai humeis (8874)e). Purpose clause with hina and present active subjunctive of eimi. This the purpose of the departure and the return of Christ. And this is heaven for the believer to be where Jesus is and with him forever.經文:
約翰福音 14:4-14:4
註釋:
{Ye know the way} (oidate t(886e) hodon). Definite allusion to the puzzle of Peter in 13:36f . The path to the Father's house is now plain.經文:
約翰福音 14:5-14:5
註釋:
{Whither} (pou)--{how} (p(9373)). It is Thomas, not Peter ( 13:36f. ) who renews the doubt about the destination of Jesus including the path or way thither ( (886e) hodon). Thomas is the spokesman for the materialistic conception then and now.經文:
約翰福音 14:6-14:6
註釋:
{I am the way, and the truth, and the life} (Eg(9320)eimi h(880a)hodos kai h(8820)al(8874)heia kai h(8820)z(9388)). Either of these statements is profound enough to stagger any one, but here all three together overwhelm Thomas. Jesus had called himself "the life" to Martha ( 11:25 ) and "the door" to the Pharisees ( 10:7 ) and "the light of the world" ( 8:12 ). He spoke "the way of God in truth" ( Mr 12:14 ). He is the way to God and the only way (verse 6 ), the personification of truth, the centre of life. {Except by me} (ei m(8820)di' emou). There is no use for the Christian to wince at these words of Jesus. If he is really the Incarnate Son of God ( 1:1,14,18 , they are necessarily true.經文:
約翰福音 14:7-14:7
註釋:
{If ye had known me} (ei egn(936b)eite me). Past perfect indicative of gin(9373)k(935c), to know by personal experience, in condition of second class as is made plain by the conclusion (an (8869)dete) where oida, not gin(9373)k(935c) is used. Thomas and the rest had not really come to know Jesus, much as they loved him. {From henceforth ye know him} (ap' arti gin(9373)kete auton). Probably inchoative present active indicative, "ye are beginning to know the Father from now on." {And have seen him} (kai he(9372)akate). Perfect active indicative of hora(935c). Because they had seen Jesus who is the Son of God, the Image of God, and like God ( 1:18 ). Hence God is like Jesus Christ. It is a bold and daring claim to deity. The only intelligible conception of God is precisely what Jesus here says. God is like Christ.經文:
約翰福音 14:8-14:8
註釋:
{Show us} (deixon h(886d)in). Philip now speaks up, possibly hoping for a theophany ( Ex 33:18f. ), certainly not grasping the idea of Jesus just expressed.經文:
約翰福音 14:9-14:9
註釋:
{So long time} ( osouton chronon). Accusative of extent of time. {And dost thou not know me?} (kai ouk egn(936b)as me;). Perfect active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c). Jesus patiently repeats his language to Philip with the crisp statement: "he that hath seen me hath seen the Father" (ho he(9372)ak(9373) eme e(9372)aken ton patera). Perfect active participle and perfect active indicative of hora(935c), state of completion. {Thou} (su). Emphatic--After these years together.經文:
約翰福音 14:10-14:10
註釋:
{Believest thou not?} (ou pisteueis;). Jesus had a right to expect greater faith from these men than from the blind man ( 9:35 ) or Martha ( 11:27 ). His words in 14:1 are clearly needed. This oneness with the Father Jesus had already stated ( 10:38 ) as shown by his "words" ( (886d)ata) and his "works" (erga). Cf. 3:34 5:19 6:62 .經文:
約翰福音 14:11-14:11
註釋:
{Believe me} (pisteuete moi). Repeated appeal (present active imperative of pisteu(935c)) as in 14:1 to his disciples and as he had done with the hostile Jews to be influenced by his "works" at any rate ( 10:38 ).經文:
約翰福音 14:12-14:12
註釋:
{Shall he do also} (kakeinos poi(8873)ei). Emphatic pronoun ekeinos, "that one also." {Greater works than these} (meizona tout(936e)). Comparative adjective neuter plural from megas with ablative case out(936e). Not necessarily greater miracles and not greater spiritual works in quality, but greater in quantity. Cf. Peter at Pentecost and Paul's mission tours. "Because I go" (hoti eg(9320)poreuornai). Reason for this expansion made possible by the Holy Spirit as Paraclete ( 16:7 ).經文:
約翰福音 14:13-14:13
註釋:
{Whatsoever ye shall ask} (hoti an ait(8873)(8874)e). Indefinite relative clause with hoti (neuter accusative singular of hostis), an and the aorist active subjunctive of aite(935c). This is an advance thought over verse 12 . {In my name} (en t(9369) onomati mou). First mention of his "name" as the open sesame to the Father's will. See also 14:26 15:16 16:23,24,26 . {That will I do} ( outo poi(8873)(935c)). The Father answers prayers ( 15:16 16:23 ), but so does the Son (here and verse 14 ). The purpose (hina clause with first aorist passive subjunctive of doxaz(935c)) is "that the Father may be glorified in the Son." Plead Christ's name in prayer to the Father.經文:
約翰福音 14:14-14:14
註釋:
{If ye shall ask me anything in my name} (ean ti ait(8873)(8874)e me en t(9369) onomati mou). Condition of third class with ean and first aorist active subjunctive of aite(935c). The use of me (me) here is supported by Aleph B 33 Vulgate Syriac Peshitta. Just this phrase does not occur elsewhere in John and seems awkward, but see 16:23 . If it is genuine, as seems likely, here is direct prayer to Jesus taught as we see it practiced by Stephen in Ac 7:59 ; and in Re 22:20 .經文:
約翰福音 14:15-14:15
註釋:
{If ye love me} (ean agap(8374)e me). Third-class condition "if ye keep on loving (present active subjunctive, same contract form as indicative) me." Cf. verse 23 . {Ye will keep} ( (8872)(8873)ete). Future active of (8872)e(935c), not aorist imperative (8872)(8873)ate (keep) as some MSS. have. For this phrase see also 8:51 14:23,24 14:20 1Jo 2:5 . Continued love prevents disobedience.經文:
約翰福音 14:16-14:16
註釋:
{And I will pray the Father} (kag(9320)er(9374)(8873)(9320)ton patera). Er(9374)a(935c) for prayer, not question (the old use), also in 16:23 (prayer to Jesus in same sense as aite(935c)), 26 (by Jesus as here); 17:9 (by Jesus), "make request of." {Another Comforter} (allon parakl(8874)on). Another of like kind (allon, not heteron), besides Jesus who becomes our Paraclete, Helper, Advocate, with the Father ( 1Jo 2:1 , Cf. Ro 8:26f. ). This old word (Demosthenes), from parakale(935c), was used for legal assistant, pleader, advocate, one who pleads another's cause (Josephus, Philo, in illiterate papyrus), in N.T. only in John's writings, though the idea of it is in Ro 8:26-34 . Cf. Deissmann, _Light, etc._, p. 336. So the Christian has Christ as his Paraclete with the Father, the Holy Spirit as the Father's Paraclete with us ( Joh 14:16,26 15:26 16:7 1Jo 2:1 ). {For ever} (eis ton ai(936e)a). This the purpose (hina) in view and thus Jesus is to be with his people here forever ( Mt 28:20 ). See 4:14 for the idiom.經文:
約翰福音 14:17-14:17
註釋:
{The Spirit of truth} ( o pneuma t(8873) al(8874)heias). Same phrase in 15:27 16:13 1Jo 4:6 , "a most exquisite title" (Bengel). The Holy Spirit is marked by it (genitive case), gives it, defends it (cf. 1:17 ), in contrast to the spirit of error ( 1Jo 4:6 ). {Whom} (ho). Grammatical neuter gender (ho) agreeing with pneuma (grammatical), but rightly rendered in English by "whom" and note masculine ekeinos (verse 26 ). He is a person, not a mere influence. {Cannot receive} (ou dunatai labein). Left to itself the sinful world is helpless ( 1Co 2:14 Ro 8:7f. ), almost Paul's very language on this point. The world lacks spiritual insight (ou the(9372)ei) and spiritual knowledge (oude gin(9373)kei). It failed to recognize Jesus ( 1:10 ) and likewise the Holy Spirit. {Ye know him} (humeis gin(9373)kete auto). Emphatic position of humeis (ye) in contrast with the world ( 15:19 ), because they have seen Jesus the Revealer of the Father (verse 9 ). {Abides} (menei). Timeless present tense. {With you} (par' humin). "By your side," "at home with you," not merely "with you" (meth' hum(936e)) "in the midst of you." {In you} (en humin). In your hearts. So note meta ( 16 ), para, en.經文:
約翰福音 14:18-14:18
註釋:
{I will not leave} (ouk aph(8873)(935c)). Future active of aphi(886d)i, to send away, to leave behind. {Desolate} (orphanous). Old word (orphos, Latin _orbus_), bereft of parents, and of parents bereft of children. Common in papyri of orphan children. In 13:33 Jesus called the disciples eknia (little children), and so naturally the word means "orphans" here, but the meaning may be "helpless" (without the other Paraclete, the Holy Spirit). The only other N.T. example is in Jas 1:27 where it means "fatherless." {I come} (erchomai). Futuristic present as in verse 3 .經文:
約翰福音 14:19-14:19
註釋:
{But ye behold me} (humeis de the(9372)eite me). Emphatic position of humeis (ye) in contrast to the blind, unseeing world. Cf. 13:33 16:10,16 . {Because I live, ye shall live also} (hoti eg(9320)z(9320)kai humeis z(8873)ete). This is our blessed guarantee of immortal, eternal life, the continued living of Jesus. He is the surety of a better covenant ( Heb 7:22 ), the Risen Christ Jesus. He had said it before ( 6:57 ).經文:
約翰福音 14:20-14:20
註釋:
{In that day} (en ekein(8869) t(8869) h(886d)er(8369)). The New Dispensation of the Holy Spirit, beginning with Christ's Resurrection and the Coming of the Holy Spirit at pentecost. {Shall know} (gn(9373)esthe). Future middle of gin(9373)k(935c). Chapters 1 to 3 of Acts bear eloquent witness to these words.經文:
約翰福音 14:21-14:21
註釋:
{He it is that loveth me} (ekeinos estin ho agap(936e) me). Emphatic demonstrative pronoun ekeinos: "that is the one who loves me." {And will manifest myself unto him} (kai emphanis(930a)aut(9369) emauton). Future active of emphaniz(935c), old verb from emphan(8873) ( Ac 10:40 Ro 10:20 ). The Unseen and Risen Christ will be a real and spiritual Presence to the obedient and loving believer.經文:
約翰福音 14:22-14:22
註釋:
{Not Iscariot} (ouch ho Iskari(9374)(8873)). Judas Iscariot had gone ( 13:30 ), but John is anxious to make it clear that this Judas (common name, two apostles also named James) was not the infamous traitor. He is also called Thaddaeus or Lebbaeus ( Mr 3:17 Mt 10:3 ) and the brother (or son) of James ( 6:15 Ac 1:13 ). This is the fourth interruption of the talk of Jesus (by Peter, 13:36 ; by Thomas, 14:5 ; by Philip, 14:8 ; by Judas, 14:22 ). {And not to the world} (kai ouchi t(9369) kosm(9369)). Judas caught at the word emphaniz(935c) in verse 21 as perhaps a Messianic theophany visible to all the world as at the judgment ( 5:27f. ). He seems to suspect a change of plan on the part of Jesus ( i gegonen hoti=how has it happened that).經文:
約翰福音 14:23-14:23
註釋:
{If a man love me} (ean tis agap(8369) me). Condition of third class with ean and present active subjunctive, "if one keep on loving me." That is key to the spiritual manifestation (emphaniz(935c)). {We will come} (eleusometha). Future middle of erchomai and first person plural (the Father and I), not at the judgment, but here and now. {And make our abode with him} (kai mon(886e) par' aut(9369) poi(8873)ometha). See verse 2 for the word mon(885c) (dwelling, abiding place). If the Holy Spirit "abides" (menei, verse 17 ) in you, that heart becomes a temple ( aos) of the Holy Spirit ( 1Co 3:16f. ), and so a fit dwelling place for the Father and the Son, a glorious and uplifting reality.經文:
約翰福音 14:24-14:24
註釋:
{He that loveth me not} (ho m(8820)agap(936e) me). Present active articular participle of agapa(935c) with negative m(885c), "the one who keeps on not loving me." {Is not mine, but the Father's} (ouk estin emos, alla tou patros). Predicative possessive pronoun emos and the predicate genitive of possession patros.經文:
約翰福音 14:25-14:25
註釋:
{Have I spoken} (lelal(886b)a). Perfect active indicative of lale(935c), for permanent keeping ( (8872)e(935c) verse 23 ). {While yet abiding with you} (par' humin men(936e)). Present active participle, no "yet" (eti) in the Greek, "while remaining beside (par') you" before departing for the coming of the other Paraclete.經文:
約翰福音 14:26-14:26
註釋:
{Whom} (ho). Grammatical neuter, but "whom" is correct translation. The Father will send the Holy Spirit ( 14:16 Lu 24:49 Ac 2:33 ), but so will the Son ( Joh 15:26 16:7 ) as Jesus breathes the Holy Spirit upon the disciples ( 20:22 ). There is no contradiction in this relation of the Persons in the Trinity (the Procession of the Holy Spirit). Here the Holy Spirit (full title as in Mr 3:29 Mt 12:32 Lu 12:10 ) is identified with the Paraclete. {He} (ekeinos). Emphatic demonstrative pronoun and masculine like parakl(8874)os. {Shall teach you all things} (humas didaxei panta). The Holy Spirit knows "the deep things of God" ( 1Co 2:10 ) and he is our Teacher in the Dispensation of the Holy Spirit of both new truth (verse 25 ) and old. {Bring to your remembrance} (hupomn(8873)ei humas). Future active indicative of hupomimn(8873)k(935c), old verb to remind, to recall, here only in this Gospel (cf. 3Jo 1:10 2Ti 2:14 ) and with two accusatives (person and thing). After pentecost the disciples will be able better to recall and to understand what Jesus had said (how dull they had been at times) and to be open to new revelations from God (cf. Peter at Joppa and Caesarea).經文:
約翰福音 14:27-14:27
註釋:
{My peace} (eir(886e)(886e) t(886e) em(886e)). This is Christ's bequest to the disciples before he goes, the _shalom_ of the orient for greeting and parting, used by Jesus in his appearances after the resurrection ( 20:19,21,26 ) as in 2Jo 1:3 3Jo 1:14 , but here and in 16:33 in the sense of spiritual peace such as only Christ can give and which his Incarnation offers to men ( Lu 2:14 ). {Neither let it be fearful} (med(8820)deiliat(935c)). Added to the prohibition in verse 1 , only N.T. example of deilia(935c) (rare word in Aristotle, in a papyrus of one condemned to death), common in LXX, like palpitating of the heart (from deilos).經文:
約翰福音 14:28-14:28
註釋:
{I go away, and I come} (hupag(9320)kai erchomai), both futuristic presents ( 7:33 14:3,18 ). {If ye loved me} (ei (8867)ap(8374)e me). Second-class condition with the imperfect active of agapa(935c) referring to present time, implying that the disciples are not loving Jesus as they should. {Ye would have rejoiced} (echar(8874)e an). Second aorist passive indicative of chair(935c) with an, conclusion of second-class condition referring to past time, "Ye would already have rejoiced before this" at Christ's going to the Father (verse 12 ). {Greater than I} (meiz(936e) mou). Ablative case mou after the comparative meiz(936e) (from positive megas). The filial relation makes this necessary. Not a distinction in nature or essence (cf. 10:30 ), but in rank in the Trinity. No Arianism or Unitarianism here. The very explanation here is proof of the deity of the Son (Dods).經文:
約翰福音 14:30-14:30
註釋:
{The prince of the world} (ho tou kosmou arch(936e)). Satan as in 12:31 which see.經文:
約翰福音 14:31-14:31
註釋:
{But that the world may know} (all' hina gn(9369) ho kosmos). Purpose clause with hina and the second aorist active subjunctive of gin(9373)k(935c). Elliptical construction (cf. 9:3 13:18 15:25 ). "But I surrendered myself to death," etc., before hina. {Arise, let us go hence} (egeiresthe, ag(936d)en enteuthen). Imperative present middle of egeir(935c) and the volitive (hortatory) subjunctive ag(936d)en (the word used in 11:7,16 ) of going to meet death. Apparently the group arose and walked out into the night and the rest of the talk (chs. 15 and 16) and prayer (ch. 17) was in the shadows on the way to Gethsemane.經文:
約翰福音 15:1-15:1
註釋:
{The true vine} (h(8820)ampelos h(8820)al(8874)hin(885c)). "The vine the genuine." Assuming that the Lord's Supper had just been instituted by Jesus the metaphor of the vine is naturally suggested by "the fruit of the vine" ( Mr 14:25 Mt 26:29 ). Ampelos in the papyri (Moulton and Milligan's _Vocabulary_) is sometimes used in the sense of _ampel(936e)_ (vineyard), but not so here. Jesus uses various metaphors to illustrate himself and his work (the light, 8:12 ; the door, 10:7 ; the shepherd, 10:11 ; the vine, 15:1 ). The vine was common in Palestine. See Ps 80:8f . "On the Maccabean coinage Israel was represented by a vine" (Dods). Jesus is the genuine Messianic vine. {The husbandman} (ho ge(9372)gos) as in Mr 12:1 Jas 5:7 2Ti 2:6 . cf. 1Co 3:9 , heou ge(9372)gion (God's field).經文:
約翰福音 15:2-15:2
註釋:
{Branch} (kl(886d)a). Old word from kla(935c), to break, common in LXX for offshoots of the vine, in N.T. only here (verses 2-6 ), elsewhere in N.T. klados ( Mr 4:32 , etc.), also from kla(935c), both words meaning tender and easily broken parts. {In me} (en emoi). Two kinds of connexion with Christ as the vine (the merely cosmic which bears no fruit, the spiritual and vital which bears fruit). The fruitless (not bearing fruit, m(8820)pheron karpon) the vine-dresser "takes away" (airei) or prunes away. Probably (Bernard) Jesus here refers to Judas. {Cleanseth} (kathairei). Present active indicative of old verb kathair(935c) (clean) as in verse 3 , only use in N.T., common in the inscriptions for ceremonial cleansing, though kathariz(935c) is more frequent ( Heb 10:2 ). {That it may bear more fruit} (hina karpon pleiona pher(8869)). Purpose clause with hina and present active subjunctive of pher(935c), "that it may keep on bearing more fruit" (more and more). A good test for modern Christians and church members.經文:
約翰福音 15:3-15:3
註釋:
{Already ye are clean} ((8864)(8820)humeis katharoi este). Potentially cleansed (Westcott) as in 13:10 which see and 17:19 .經文:
約翰福音 15:4-15:4
註釋:
{Abide in me} (meinate en emoi). Constative aorist active imperative of men(935c). The only way to continue "clean" (pruned) and to bear fruit is to maintain vital spiritual connexion with Christ (the vine). Judas is gone and Satan will sift the rest of them like wheat ( Lu 22:31f. ). Blind complacency is a peril to the preacher. {Of itself} (aph' heautou). As source (from itself) and apart from the vine (cf. 17:17 ). {Except it abide} (ean m(8820)men(8869)). Condition of third class with ean, negative m(885c), and present active (keep on abiding) subjunctive of men(935c). Same condition and tense in the application, "except ye abide in me."經文:
約翰福音 15:5-15:5
註釋:
{Ye the branches} (humeis ta kl(886d)ata). Jesus repeats and applies the metaphor of verse 1 . {Apart from me} (ch(9372)is emou). See Eph 2:12 for ch(9372)is Christou. There is nothing for a broken off branch to do but wither and die. For the cosmic relation of Christ see Joh 1:3 (ch(9372)is autou).經文:
約翰福音 15:6-15:6
註釋:
{He is cast forth} (ebl(8874)h(8820)ex(935c)). Timeless or gnomic use of the first aorist passive indicative of all(935c) as the conclusion of a third-class condition (see also verses 4,7 for the same condition, only constative aorist subjunctive mein(8874)e and mein(8869) in verse 7 ). The apostles are thus vividly warned against presumption. Jesus as the vine will fulfil his part of the relation as long as the branches keep in vital union with him. {As a branch} (h(9373) to kl(886d)a). {And is withered} (ex(8872)anth(885c)). Another timeless first aorist passive indicative, this time of x(8872)ain(935c), same timeless use in Jas 1:11 of grass, old and common verb. They gather (sunagousin). Plural though subject not expressed, the servants of the vine-dresser gather up the broken off branches. {Are burned} (kaietai). Present passive singular of kai(935c), to burn, because kl(886d)ata (branches) is neuter plural. See this vivid picture also in Mt 13:41f.,49f .經文:
約翰福音 15:7-15:7
註釋:
{Ask whatsoever ye will} (ho ean thel(8874)e ait(8873)asthe). Indefinite relative with ean and present active subjunctive of hel(935c), to wish, to will, and aorist middle imperative of aite(935c), to ask. This astounding command and promise (gen(8873)etai, future middle of ginomai, it will come to pass) is not without conditions and limitations. It involves such intimate union and harmony with Christ that nothing will be asked out of accord with the mind of Christ and so of the Father. Christ's name is mentioned in 15:16 ; cf. 14:13 16:23 .經文:
約翰福音 15:8-15:8
註釋:
{Herein} (en tout(9369)). That is in the vital union and the much fruit bearing. It points here backwards and forwards. {Is glorified} (edoxasth(885c)). Another gnomic or timeless first aorist passive indicative. {Bear} (pherete). Present active subjunctive, "keep on bearing" much fruit. {And so shall ye be} (kai gen(8873)esthe). Rather "become." Future middle indicative of ginomai, though B D L read gen(8873)the (after hina like pher(8874)e). "Become" my disciples (learners) in the fullest sense of rich fruit-bearing according to the text in經文:
約翰福音 15:9-15:9
註釋:
{Abide} (meinate). Constative first aorist active imperative of men(935c), summing up the whole. {In my love} (en t(8869) agap(8869) t(8869) em(8869)). Subjunctive possessive pronoun, "in the love that I have for you." Our love for Christ is the result of Christ's love for us and is grounded at bottom in the Father's love for the world ( 3:16 ). John has emos 37 times and always in the words of Jesus (Bernard). But he uses mou also (verse 10 ).經文:
約翰福音 15:10-15:10
註釋:
{Ye will abide} (meneite). Future tense of men(935c), conclusion of the third-class condition (ean and first aorist active subjunctive (8872)(8873)(8874)e). The correlative of 14:15 . Each involves the other (love and keeping the commandments of Jesus). {And abide} (kai men(935c)). The high example of Jesus (the Son) in relation to the Father is set before us as the goal.經文:
約翰福音 15:11-15:11
註釋:
{That my joy may be in you} (hina h(8820)chara h(8820)em(8820)en humin (8869)). Purpose clause with hina and the present subjunctive (8869) (some MSS. have mein(8869), may remain), Christ's permanent absolute joy in the disciples. {And that your joy be fulfilled} (Kai h(8820)chara hum(936e) pl(8872)(9374)h(8869)). Same construction with first aorist (effective) passive subjunctive of pl(8872)o(935c), consummation of the process preceding.經文:
約翰福音 15:12-15:12
註釋:
{That ye love one another} (hina agap(8374)e all(886c)ous). Non-final use of hina, introducing a subject clause in apposition with entol(885c) (commandment) and the present active subjunctive of agapa(935c), "that ye keep on loving one another." See 13:34 .經文:
約翰福音 15:13-15:13
註釋:
{Than this} ( aut(8873)). Ablative case after the comparative adjective meizona and feminine agreeing with (8873) agap(8873) (love) understood. {That a man lay down his life} (hina tis t(886e) psuch(886e) autou th(8869)). Object clause (non-final use of hina in apposition with the ablative pronoun aut(8873) and the second aorist active subjunctive of ith(886d)i. For the phrase see 10:11 of the good shepherd. Cf. 1Jo 3:16 Ro 5:7f . {For his friends} (huper t(936e) phil(936e) autou). "In behalf of his friends" and so "in place of his friends." "Self-sacrifice is the high-water mark of love" (Dods). For this use of huper see Joh 11:50 Ga 3:13 2Co 5:14f. Ro 5:7f .經文:
約翰福音 15:14-15:14
註釋:
{If ye do} (ean poi(8874)e). Condition of third class with ean and the present active subjunctive, "if ye keep on doing," not just spasmodic obedience. Just a different way of saying what is in verse 10 . Obedience to Christ's commands is a prerequisite to discipleship and fellowship (spiritual friendship with Christ). He repeats it in the Great Commission ( Mt 28:20 , eneteilam(886e), I commanded) with the very word used here (entellomai, I command).經文:
約翰福音 15:15-15:15
註釋:
{No longer} (ouketi). As he had done in 13:16 . He was their Rabbi ( 1:38 13:13 ) and Lord ( 13:13 ). Paul gloried in calling himself Christ's doulos (bond-slave). {Servants} (doulous). Bond-servants, slaves. {I have called you friends} (humas eir(886b)a philous). Perfect active indicative, permanent state of new dignity. They will prove worthy of it by continued obedience to Christ as Lord, by being good douloi. Abraham was called the Friend of God ( Jas 2:23 ). Are we friends of Christ?經文:
約翰福音 15:16-15:16
註釋:
{But I chose you} (all' eg(9320)exelexam(886e) humas). First aorist middle indicative of ekleg(935c). See this same verb and tense used for the choice of the disciples by Christ ( 6:70 13:18 15:19 ). Jesus recognizes his own responsibility in the choice after a night of prayer ( Lu 6:13 ). So Paul was "a vessel of choice" (skeuos eklog(8873), Ac 9:15 ). Appointed (eth(886b)a). First aorist active indicative (k aorist) of ith(886d)i. Note three present active subjunctives with hina (purpose clause) to emphasize continuance (hupag(8874)e, keep on going, pher(8874)e, keep on bearing fruit, men(8869), keep on abiding), not a mere spurt, but permanent growth and fruit-bearing. {He may give} (d(9369)). Second aorist active subjunctive of did(936d)i with hina (purpose clause). Cf. 14:13 for the same purpose and promise, but with poi(8873)(935c) (I shall do). See also 16:23f.,26 .經文:
約翰福音 15:17-15:17
註釋:
{That ye may love one another} (hina agap(8374)e all(886c)ous). Repetition of 13:34 15:12 . This very night the disciples had been guilty of jealousy and wrangling ( Lu 22:24 Joh 13:5,15 ).經文:
約翰福音 15:18-15:18
註釋:
{If the world hateth you} (ei ho kosmos humas misei). Condition of the first class. As it certainly does. {Ye know} (gin(9373)kete). Present active second person plural indicative of gin(9373)k(935c) or present active imperative (know), same form. {Hath hated} (memis(886b)en). Perfect active indicative, "has hated and still hates." {Before it hateth you} (pr(9374)on hum(936e)). Ablative case hum(936e) after the superlative pr(9374)on as with pr(9374)os mou in 1:15 .經文:
約翰福音 15:19-15:19
註釋:
{The world would love its own} (ho kosmos an to idion ephilei). Conclusion of second-class condition (determined as unfulfilled), regular idiom with an and imperfect indicative in present time. {But because ye are not of the world} (hoti de ek tou kosmou ouk este). Definite and specific reason for the world's hatred of real Christians whose very existence is a reproach to the sinful world. Cf. 7:7 17:14 1Jo 3:13 . Does the world hate us? If not, why not? Has the world become more Christian or Christians more worldly?經文:
約翰福音 15:20-15:20
註釋:
1Co 4:12 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Co 4' or engs='1Co 4'經文:
約翰福音 15:21-15:21
註釋:
{Unto you} (eis humas). Like the dative humin (Textus Receptus) as in the papyri and modern Greek (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 594). {For my name's sake} (dia to onoma mou). See verse 20 . See this same warning and language in Mt 10:22 Mr 13:13 Mt 24:9 Lu 21:17 ). There is little difference in meaning from heneken mou ( Mr 13:9 Lu 21:12 ). Loyalty to the name of Christ will bring persecution as they will soon know ( Ac 5:41 Php 1:29 1Pe 4:14 ). About the world's ignorance of God see Lu 23:34 Ac 3:17 Joh 16:3 .經文:
約翰福音 15:22-15:22
註釋:
{They had not had sin} (hamartian ouk eichosan). Conclusion of condition of second class without an because context makes it clear ( un de) without it (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 1013). The imperfect active indicative with -osan instead of -on (also in verse 24 ) as common in the LXX, and occurs in the papyri and the inscriptions and the Boeotian dialect. {Excuse} (prophasin). Old word ( 1Th 2:5 ) either from prophain(935c), to show forth, or proph(886d)i, to speak forth. Mere pretence, in John only here and verse 24 .經文:
約翰福音 15:23-15:23
註釋:
{My Father also} (kai ton patera mou). Because Christ reveals God ( 14:9 ) and to dishonour Christ is to dishonour God ( 5:23 ). The coming of Christ has revealed the weight of sin on those who reject him.經文:
約翰福音 15:24-15:24
註釋:
{They have both seen and hated} (kai he(9372)akasin kai memis(886b)asin). Perfect active indicative of hora(935c) and mise(935c), permanent attitude and responsibility. The "world" and the ecclesiastics (Sanhedrin) had united in this attitude of hostility to Christ and in reality to God.經文:
約翰福音 15:25-15:25
註釋:
{But this cometh to pass} (all'). Ellipsis in the Greek (no verb), as in 9:3 13:18 . {In their law} (en t(9369) nom(9369) aut(936e)). Cf. 8:17 10:34 for this standpoint. "Law" ( omos) here is for the whole of Scripture as in 12:34 . The allusion is to Ps 69:4 (or Ps 35:19 ). The hatred of the Jews toward Jesus the promised Messiah ( 1:11 ) is "part of the mysterious purpose of God" (Bernard) as shown by hina pl(8872)(9374)h(8869) (first aorist passive subjunctive of pl(8872)o(935c), to fulfil). {Without a cause} (d(9372)ean). Adverbial accusative of d(9372)ea from did(936d)i, gratuitously, then unnecessarily or _gratis_ (in two _Koin(825f) tablets, Nageli) as here and Ga 2:21 .經文:
約翰福音 15:26-15:26
註釋:
{When the Comforter is come} (hotan elth(8869) ho parakl(8874)os). Indefinite temporal clause with hotan and the second aorist active subjunctive of erchomai, "whenever the Comforter comes." {Whom I will send unto you from the Father} (hon eg(9320)pemps(9320)humin para tou patros). As in 16:7 , but in 14:16,26 the Father sends at the request of or in the name of Jesus. Cf. Lu 24:49 Ac 2:33 . This is the Procession of the Holy Spirit from the Father and from the Son. {Which} (ho). Grammatical neuter to agree with pneuma, and should be rendered "who" like ho in 14:26 . {Proceedeth from the Father} (para tou patros ekporeuetai). "From beside the Father" as in the preceding clause. {He} (ekeinos). Emphatic masculine pronoun, not neuter (ekeino) though following ho. {Shall bear witness of me} (martur(8873)ei peri emou). Future active of marture(935c). This is the mission of the Paraclete ( 16:14 ) as it should be ours.經文:
約翰福音 15:27-15:27
註釋:
{And ye also bear witness} (kai humeis de martureite). Present active indicative or imperative (do ye bear witness), same form of marture(935c). "Ye also" as well as the Holy Spirit, ye also when filled with and taught by the Holy Spirit the things concerning Jesus. It is here that Christians fail most. {Have been} (este). Progressive present of eimi, "are with me from the beginning of my ministry as in 14:9 . They were chosen to be with Christ ( Mr 3:14 ).經文:
約翰福音 16:1-16:1
註釋:
1Jo 2:10 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Jo 2' or engs='1Jo 2'經文:
約翰福音 16:2-16:2
註釋:
{They shall put you out of the synagogues} (aposunag(9367)ous poi(8873)ousin humas). "They will make you outcasts from the synagogues." Predicate accusative of the compound adjective aposunag(9367)os for which see 9:22 12:42 . {Yea} (all'). Use of alla as co-ordinating conjunction, not adversative. {That} (hina) not in the sense of "when" (hote), but as in 12:23 for God's purpose ( Lu 2:34 , hop(9373)). {Shall think} (dox(8869)). First aorist active subjunctive of doke(935c). "So blind will he be" (Bernard). {That he offereth service unto God} (latreian prospherein t(9369) the(9369)). Infinitive (present active) indirect discourse after dox(8869). For the phrase see Heb 6:1ff. 8:3ff. 9:7ff . The rabbis so felt when they crucified Jesus and when they persecuted the disciples ( Ac 6:13 7:57f. ). No persecution is more bitter than when done by religious enthusiasts and bigots like the Spanish Inquisition.經文:
約翰福音 16:3-16:3
註釋:
{Because} (hoti). Definite reason for the religious hatred is ignorance of God and Christ as in 15:21 .經文:
約翰福音 16:4-16:4
註釋:
{Have I spoken} (lelal(886b)a). Perfect active indicative as in 15:11 16:1 . Solemn repetition. {When their hour is come} (hotan elth(8869) h(8820)h(9372)a aut(936e)). Indefinite temporal clause, hotan with the second aorist active subjunctive of erchomai, "whenever their hour comes." The time appointed for these things. {Now that} (hoti). Simply "that" (declarative conjunction in indirect discourse. Forewarned is to be forearmed. Cf. 13:19 . {From the beginning} (ex arch(8873)). As in 6:64 but practically like ap' arch(8873) in 15:27 . While Christ was with them, he was the object of attack ( 15:18 ).經文:
約翰福音 16:5-16:5
註釋:
{And none of you asketh me} (kai oudeis ex hum(936e) er(9374)(8369) me). Adversative use of kai="and yet" as in 1:10 . Now that they realize that Jesus is going, the thoughts of the disciples turn on themselves and they cease asking the query of Peter ( 13:36 ).經文:
約翰福音 16:6-16:6
註釋:
{Sorrow hath filled} (h(8820)lup(8820)pepl(8872)(936b)en). This word is not used of Jesus in the Gospels, in John only in this chapter. Perfect active indicative of pl(8872)o(935c). They do not see their way to go on without Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 16:7-16:7
註釋:
{It is expedient for you} (sumpherei humin). Present active indicative of sumpher(935c), old verb to bear together. See 11:50 where the phrase is used by Caiaphas "for us," here "for you" (humin ethical dative). {That I go away} (hina eg(930a)apelth(935c)). Subject clause the subject of sumpherei, hina and second aorist active subjunctive of aperchomai. The reason (gar) for this startling statement follows. {If I go not away} (ean m(8820)apelth(935c)). Third-class condition with ean and the negative m(885c) with apelth(935c) as before. {Will not come} (ou m(880a)elth(8869)). Strong double negative with second aorist active subjunctive of erchomai. The Holy Spirit was, of course, already at work in the hearts of men, but not in the sense of witnessing as Paraclete which could only take place after Jesus had gone back to the Father. {But if I go} (ean de poreuth(935c)). Third-class condition again (ean and the first aorist passive subjunctive of poreuomai). {I will send} (pemps(935c)). First person future as in 15 .經文:
約翰福音 16:8-16:8
註釋:
{And he} (kai ekeinos). Emphatic demonstrative masculine pronoun. {When he is come} (elth(936e)). Second aorist active participle of erchomai, "having come" or "coming." {Will convict the world} (elegxei ton kosmon). Future active of elegch(935c), old word for confuting, convicting by proof already in 3:29 8:46 . Jesus had been doing this ( 7:7 ), but this is pre-eminently the work of the Holy Spirit and the most needed task today for our complacent age. {In respect of sin} (peri hamartias). Concerning the reality of sin as missing the mark and as wronging God and man, and not a mere slip or animal instinct or devoid of moral responsibility or evil. Some scientists and psychologists (Freudians and behaviourists) seem bent on destroying man's sense of sin. Hence crime waves even in youth. {And of righteousness} (kai peri dikaiosun(8873)). The opposite of "sin" and to be yearned for after conviction. Cf. Ro 1:19-3:21 about the necessity of the God-kind of righteousness and the Sermon on the Mount for Christ's idea of righteousness. {And of judgment} (kai peri krise(9373)). As certain to come as condemnation because of sin and the lack of righteousness. These are not played out motives in human life, but basal. For this ministry we have the help of the Paraclete. The Paraclete is here spoken of "not as man's advocate with God ( 1Jo 2:1 ), but as Christ's advocate with the world" (Bernard).經文:
約翰福音 16:9-16:9
註釋:
{Because they believe not on me} (hoti ou pisteuousin eis eme). Without this conviction by the Paraclete such men actually have a pride of intellectual superiority in refusing to believe on Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 16:10-16:10
註釋:
{And ye behold me no more} (kai ouketi the(9372)eite me). With the bodily eyes and without the Holy Spirit they are unable to behold Jesus with the spiritual vision ( 14:19 ). Without Christ they lose the sense of righteousness as is seen in the "new morals" (immorality, loose views of marriage, etc.).經文:
約翰福音 16:11-16:11
註釋:
{Because the prince of this world hath been judged} (hoti ho arch(936e) tou kosmou toutou kekritai). Cf. 12:31 14:31 for the title. Perfect passive indicative of krin(935c). He stands condemned. The sinful world is in his grip, but he will be cast out ( 12:31 ).經文:
約翰福音 16:12-16:12
註釋:
{But ye cannot bear them now} (all' ou dunasthe bastazein arti). The literal sense of astaz(935c), to bear, occurs in 12:6 . For the figurative as here see Ac 15:10 . The untaught cannot get the full benefit of teaching ( 1Co 3:1 Heb 5:11-14 ). The progressive nature of revelation is a necessity.經文:
約翰福音 16:13-16:13
註釋:
{Howbeit} (de). One of the most delicate and difficult particles to translate, varying from "and" to "but." {When he, the Spirit of truth, is come} (hotan elth(8869) ekeinos, to pneuma t(8873) al(8874)heias). Indefinite relative clause (hotan and the second aorist active subjunctive of erchomai, no _futurum exactum_), "whenever he comes." Note ekeinos (masculine demonstrative pronoun, though followed by neuter pneuma in apposition. See 15:26 for this phrase about the Holy Spirit. He shall guide you (hod(8867)(8873)ei humas). Future active of old verb hod(8867)e(935c) (from hod(8867)os, from hodos, way, h(8867)eomai, to lead). See Ps 24:5 for "lead me into thy truth" (hod(8867)(8873)on me eis t(886e) al(8874)heian sou). Christ is both the Way and the Truth ( 14:6 ) and the Holy Spirit is the Guide who shows the way to the Truth (verse 14 ). This he does gradually. We are still learning the truth in Christ. {From himself} (aph' heautou). In this he is like Christ ( 1:26 12:49 14:10 ). {He shall declare} (anaggelei). Future active of anaggell(935c), as in 4:25 . See it also repeated in verse 14 . {The things that are yet to come} ( a erchomena). Neuter plural articular participle of erchomai, "the coming things." This phrase only here in the N.T. The things already begun concerning the work of the Kingdom ( Lu 7:19ff. 18:30 ) not a chart of future history. See Lu 7:20 Joh 6:14 11:27 for ho erchomenos (the coming one) used of the Messiah.經文:
約翰福音 16:14-16:14
註釋:
{He shall glorify me} (ekeinos eme doxasei). This is the glory of the Holy Spirit, to glorify Jesus Christ. {For he shall take of mine} (hoti ek tou emou l(886d)psetai). Future middle of lamban(935c) and a definite promise of the Spirit's guidance in interpreting Christ. One need only refer to Peter's sermon at pentecost after the coming of the Holy Spirit, to Peter's Epistles, to Paul's Epistles, to Hebrews, to John's Epistles, to see how under the tutelage of the Holy Spirit the disciples grew into the fulness of the knowledge of God in the face of Christ ( 2Co 6:4 ).經文:
約翰福音 16:15-16:15
註釋:
{Therefore said I} (dia touto eipon). Jesus explains how and why the Holy Spirit can and will reveal to the disciples what they need to know further concerning him. They had failed so far to understand Christ's words about his death and resurrection. The Holy Spirit as Guide and Teacher will teach them what they can only receive and understand after the resurrection and ascension of Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 16:16-16:16
註釋:
{A little while} (mikron). The brief period now till Christ's death as in 7:33 13:33 14:19 . {Again a little while} (palin mikron). The period between the death and the resurrection of Jesus (from Friday afternoon till Sunday morning). {Ye shall see me} (opsesthe me). Future middle of optomai, the verb used in 1:51 16:22 as here of spiritual realities (Bernard), though he(9372)e(935c) is so used in 20:14 .經文:
約翰福音 16:17-16:17
註釋:
{Some of the disciples} (ek t(936e) math(8874)(936e) autou). Ellipsis of time (some) before ek as in 7:40 . Jesus seemed to contradict himself, for the disciples took both verbs in the same sense and were still puzzled over the going to the Father of 14:3 . But they talk to one another, not to Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 16:18-16:18
註釋:
{We know not what he saith} (ouk oidamen ti lalei). The questions to Jesus cease and the disciples frankly confess to each other their own ignorance.經文:
約翰福音 16:19-16:19
註釋:
{Jesus perceived} (egn(9320)I(8873)ous). Second aorist active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c). {That they were desirous to ask him} (hoti (8874)helon auton er(9374)(8369)n). Imperfect active tense of hel(935c) in indirect discourse instead of the retention of the present helousin (the usual idiom), just like our English. Their embarrassment was manifest after four inquiries already (Peter, Thomas, Philip, Judas). So Jesus takes the initiative.經文:
約翰福音 16:20-16:20
註釋:
{Ye shall weep and lament} (klausete kai thr(886e)(8873)ete). Future active of klai(935c) and hr(886e)e(935c), both old words (for klai(935c) see Joh 11:31 , for hr(886e)e(935c) see Mt 11:17 ), both words used of the loud lamentations so common in the east. {Shall rejoice} (char(8873)etai). Second future passive of chair(935c) in violent contrast. Picture the women on the way to the Cross ( Lu 23:27 , ekoptonto kai ethr(886e)oun, two descriptive imperfects) and Mary Magdalene by the tomb ( Joh 20:11 , klaiousa). {Ye shall be sorrowful} (lup(8874)h(8873)esthe). First future passive of lupe(935c), word for inward grief. See the change from sorrow to joy in 20:14-16 when "they disbelieved for joy" ( Lu 24:41 ). So violent was the reaction on the sudden appearance of Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 16:21-16:21
註釋:
{A woman} (h(8820)gun(885c)). "The woman," any woman. {When she is in travail} (hotan tikt(8869)). Indefinite temporal clause, "whenever she is about to bear (or give birth)," hotan and present active subjunctive of ikt(935c), common O.T. image for pain. {Her hour is come} ((886c)then h(8820)h(9372)a aut(8873)). Second aorist active indicative, timeless aorist, "her hour" for giving birth which she knows is like a living death. {But when she is delivered of the child} (hotan de genn(8873)(8869) to paidion). Indefinite temporal clause with hotan and first aorist active subjunctive of genna(935c). "But whenever she bears the child." {The anguish} ( (8873) thlipse(9373)). Genitive case after mn(886d)oneuei of hlipsis, usual word for tribulation ( Mt 13:21 ). {Is born} (egenn(8874)h(885c)). First aorist (effective) passive indicative of genna(935c).經文:
約翰福音 16:22-16:22
註釋:
{And ye therefore now} (kai humeis oun nun). See 8:38 for like emphasis on {ye} (humeis). The "sorrow" (lup(886e)) is like that of the mother in childbirth (real, but fleeting, with permanent joy following). The metaphor points, of course, to the resurrection of Jesus which did change the grief of the disciples to gladness, once they are convinced that Jesus has risen from the dead. {But I will see you again} (palin de opsomai humas). Future middle of hora(935c), to see. In verses 16,19 Jesus had said "ye shall see me" (opsesthe me), but here we have one more blessed promise, "I shall see you," showing "that we are the objects of God's regard" (Westcott). {Shall rejoice} (char(8873)etai). Second future passive of chair(935c). {Taketh away} (airei). Present active indicative, futuristic present, but B D have arei the future active (shall take away). This joy is a permanent possession.經文:
約翰福音 16:23-16:23
註釋:
{Ye shall ask me nothing} (eme ouk er(9374)(8873)ete). Either in the sense of question (original meaning of er(9374)a(935c)) as in verses 19,30 since he will be gone or in the sense of request or favours (like aite(935c) in this verse) as in 14:16 Ac 3:2 . In verse 26 both aite(935c) and er(9374)a(935c) occur in this sense. Either view makes sense here. {If ye shall ask} (an ti ait(8873)(8874)e). Third-class condition, an like ean with first aorist active subjunctive of aite(935c). Note 氣4:26| for "in my name."經文:
約翰福音 16:24-16:24
註釋:
{Hitherto} (he(9373) arti). Up till now the disciples had not used Christ's name in prayer to the Father, but after the resurrection of Jesus they are to do so, a distinct plea for parity with the Father and for worship like the Father. {May be fulfilled} ((8869) pepl(8872)(936d)en(885c)). Periphrastic perfect passive subjunctive of pl(8872)o(935c) in a purpose clause with hina. See 15:11 for some verb (first aorist passive subjunctive with hina) and 1Jo 1:4 for same form as here, emphasizing the abiding permanence of the joy.經文:
約翰福音 16:25-16:25
註釋:
{In proverbs} (en paroimiais). See on 氣0:6| for this word. {Shall tell} (apaggel(935c)). Future active of apaggell(935c), to report, correct text and not anaggel(935c) (verses 13,14,15 ), as in 1Jo 1:2f . {Plainly} (parr(8873)i(8369)). See on 浪:13| for this word.經文:
約翰福音 16:26-16:26
註釋:
{I say not} (ou leg(935c)). "I speak not." Christ did pray for the disciples before his death ( Joh 14:16 17:9,15,24 ) and he prays also for sinners ( Lu 23:34 1Jo 2:1 ). Here it is the special love of God for disciples of Jesus ( Joh 14:21,23 17:23 1Jo 4:19 ). Note aite(935c) and er(9374)a(935c) used in practically the same sense as in verse 23 .經文:
約翰福音 16:27-16:27
註釋:
{Loveth} (philei). Present active indicative of phile(935c), the word for warm and friendly love, here used of God's love for the disciples, while in 3:16 agapa(935c) occurs of God's love for the world. {Ye have loved me} (pephil(886b)ate). Perfect active indicative of phile(935c), "loved and still love me warmly." {And have believed} (pepisteukate). Perfect active indicative again. Recall the exhortation in 14:1 .經文:
約翰福音 16:28-16:28
註釋:
{I came out from the Father} (ex(886c)thon ek tou patros). Definite act (aorist), the Incarnation, with repetition of ek (out of), while in verse 27 we have para tou patros ex(886c)thon) with no practical distinction between ek and para in resultant idea. {Am come} (el(886c)utha). Perfect active indicative of erchomai, as in 18:37 . The Incarnation is now a permanent fact, once only a blessed hope ( 11:27 ). His leaving the world and going to the Father does not set aside the fact of the Incarnation. Both aphi(886d)i (I leave) and poreuomai (I go) are futuristic present indicatives.經文:
約翰福音 16:29-16:29
註釋:
{No proverb} (paroimian oudemian). No wayside saying, no dark saying. See 10:6 16:25 .經文:
約翰福音 16:30-16:30
註釋:
{Now know we} ( un oidamen). They had failed to understand the plain words of Jesus about going to the Father heretofore ( 16:5 ), but Jesus read their very thoughts ( 16:19f. ) and this fact seemed to open their minds to grasp his idea. {Should ask} (er(9374)(8369)). Present active subjunctive with hina in original sense of asking a question. {By this} (en tout(9369)). In Christ's supernatural insight into their very hearts. {From God} (apo theou). Compare para tou patros (verse 27 ) and ek tou patros (verse 28 ), apo, ek, para all with the ablative of source or origin.經文:
約翰福音 16:31-16:31
註釋:
{Do ye now believe?} (arti pisteuete;). For arti (just now) see 9:19 13:33,37 . Their belief in Christ was genuine _as far as it went_, but perils await them of which they are ignorant. They are too self-confident as their despair at Christ's death shows.經文:
約翰福音 16:32-16:32
註釋:
{Cometh} (erchetai). Futuristic present middle indicative of erchomai. {Yea, is come} (kai el(886c)uthen). Explanatory use of kai and the perfect active indicative as in 12:23 . The long-looked-for hour (h(9372)a) is so close that it has virtually begun. The time for the arrest of Jesus is near. See also 17:1 . {That} (hina). See verse 2 for this same use of hina (not hote) with erchomai h(9372)a. {Ye shall be scattered} (skorpisth(8874)e). First aorist passive subjunctive of skorpiz(935c), used in 10:12 of sheep scampering from the wolf. Cf. Mt 12:30 Lu 11:33 . {To his own} (eis ta idia). "To his own home" as in 1:11 19:27 . So Appian VI. 23. {Shall leave} (aph(8874)e). Second aorist subjunctive of aphi(886d)i with hina. {And yet} (kai). Clear case of kai in adversative sense, not just "and."經文:
約翰福音 16:33-16:33
註釋:
{That in me ye may have peace} (hina en emoi eir(886e)(886e) ech(8874)e). Present active subjunctive of ech(935c), "that ye may keep on having peace in me," even when I am put to death, peace to be found nowhere save in me ( 14:27 ). {Be of good cheer} ( harseite). Imperative active from harsos, courage ( Ac 28:15 ). A word for courage in the face of danger, only here in John, but see Mt 9:2,22 Mr 10:49 . {I have overcome the world} (eg(932c) nenik(886b)a ton kosmon). Perfect active indicative of ika(935c), to be victorious, to conquer. Always of spiritual victory in the N.T. See 1Jo 5:4f . This majestic proclamation of victory over death may be compared with etelestai ({It is finished}) in Joh 19:30 as Christ died and with Paul's hupernik(936d)en (we are more than conquerors) in Ro 8:37 .經文:
約翰福音 17:1-17:1
註釋:
{Lifting up} (eparas). First aorist active participle of epair(935c), old and common verb with ophthalmous (eyes) as in 4:35 6:5 11:41 . {Father} (Pater). Vocative form as in verses 5,11 11:41 , Christ's usual way of beginning his prayers. It is inconceivable that this real _Lord's Prayer_ is the free composition of a disciple put into the mouth of Jesus. It is rather "the tenacious memory of an old man recalling the greatest days of his life" (Bernard), aided by the Holy Spirit promised for this very purpose ( Joh 14:26 16:13f. ). Jesus had the habit of prayer ( Mr 1:35 6:46 Mt 11:25f. Lu 3:21 5:16 6:12 9:18,28 11:22,42 23:34,46 Joh 11:41 12:27 ). He prayed here for himself ( 1-5 ), for the disciples ( 6-19 ), for all believers ( 20-26 ). The prayer is similar in spirit to the Model Prayer for us in Mt 6:9-13 . The hour for his glorification has come as he had already told the disciples ( 13:31f. 12:23 ). {Glorify thy Son} (doxason sou ton huion). First aorist active imperative of doxaz(935c), the only personal petition in this prayer. Jesus had already used this word doxaz(935c) for his death ( 13:31f. ). Here it carries us into the very depths of Christ's own consciousness. It is not merely for strength to meet the Cross, but for the power to glorify the Father by his death and resurrection and ascension, "that the Son may glorify thee" (hina ho huios doxas(8869) se). Purpose clause with hina and the first aorist active subjunctive.經文:
約翰福音 17:2-17:2
註釋:
{Authority over all flesh} (exousian pas(8873) sarkos). Sarkos is objective genitive. Stupendous claim impossible for a mere man to make. Made already in Mt 11:27 Lu 10:22 (Q, the Logia of Jesus, our earliest known document about Jesus) and repeated in Mt 28:18 after his resurrection. {That} (hina). Secondary purpose with hina d(9373)ei (future active indicative) carrying on the idea of hina doxas(8869). See 13:34 17:21 for hina, kath(9373), hina. {Whatsoever} (p(836e) ho). A peculiar classical Greek idiom, the collective use of the singular p(836e) ho as in 6:37,39 and ho in 17:24 and the nominative absolute (_nom. pendens_) with autois (to them), the dative plural explaining the construction. See Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 653.經文:
約翰福音 17:3-17:3
註釋:
{Should know} (gin(9373)k(9373)in). Present active subjunctive with hina (subject clause), "should keep on knowing." {Even Jesus Christ} (I(8873)oun Christon). See 1:17 for the only other place in John's Gospel where the words occur together. Coming here in the Lord's own prayer about himself they create difficulty, unless, as Westcott suggests, Christon be regarded as a predicate accusative, "Jesus as the Christ" (Messiah). Otherwise the words would seem to be John's parenthetical interpretation of the idea of Jesus. Lucke thinks that the solemnity of this occasion explains Jesus referring to himself in the third person. The knowledge of "the only true God" is through Jesus Christ ( 14:6-9 ).經文:
約翰福音 17:4-17:4
註釋:
{I glorified thee on the earth} (eg(9320)se edoxasa epi t(8873) g(8873)). Verse 3 is parenthetical and so verse 4 goes on after verse 2 . He had prayed for further glorification. {Having accomplished} ( elei(9373)as). First aorist active participle of eleio(935c), old verb from eleios (perfect). Used in 4:34 by Jesus with o ergon as here. That was Christ's "food" (r(936d)a) and joy. Now as he faces death he has no sense of failure as some modern critics say, but rather fulness of attainment as in 19:30 ( etelestai). Christ does not die as a disappointed man, but as the successful messenger, apostle (apesteil(8373), verse 3 ) of the Father to men. {Thou hast given} (ded(936b)as). Perfect active indicative of did(936d)i, regarded as a permanent task.經文:
約翰福音 17:5-17:5
註釋:
{With thine own self} (para seaut(9369)). "By the side of thyself." Jesus prays for full restoration to the pre-incarnate glory and fellowship (cf. 1:1 ) enjoyed before the Incarnation ( Joh 1:14 ). This is not just ideal pre-existence, but actual and conscious existence at the Father's side (para soi, with thee) "which I had" (h(8869) eichon, imperfect active of ech(935c), I used to have, with attraction of case of h(886e) to h(8869) because of dox(8869)), "before the world was" (pro tou ton kosmon einai), "before the being as to the world" (cf. verse 24 ). It is small wonder that those who deny or reject the deity of Jesus Christ have trouble with the Johannine authorship of this book and with the genuineness of these words. But even Harnack admits that the words here and in verse 24 are "undoubtedly the reflection of the certainty with which Jesus himself spoke" (_What Is Christianity_, Engl. Tr., p. 132). But Paul, as clearly as John, believes in the actual pre-existence and deity of Jesus Christ ( Php 2:5-11 ).經文:
約翰福音 17:6-17:6
註釋:
{I manifested} (ephaner(9373)a). First aorist active indicative of phanero(935c) (from phaneros, manifest). Another word for claiming successful accomplishment of his task as in verse 4 with edoxasa and in verse 26 with egn(9372)isa. {Whom} (hous). Accusative case after ed(936b)as, not attracted to case of antecedent (anthr(9370)ois). Jesus regards the apostles as the Father's gift to him. Recall the night of prayer before he chose them. {They have kept} ( et(8872)(886b)an). Perfect active indicative, late _Koin(825f) form for the third plural instead of the usual et(8872)(886b)asin. Jesus claims loyalty and fidelity in these men with the one exception of Judas (verse 12 ). He does not claim perfection for them, but they have at least held on to the message of the Father in spite of doubt and wavering ( 6:67-71 Mt 16:15-20 ).經文:
約翰福音 17:7-17:7
註釋:
{Now they know} ( un egn(936b)an). Perfect active indicative third plural like et(8872)(886b)an above. They have come to know, not as fully as they felt ( 16:30 ), and yet in a real sense.經文:
約翰福音 17:8-17:8
註釋:
{The words} ( a r(886d)ata). Plural, each word of God, as in 3:34 , and of Christ ( 5:47 6:63,68 ), while the singular ( on logon sou) in verses 6,14 views God's message as a whole. {Knew} (egn(9373)an). Second aorist active indicative of gin(9373)k(935c) like elabon in contrast with egn(936b)an (perfect) in verse 7 . They definitely "received and recognized truly" (al(8874)h(9373)). There was comfort to Christ in this fact. {They believed} (episteusan). Another aorist parallel with elabon and egn(9373)an. The disciples believed in Christ's mission from the Father ( Joh 6:69 Mt 16:16 ). Note apesteilas here as in verse 3 . Christ is God's {Apostle} to man ( Heb 3:1 ). This statement, like a solemn refrain (Thou didst send me), occurs five times in this prayer (verses 8,18,21,23,25 ).經文:
約翰福音 17:9-17:9
註釋:
{I pray} (eg(9320)er(9374)(935c)). Request, not question, as in 16:23 . {Not for the world} (ou peri tou kosmou). Now at this point in the prayer Christ means. In verse 19 Jesus does pray for the world (for future believers) that it may believe (verse 21 ). God loves the whole world ( 3:16 ). Christ died for sinners ( Ro 5:8 ) and prayed for sinners ( Lu 23:34 ) and intercedes for sinners ( 1Jo 2:1f. Ro 8:34 Heb 7:25 ). {For those whom} (peri h(936e)). A condensed and common Greek idiom for peri tout(936e) hous with out(936e) (the demonstrative antecedent) omitted and the relative hous attracted from the accusative hous (object of ded(936b)as) to the case (genitive) of the omitted antecedent.經文:
約翰福音 17:10-17:10
註釋:
{Are} (estin). Singular number in the Greek (is), not the plural eisin (are), emphasizing the unity of the whole as in 16:15 . "This no creature can say in reference to God" (Luther). {I am glorified in them} (dedoxasmai en autois). "I stand glorified (perfect passive indicative of doxaz(935c)) in the disciples" (en autois), in spite of all their shortcomings and failings. There is comfort for us in this.經文:
約翰福音 17:11-17:11
註釋:
{And these} (kai houtoi or autoi, they). Note adversative use of kai (= but these). {I come} (erehomai). Futuristic present, "I am coming." Cf. 13:3 14:12 17:13 . Christ will no longer be visibly present to the world, but he will be with the believers through the Holy Spirit ( Mt 28:20 ). {Holy Father} (pater hagie). Only here in the N.T., but see 1Jo 2:20 Lu 1:49 for the holiness of God, a thoroughly Jewish conception. See Joh 6:69 where Peter calls Jesus ho hagios tou theou. For the word applied to saints see Ac 9:13 . See verse 25 for pat(8872) dikaie (Righteous Father). {Keep them} ( (8872)(8873)on autous). First aorist (constative) active imperative of (8872)e(935c), as now specially needing the Father's care with Jesus gone (urgency of the aorist tense in prayer). {Which} (h(9369)). Locative case of the neuter relative singular, attracted from the accusative ho to the case of the antecedent onomati (name). {That they may be one} (hina (9373)in hen). Purpose clause with hina and the present active subjunctive of eimi (that they may keep on being). Oneness of will and spirit (hen, neuter singular), not one person (heis, masculine singular) for which Christ does not pray. Each time Jesus uses hen (verses 11,21,22 ) and once, eis hen, "into one" (verse 23 ). This is Christ's prayer for all believers, for unity, not for organic union of which we hear so much. The disciples had union, but lacked unity or oneness of spirit as was shown this very evening at the supper ( Lu 22:24 Joh 13:4-15 ). Jesus offers the unity in the Trinity (three persons, but one God) as the model for believers. The witness of the disciples will fail without harmony ( 17:21 ).經文:
約翰福音 17:12-17:12
註釋:
{I kept} (et(8872)oun). Imperfect active of (8872)e(935c), "I continued to keep." {I guarded} (ephulaxa). First aorist (constative) active of phulass(935c). Christ was the sentinel (phulax, Ac 5:23 ) for them. Is he our sentinel now? {But the son of perdition} (ei m(8820)ho huios t(8873) ap(936c)eias). The very phrase for antichrist ( 2Th 2:3 ). Note play on ap(936c)eto, perished (second aorist middle indicative of apollumi). It means the son marked by final loss, not annihilation, but meeting one's destiny ( Ac 2:25 ). A sad and terrible exception ( Mr 14:21 ). {The scripture} (h(8820)graph(885c)). It is not clear whether this is John's own comment or the word of Jesus. Not in 18:9 . The Scripture referred to is probably Ps 41:9 quoted in 13:18 with the same formula hina pl(8872)(9374)h(8869) which see there.經文:
約翰福音 17:13-17:13
註釋:
{That they may have my joy fulfilled in themselves} (hina ech(9373)in t(886e) charan t(886e) em(886e) pepl(8872)(936d)en(886e) en heautois). Purpose clause with present active subjunctive of ech(935c), "that they may keep on having Christ's joy in their faithfulness realized in themselves." Pepl(8872)(936d)en(886e) is the perfect passive participle of pl(8872)o(935c) in the predicate position. For the use of pl(8872)o(935c) with chara (joy) see 15:11 16:24 Php 2:2 .經文:
約翰福音 17:14-17:14
註釋:
{Not of the world} (ouk ek tou kosmou). They are "in the world" (en t(9369) kosm(9369), verse 13 ) still and Christ sends them "into the world" (eis ton kosmon, verse 18 ), but they must not be like the world nor get their spirit, standards, and message "out of the world," else they can do the world no good. These verses ( 14-19 ) picture the Master's ideal for believers and go far towards explaining the failure of Christians in winning the world to Christ. Too often the world fails to see the difference or the gain by the change.經文:
約翰福音 17:15-17:15
註釋:
{Shouldest take} (ar(8869)s). First aorist active subjunctive of air(935c) (liquid verb). {From the evil one} (ek tou pon(8872)ou). Ablative case with ek, but can mean the evil man, Satan, or the evil deed. See same ambiguity in Mt 6:13 . But in 1Jo 5:18 ho pon(8872)os is masculine (the evil one). Cf. Re 3:10 .經文:
約翰福音 17:16-17:16
註釋:
Repetition of verse 14 for emphasis.經文:
約翰福音 17:17-17:17
註釋:
{Sanctify} (hagiason). First aorist active imperative of hagiaz(935c). To consecrate or set apart persons or things to God. See Ex 28:41 29:1,36 40:13 . See Paul's prayer for the Thessalonians ( 1Th 5:23 ). This is done in the sphere (en) of truth (God's truth), God's Word (not human speculation, but God's message to us).經文:
約翰福音 17:18-17:18
註釋:
{Sent I them} (apesteila autous). The very verb (apostell(935c)) used of the original commission of these men ( Mr 3:14 ) and the special commission ( Lu 9:2 ) and the renewal of the commission after the resurrection ( Joh 20:21f. , both apostell(935c) and pemp(935c) here).經文:
約翰福音 17:19-17:19
註釋:
{I sanctify myself} (eg(9320)hagiaz(9320)emauton). To his holy ministry to which the Father "sanctified" (h(8867)iasen) him ( Joh 10:36 ). {That they themselves also may be sanctified in truth} (hina (9373)in kai autoi h(8867)iasmenoi en al(8874)hei(8369)). Purpose clause with hina and the periphrastic perfect passive subjunctive of hagiaz(935c) (that they may remain sanctified). The act of Christ helps us, but by no means takes the place of personal consecration on the part of the believer. This high and holy prayer and act of Christ should shame any one who uses the livery of heaven to serve the devil in as does, alas, sometimes happen ( 2Co 11:13-15 ).經文:
約翰福音 17:20-17:20
註釋:
{Through their word} (dia tou logou aut(936e)). Through the agency of conversation and preaching, blessed privilege open to all believers thus to win men to Christ, but an agency sadly limited by the lives of those who speak in Christ's name.經文:
約翰福音 17:21-17:21
註釋:
{That they also may be in us} (hina kai autoi en h(886d)in (9373)in). Another purpose clause with hina and the present active subjunctive of eimi. The only possible way to have unity among believers is for all of them to find unity first with God in Christ. {That the world may believe} (hina ho kosmos pisteu(8869)). Another purpose clause with hina and the present active subjunctive of pisteu(935c), "may keep on believing." Beyond a doubt, strife, wrangling, division are a stumblingblock to the outside world.經文:
約翰福音 17:22-17:22
註釋:
{And the glory} (kag(9320)t(886e) doxan). Literally, "And I the glory," with emphasis on "I." It is the glory of the Incarnate Word (Bernard), cf. 1:14 2:11 , not the glory of the Eternal Word mentioned in 17:24 . Bengel says: _Quanta majestas Christianorum!_ Then verse 22 repeats the unity prayed for in verse 21 .經文:
約翰福音 17:23-17:23
註釋:
{That they may be perfected into one} (hina (9373)in tetelei(936d)enoi eis hen). Purpose clause again with hina (nineteen times in this prayer, this the fifteenth) with the periphrastic perfect passive subjunctive of eleio(935c) (verse 4 ), permanent state, with eis hen (into one) as the goal and final result. {That the world may know} (hina gin(9373)k(8869)). Present active subjunctive of gin(9373)k(935c) with hina like the present tense of pisteu(935c) in verse 21 , "that the world may keep on knowing" with the same pregnant phrase "that thou me didst send" (hoti su me apesteilas) as in 8,25 . {And lovedst them} (kai (8867)ap(8873)as autous). Timeless aorist, but love shown by sending Christ ( Joh 3:16 ) and illustrated and proven by the way Christians love one another.經文:
約翰福音 17:24-17:24
註釋:
{I will} ( hel(935c)). Perfect identity of his will with that of the Father in "this moment of spiritual exaltation" (Bernard), though in Gethsemane Jesus distinguishes between his human will and that of the Father ( Mr 14:36 ). {Where I am} (hopou eimi eg(935c)). That is heaven, to be with Jesus ( 12:26 13:36 14:3 Ro 8:17 2Ti 2:11f. ). {That they may behold} (hina the(9372)(9373)in). Another purpose clause with hina and the present active subjunctive of he(9372)e(935c), "that they may keep on beholding," the endless joy of seeing Jesus "as he is" ( 1Jo 3:2 ) in heaven. {Before the foundation of the world} (pro katabol(8873) kosmou). This same phrase in Eph 1:4 1Pe 1:20 and six other times we have katabol(8820)kosmou ( Mt 25:34 Lu 11:50 Heb 4:3 9:26 Re 13:8 17:8 ). Here we find the same pre-incarnate consciousness of Christ seen in 17:5 .經文:
約翰福音 17:25-17:25
註釋:
{O righteous Father} (Pat(8872) dikaie). Nominative form with pat(8872) used as vocative (cf. Joh 20:28 ), but vocative form dikaie. Then the righteousness of God is appealed to like God's holiness in verse 11 . {The world} (kai ho kosmos). The translations usually slur over the kai as untranslatable in English. Westcott suggests "while" as a sort of correlative. It is quite possible that here kai is almost concessive like "though" and de=yet: "though the world did not know thee, yet I knew thee, and these knew thee." See Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 1182 for kai--de--kai and various other uses of kai in John's Gospel.經文:
約翰福音 17:26-17:26
註釋:
{And will make it known} (kai gn(9372)is(935c)). Future active of gn(9372)iz(935c), the perpetual mission of Christ through the Spirit ( 16:12,25 Mt 28:20 ) as he himself has done heretofore ( 17:6 ). {Wherewith} (hen). Cognate accusative relative with (8867)ap(8873)as which has also the accusative of the person me (me).經文:
約翰福音 18:1-18:1
註釋:
2Ki 23:4ff. 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Ki 23' or engs='2Ki 23'經文:
約翰福音 18:2-18:2
註釋:
{Resorted thither} (sun(8863)hth(8820)ekei). First aorist passive indicative of sunag(935c), old verb to gather together. A bit awkward here till you add "with his disciples." Judas knew the place, and the habit of Jesus to come here at night for prayer ( Lu 22:39 ). Hence his offer to catch Jesus while the feast was going on, catch him at night and alone in his usual place of prayer (the very spirit of the devil).經文:
約翰福音 18:3-18:3
註釋:
{The band of soldiers} ( (886e) speiran). No word for "of soldiers" in the Greek, but the Latin _spira_ (roll or ball) was used for a military cohort (Polybius 11, 23, 1) as in Mt 27:27 Ac 10:1 , etc., here for a small band secured from the Tower of Antonia. The Synoptics do not mention the soldiers, but only the "officers" as here (hup(8872)etas for which see Mt 26:58 Mr 14:54,65 ) or temple police from the Sanhedrin. {Cometh} (erchetai). Dramatic historical present middle indicative. {With lanterns and torches} (meta phan(936e) kai lampad(936e)). Both old words, phanos only here in N.T., lampas, an oil lamp ( Mt 25:1 ). It was full moon, but Judas took no chances for it may have been cloudy and there were dark places by the walls and under the olive trees. Meta is accompanied with {and weapons} (kai hopl(936e)). Mark ( Mr 14:43 ) mentions "swords and staves." Probably the temple guard had weapons as well as the soldiers.經文:
約翰福音 18:4-18:4
註釋:
{Knowing all the things that were coming upon him} (eid(9373) panta ta erchomena ep' auton). Mentioned already in Joh 13:1 . He was not taken by surprise. The surrender and death of Jesus were voluntary acts, though the guilt of Judas and the rest remains.經文:
約翰福音 18:5-18:5
註釋:
{Was standing} (hist(886b)ei). Second past perfect active of hist(886d)i used as imperfect, a vivid picture of Judas in the very act of betraying Jesus. John does not mention the kiss by Judas as a sign to the soldiers and police. Tatian suggests that it came before verse 4 . Then Jesus stepped forth and affirmed that he was the one whom they were seeking.經文:
約翰福音 18:6-18:6
註釋:
{Fell to the ground} (epesan chamai). Second aorist active indicative of pipt(935c) with first aorist ending (-an). This recoil made them stumble. But why did they step back? Was it the former claim of Jesus ({I am}, eg(9320)eimi) to be on an equality with God ( 8:58 13:19 ) or mere embarrassment and confusion or supernatural power exerted by Jesus? B adds I(8873)ous which must mean simply: "I am Jesus."經文:
約翰福音 18:7-18:7
註釋:
{Again} (palin). The repeated question receives the same answer. The soldiers and officers know who it is, but are still overawed.經文:
約翰福音 18:8-18:8
註釋:
{Let these go their way} (aphete toutous hupagein). Second aorist active imperative of aphi(886d)i. The verb hupagein means to withdraw ( 11:44 ). Jesus shows solicitude for the eleven as he had warned them and prayed for them ( Lu 22:31f. ). He is trying to help them.經文:
約翰福音 18:9-18:9
註釋:
{That might be fulfilled} (hina pl(8872)(9374)h(8869)). The regular formula ( 17:12 ) for Scripture, here applied to the prophecy of Jesus ( 17:12 ) as in verse 32 . John treats the saying of Jesus as on a par with the O.T.經文:
約翰福音 18:10-18:10
註釋:
{Having a sword} (ech(936e) machairan). It was unlawful to carry a weapon on a feast-day, but Peter had become alarmed at Christ's words about his peril. They had two swords or knives in the possession of the eleven according to Luke ( 22:38 ). After the treacherous kiss of Judas (on the hand or the cheek?) the disciples asked: "Lord, shall we smite with the sword?" ( Lu 22:49 ). Apparently before Jesus could answer Peter with his usual impulsiveness jerked out (heilkusen, first aorist active indicative of helku(935c) for which see 6:44 ) his sword and cut off the right ear of Malchus ( Joh 18:10 ), a servant of the high priest. Peter missed the man's head as he swerved to his left. Luke also ( Lu 22:50 ) mentions the detail of the right ear, but John alone mentions the man's name and Peter's. There was peril to Peter in his rash act as comes out later ( Joh 18:26 ), but he was dead long before John wrote his Gospel as was Lazarus of whom John could also safely write ( 12:9-11 ). For (9374)arion, diminutive of ous, see Mr 14:47 (only other N.T. example), another diminutive (9374)ion in Mt 26:51 ( Mr 14:47 Lu 22:51 ).經文:
約翰福音 18:11-18:11
註釋:
{Into the sheath} (eis t(886e) th(886b)(886e)). Old word from ith(886d)i, to put for box or sheath, only here in N.T. In Mt 26:52 Christ's warning is given. {The cup} ( o pot(8872)ion). Metaphor for Christ's death, used already in reply to request of James and John ( Mr 10:39 Mt 20:22 ) and in the agony in Gethsemane before Judas came ( Mr 14:36 Mt 26:39 Lu 22:42 ), which is not given by John. The case of o pot(8872)ion is the suspended nominative for note auto (it) referring to it. {Shall I not drink?} (ou m(8820)pi(933b)). Second aorist active subjunctive of pin(935c) with the double negative ou m(885c) in a question expecting the affirmative answer. Abbott takes it as an exclamation and compares 6:37 Mr 14:25 .經文:
約翰福音 18:12-18:12
註釋:
{The chief captain} (ho chiliarchos). They actually had the Roman commander of the cohort along (cf. Ac 21:31 ), not mentioned before. {Seized} (sunelabon). Second aorist active of sullamban(935c), old verb to grasp together, to arrest (technical word) in the Synoptics in this context ( Mr 14:48 Mt 26:55 ), here alone in John. {Bound} (ed(8873)an). First aorist active indicative of de(935c), to bind. As a matter of course, with the hands behind his back, but with no warrant in law and with no charge against him. {To Annas first} (pros Annan pr(9374)on). Ex-high priest and father-in-law (pentheros, old word, only here in N.T.) of Caiaphas the actual high priest. Then Jesus was subjected to a preliminary and superfluous inquiry by Annas (given only by John) while the Sanhedrin were gathering before Caiaphas. Bernard curiously thinks that the night trial actually took place here before Annas and only the early morning ratification was before Caiaphas. So he calmly says that "Matthew inserts the name _Caiaphas_ at this point (the night trial) in which he seems to have been mistaken." But why "mistaken"? {That year} ( ou eniautou ekeinou). Genitive of time.經文:
約翰福音 18:14-18:14
註釋:
{He which gave command} (ho sumbouleusas). First aorist active articular participle of sumbouleu(935c), old verb ( Mt 26:4 ). The reference is to Joh 11:50 . {It was expedient} (sumpherei). Present active indicative retained in indirect assertion after secondary tense ((886e), was). Here we have the second aorist active infinitive apothanein as the subject of sumpherei, both good idioms in the _Koin(825f).經文:
約翰福音 18:15-18:15
註釋:
{Followed} ((886b)olouthei). Imperfect active of akolouthe(935c), "was following," picturesque and vivid tense, with associative instrumental case (9369) I(8873)ou. {Another disciple} (allos math(8874)(8873)). Correct text without article ho (genuine in verse 16 ). Peter's companion was the Beloved Disciple, the author of the book ( Joh 21:24 ). {Was known unto the high priest} ((886e) gn(9373)tos t(9369) archierei). Verbal adjective from gin(9373)k(935c), to know ( Ac 1:19 ) with dative case. How well known the word does not say, not necessarily a personal friend, well enough known for the portress to admit John. "The account of what happened to Peter might well seem to be told from the point of view of the servants' hall" (Sanday, _Criticism of the Fourth Gospel_, p. 101). {Entered in with Jesus} (suneis(886c)then t(9369) I(8873)ou). Second aorist active indicative of the double compound suneiserchomai, old verb, in N.T. here and 6:22 . With associative instrumental case. {Into the court} (eis t(886e) aul(886e)). It is not clear that this word ever means the palace itself instead of the courtyard (uncovered enclosure) as always in the papyri (very common). Clearly courtyard in Mr 14:66 ( Mt 26:69 Lu 22:55 ). Apparently Annas had rooms in the official residence of Caiaphas.經文:
約翰福音 18:16-18:16
註釋:
{Was standing} (hist(886b)ei). Same form in verse 5 which see. So also hist(886b)eisan in 18 . Picture of Peter standing outside by the door. {Unto the high priest} ( ou archiere(9373)). Objective genitive here, but dative in verse 15 . {Unto her that kept the door} ( (8869) thur(9372)(9369)). Old word ( hura, door, (9372)a, care), masculine in 10:3 , feminine here, door-keeper (male or female).經文:
約翰福音 18:17-18:17
註釋:
{The maid} (h(8820)paidisk(885c)). Feminine form of paidiskos, diminutive of pais. See Mt 26:69 . When "the maid the portress" (apposition). {Art thou also?} (m(8820)kai su ei;). Expecting the negative answer, though she really believed he was. {This man's} ( ou anthr(9370)ou toutou). Contemptuous use of houtos with a gesture toward Jesus. She made it easy for Peter to say no.經文:
約翰福音 18:18-18:18
註釋:
{A fire of coals} (anthrakian). Old word, in LXX, only here and 21:9 in N.T. A heap of burning coals (anthrax, coal). Cf. our "anthracite." It was cold (psuchos (886e)). "There was coldness." The soldiers had apparently returned to their barracks. {Were warming themselves} (ethermainonto). Direct middle imperfect indicative of hermain(935c) (from hermos). So as to hermainomenos about Peter. "Peter, unabashed by his lie, joined himself to the group and stood in the light of the fire" (Dods).經文:
約翰福音 18:19-18:19
註釋:
{Asked} ((8872)(9374)(8873)en). First aorist active indicative of er(9374)a(935c), to question, usual meaning. This was Annas making a preliminary examination of Jesus probably to see on what terms Jesus made disciples whether as a mere rabbi or as Messiah.經文:
約翰福音 18:20-18:20
註釋:
8:20, 19:23 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '8' or engs='8'經文:
約翰福音 18:21-18:21
註釋:
{Ask them that have heard me} (er(9374)(8873)on tous ak(886b)ootas). First aorist (tense of urgent and instant action) active imperative of er(9374)a(935c) and the articular perfect active participle accusative masculine plural of akou(935c), to hear. There were abundant witnesses to be had. Multitudes had heard Jesus in the great debate in the temple on Tuesday of this very week when the Sanhedrin were routed to the joy of the common people who heard Jesus gladly ( Mr 12:37 ). They still know.經文:
約翰福音 18:22-18:22
註釋:
2Co 11:20 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Co 11' or engs='2Co 11'經文:
約翰福音 18:23-18:23
註釋:
{If I have spoken evil} (ei kak(9373) elal(8873)a). Condition of first class (assumed to be true), with ei and aorist active indicative. Jesus had not spoken evilly towards Annas, though he did not here turn the other cheek, one may note. For the sake of argument, Jesus puts it as if he did speak evilly. Then prove it, that is all. {Bear witness of the evil} (martur(8873)on peri tou kakou). First aorist active imperative of marture(935c), to testify. This is the conclusion (apodosis). Jesus is clearly entitled to proof of such a charge if there is any. {But if well} (ei de kal(9373)). Supply the same verb elal(8873)a. The same condition, but with a challenging question as the apodosis. {Smitest} (dereis). Old verb der(935c), to flay, to skin, to beat, as in Mt 21:35 Lu 22:63 2Co 11:20 (of an insulting blow in the face as here).經文:
約翰福音 18:24-18:24
註釋:
{Therefore sent him} (apesteilen oun auton). First aorist active of apostell(935c), not past perfect (had sent). The preliminary examination by Annas was over. {Bound} (dedemenon). Perfect passive participle of de(935c), to bind. Jesus was bound on his arrest (verse 12 ) and apparently unbound during the preliminary examination by Annas.經文:
約翰福音 18:25-18:25
註釋:
{Was standing and warming himself} ((886e) hest(9373) kai thermainomenos). Two periphrastic imperfects precisely as in verse 18 , vivid renewal of the picture drawn there. John alone gives the examination of Jesus by Annas ( 18:19-24 ) which he places between the first and the second denials by Peter. Each of the Four Gospels gives three denials, but it is not possible to make a clear parallel as probably several people joined in each time. This time there was an hour's interval ( Lu 22:59 ). The question and answer are almost identical with verse 17 and "put in a form which almost _suggested_ that Peter should say 'No'" (Bernard), a favourite device of the devil in making temptation attractive.經文:
約翰福音 18:26-18:26
註釋:
{Did not I see thee in the garden with him?} (ouk eg(9320)se eidon en t(9369) k(8870)(9369) met' autou;). This staggering and sudden thrust expects an affirmative answer by the use of ouk, not m(885c) as in verses 17,25 , but Peter's previous denials with the knowledge that he was observed by a kinsman of Malchus whom he had tried to kill (verse 10 ) drove him to the third flat denial that he knew Jesus, this time with cursing and swearing ( Mr 14:71 Mt 26:73 ). Peter was in dire peril now of arrest himself for attempt to kill. {Straightway} (euthe(9373)). As in Mt 26:74 while Luke has parachr(886d)a ( Lu 22:60 ). Mark ( Mr 14:68,72 ) speaks of two crowings as often happens when one cock crows. See Mt 26:34 for alekt(9372) (cock). That was usually the close of the third watch of the night ( Mr 13:35 ), about 3 A.M. Luke ( Lu 22:61 ) notes that Jesus turned and looked on Peter probably as he passed from the rooms of Annas to the trial before Caiaphas and the Sanhedrin (the ecclesiastical court). See Mrs. Browning's beautiful sonnets on "The Look".經文:
約翰福音 18:28-18:28
註釋:
{They lead} (agousin). Dramatic historical present of ag(935c), plural "they" for the Sanhedrists ( Lu 23:1 ). John gives no details of the trial before the Sanhedrin (only the fact, Joh 18:24,28 ) when Caiaphas presided, either the informal meeting at night ( Mr 14:53,55-65 Mt 26:57,59-68 Lu 22:54,63-65 ) or the formal ratification meeting after dawn ( Mr 15:1 Mt 27:1 Lu 22:66-71 ), but he gives much new material of the trial before Pilate ( 18:28-38 ). {Into the palace} (eis to prait(9372)ion). For the history and meaning of this interesting Latin word, _praetorium_, see on 烘t 27:27; Ac 23:35; Php 1:13|. Here it is probably the magnificent palace in Jerusalem built by Herod the Great for himself and occupied by the Roman Procurator (governor) when in the city. There was also one in Caesarea ( Ac 23:35 ). Herod's palace in Jerusalem was on the Hill of Zion in the western part of the upper city. There is something to be said for the Castle of Antonia, north of the temple area, as the location of Pilate's residence in Jerusalem. {Early} (pr(9369)). Technically the fourth watch (3 A.M. to 6 A.M.). There were two violations of Jewish legal procedure (holding the trial for a capital case at night, passing condemnation on the same day of the trial). Besides, the Sanhedrin no longer had the power of death. A Roman court could meet any time after sunrise. John ( 19:14 ) says it was "about the sixth hour" when Pilate condemned Jesus. {That they might not be defiled} (hina m(8820)mianth(9373)in). Purpose clause with hina m(885c) and first aorist passive subjunctive of miain(935c), to stain, to defile. For Jewish scruples about entering the house of a Gentile see Ac 10:28 11:3 . {But might eat the passover} (alla phag(9373)in to pascha). Second aorist active subjunctive of the defective verb esthi(935c), to eat. This phrase may mean to eat the passover meal as in Mt 27:17 ( Mr 14:12,14 Lu 22:11,15 ), but it does not have to mean that. In 2Ch 30:22 we read: "And they did eat the festival seven days" when the paschal festival is meant, not the paschal lamb or the paschal supper. There are eight other examples of pascha in John's Gospel and in all of them the feast is meant, not the supper. If we follow John's use of the word, it is the feast here, not the meal of Joh 13:2 which was the regular passover meal. This interpretation keeps John in harmony with the Synoptics.經文:
約翰福音 18:29-18:29
註釋:
{Went out} (ex(886c)then ex(935c)). Note both ex and ex(935c) (went out outside), since the Sanhedrin would not come into Pilate's palace. Apparently on a gallery over the pavement in front of the palace ( Joh 19:13 ). {Accusation} (kat(8867)orian). Old word for formal charge, in N.T. only here, 1Ti 5:19 Tit 1:6 . {Against this man} ( ou anthr(9370)ou toutou). Objective genitive after kat(8867)orian. A proper legal inquiry.經文:
約翰福音 18:30-18:30
註釋:
{If this man were not an evil-doer} (ei m(8820)(886e) houtos kakon poi(936e)). Condition (negative) of second class (periphrastic imperfect indicative), assumed to be untrue, with the usual apodosis (an and aorist indicative, first aorist plural with k). This is a pious pose of infallibility not in the Synoptics. They then proceeded to make the charges ( Lu 23:2 ) as indeed John implies ( 18:31,33 ). Some MSS. here read kakopoios (malefactor) as in 1Pe 2:12,14 , with which compare Luke's kakourgos ( 23:32f. ; so also 2Ti 2:9 ), both meaning evil-doer. Here the periphrastic present participle poi(936e) with kakon emphasizes the idea that Jesus was a habitual evil-doer (Abbott). It was an insolent reply to Pilate (Bernard).經文:
約翰福音 18:31-18:31
註釋:
{Yourselves} (humeis). Emphatic. Pilate shrewdly turns the case over to the Sanhedrin in reply to their insolence, who have said nothing whatever about their previous trial and condemnation of Jesus. He drew out at once the admission that they wanted the death of Jesus, not a fair trial for him, but Pilate's approval of their purpose to kill him ( Joh 7:1,25 ).經文:
約翰福音 18:32-18:32
註釋:
{By what manner of death} (poi(9369) thanat(9369)). Instrumental case of the qualitative interrogative poios in an indirect question, the very idiom used in Joh 12:32 concerning the Cross and here treated as prophecy (Scripture) with hina pl(8872)(9374)h(8869) like the saying of Jesus in verse 9 which see.經文:
約翰福音 18:33-18:33
註釋:
{Again} (palin). Back into the palace where Pilate was before. {Called} (eph(936e)(8873)en). First aorist active indicative of ph(936e)e(935c). Jesus was already inside the court (verse 28 ). Pilate now summoned him to his presence since he saw that he had to handle the case. The charge that Jesus claimed to be a king compelled him to do so ( Lu 23:2 ). {Art thou the King of the Jews?} (su ei ho basileus t(936e) Ioudai(936e);). This was the vital problem and each of the Gospels has the question ( Mr 15:2 Mt 27:1 Lu 23:3 Joh 18:33 ), though Luke alone ( 23:2 ) gives the specific accusation. {Thou} (su). Emphatic. Jesus did claim to be the spiritual king of Israel as Nathanael said ( Joh 1:49 ) and as the ecstatic crowd hailed him on the Triumphal Entry ( Joh 12:13 ), but the Sanhedrin wish Pilate to understand this in a civil sense as a rival of Caesar as some of the Jews wanted Jesus to be ( Joh 6:15 ) and as the Pharisees expected the Messiah to be.經文:
約翰福音 18:34-18:34
註釋:
{Of thyself} (apo seautou). Whether a sincere inquiry on Pilate's part or a trap from the Sanhedrin.經文:
約翰福音 18:35-18:35
註釋:
{Am I a Jew?} (m(8874)i eg(9320)Ioudaios eimi;). Proud and fine scorn on Pilate's part at the idea that he had a personal interest in the question. Vehement negation implied. Cf. 4:29 for m(8874)i in a question. The gulf between Jew and Gentile yawns wide here. {Nation} (ethnos as in 11:48-52 , rather than laos, while both in 11:50 ). For pared(936b)an see verse 30 . {What hast thou done?} ( i epoi(8873)as;). First aorist active indicative of poie(935c). Blunt and curt question. "What didst thou do?" "What is thy real crime?" John's picture of this private interview between Pilate and Jesus is told with graphic power.經文:
約翰福音 18:36-18:36
註釋:
1Co 9:25 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Co 9' or engs='1Co 9'經文:
約翰福音 18:37-18:37
註釋:
{Art thou a king then?} (oukoun basileus ei su;). Compound of ouk and oun and is clearly ironical expecting an affirmative answer, only here in the N.T., and in LXX only in A text in 2Ki 5:23 . {Thou sayest that} (su legeis hoti). In Mt 27:11 Mr 15:2 Lu 23:3 , su legeis clearly means "yes," as su eipas (thou saidst) does in Mt 26:64 (= "I am," eg(9320)eimi, in Mr 41:62 ). Hence here hoti had best be taken to mean "because": "Yes, because I am a king." {Have I been born} (eg(930a)gegenn(886d)ai). Perfect passive indicative of genna(935c). The Incarnation was for this purpose. Note repetition of eis touto (for this purpose), explained by hina martur(8873)(9320)t(8869) al(8874)hei(8369) (that I may bear witness to the truth), hina with first aorist active subjunctive of marture(935c). Paul ( 1Ti 6:13 ) alludes to this good confession when Christ bore witness (martur(8873)antos) before Pilate. Jesus bore such witness always ( Joh 3:11,32 7:7 8:14 Re 1:5 ).經文:
約翰福音 18:38-18:38
註釋:
{What is truth?} ( i estin al(8874)heia;). This famous sneer of Pilate reveals his own ignorance of truth, as he stood before Incarnate Truth ( Joh 14:6 ). _Quid est veritas?_ The answer in Latin is _Vir est qui adest_ as has been succinctly said by the use of the same letters. Pilate turned with indifference from his own great question and rendered his verdict: "I find no crime in him" (eg(9320)oudemian heurisk(9320)en aut(9369) aitian). For this use of aitia see Mt 27:37 Mr 15:26 . Pilate therefore should have set Jesus free at once.經文:
約翰福音 18:39-18:39
註釋:
{A custom} (sun(8874)heia). Old word for intimacy, intercourse, from sun(8874)h(8873) (sun, (8874)hos), in N.T. only here, 1Co 8:7 11:16 . This custom, alluded to in Mr 15:6 Mt 27:15 , is termed necessity (anagk(885c)) in Lu 23:17 (late MSS., not in older MSS.). All the Gospels use the verb apolu(935c) (release, set free). Then hina apolus(935c) is a subject clause (hina and first aorist active subjunctive) in apposition with sun(8874)heia. {Will ye therefore that I release?} (oulesthe oun apolus(933b)). Without the usual hina before apolus(935c), asyndeton, as in Mr 10:36 , to be explained either as parataxis or two questions (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 430) or as mere omission of hina (_ibid_., p. 994). There is contempt and irony in Pilate's use of the phrase "the king of the Jews."經文:
約翰福音 18:40-18:40
註釋:
{Cried out} (ekraugasan). First aorist active of kraugaz(935c), old and rare verb from kraug(885c), outcry ( Mt 25:6 ), as in Mt 12:19 . {Not this man} (m(8820)touton). Contemptuous use of houtos. The priests put the crowd up to this choice ( Mr 15:11 ) and Pilate offered the alternative ( Mt 27:17 , one MS. actually gives Jesus as the name of Barabbas also). The name Barabbas in Aramaic simply means son of a father. {A robber} (l(8869)st(8873)). Old word from l(8869)zomai, to plunder, and so a brigand and possibly the leader of the band to which the two robbers belonged who were crucified with Jesus. Luke terms him an insurgent and murderer ( Lu 23:19,25 ). They chose Barabbas in preference to Jesus and apparently Jesus died on the very cross planned for Barabbas.經文:
約翰福音 19:1-19:1
註釋:
{Took and scourged} (elaben kai emastig(9373)en). First aorist active indicative of lamban(935c) and mastigo(935c) (from mastix, whip). For this redundant use of lamban(935c) see also verse 6 . It is the causative use of mastigo(935c), for Pilate did not actually scourge Jesus. He simply ordered it done, perhaps to see if the mob would be satisfied with this penalty on the alleged pretender to royalty ( Lu 23:22 ) whom Pilate had pronounced innocent ( Joh 18:38 ), an illegal act therefore. It was a preliminary to crucifixion, but Jesus was not yet condemned. The Sanhedrin had previously mocked Jesus ( Mr 14:65 Mt 26:67f. Lu 22:63ff. ) as the soldiers will do later ( Mr 15:16-19 Mt 27:27-30 ). This later mock coronation (Mark and Matthew) was after the condemnation. {Plaited a crown of thorns} (plexantes stephanon ex akanth(936e)). Old verb plek(935c), to weave, in the N.T. only here, Mr 15:17 Mt 27:19 . Not impossible for the mock coronation to be repeated. {Arrayed him} (periebalon auton). "Placed around him" (second aorist active indicative of periball(935c)). {In a purple garment} (himation porphuroun). Old adjective porphureos from porphura, purple cloth ( Mr 15:17,20 ), dyed in purple, in the N.T. only here and Re 18:16 . Jesus had been stripped of his outer garment himation ( Mt 27:28 ) and the scarlet cloak of one of the soldiers may have been put on him ( Mt 27:28 ).經文:
約翰福音 19:3-19:3
註釋:
{They came} ((8872)chonto). Imperfect middle of repeated action, "they kept coming and saying" (elegon) in derision and mock reverence with Ave (chaire, Hail!) as if to Caesar. Note ho basileus (the king) in address. {They struck him with their hands} (edidosan aut(9369) rapismata). Imperfect of did(936d)i, repetition, "they kept on giving him slaps with their hands." See on 氣8:22| for this use of apisma.經文:
約翰福音 19:4-19:4
註釋:
{I bring him out to you} (ag(9320)humin auton ex(935c)). Vividly pictures Pilate leading Jesus out of the palace before the mob in front. {That ye may know} (hina gn(9374)e). Final clause with hina and the second aorist active subjunctive of gin(9373)k(935c), "that ye may come to know," by this mockery the sincerity of Pilate's decision that Jesus is innocent ( 18:38 ). It is a travesty on justice and dignity, but Pilate is trying by a bit of humour to turn the mob from the grip of the Sanhedrin.經文:
約翰福音 19:5-19:5
註釋:
{Wearing} (phor(936e)). Present active participle of phore(935c), an early frequentative of pher(935c), denoting a continual wearing, though not true here (only temporary). Jesus bore the mockery with kingly dignity as part of the shame of the Cross ( Heb 12:2 ). {Behold, the man} (Idou ho anthr(9370)os). _Ecce Homo!_ by Pilate. This exclamatory introduction of Jesus in mock coronation robes to the mob was clearly intended to excite pity and to show how absurd the charge of the Sanhedrin was that such a pitiable figure should be guilty of treason. Pilate failed utterly in this effort and did not dream that he was calling attention to the greatest figure of history, the Man of the ages.經文:
約翰福音 19:6-19:6
註釋:
{Crucify him, crucify him} (staur(9373)on, staur(9373)on). First aorist active imperative of stauro(935c) for which verb see Mt 29:19 , etc. Here the note of urgency (aorist imperative) with no word for "him," as they were led by the chief priests and the temple police till the whole mob takes it up ( Mt 27:22 ). {For I find no crime in him} (eg(9320)gar ouch heurisk(935c)). This is the third time Pilate has rendered his opinion of Christ's innocence ( 18:38 19:4 ). And here he surrenders in a fret to the mob and gives as his reason (gar, for) for his surrender the innocence of Jesus (the strangest judicial decision ever rendered). Perhaps Pilate was only franker than some judges!經文:
約翰福音 19:7-19:7
註釋:
{Because he made himself the Son of God} (hoti huion theou heauton epoi(8873)en). Here at last the Sanhedrin give the real ground for their hostility to Jesus, one of long standing for probably three years ( Joh 5:18 ) and the one on which the Sanhedrin voted the condemnation of Jesus ( Mr 14:61-64 Mt 27:23-66 ), but even now they do not mention their own decision to Pilate, for they had no legal right to vote Christ's death before Pilate's consent which they now have secured.經文:
約翰福音 19:8-19:8
註釋:
{He was the more afraid} (mallon ephob(8874)h(885c)). First aorist passive indicative of phobeomai. He was already afraid because of his wife's message ( Mt 27:19 ). The claim of Jesus to deity excited Pilate's superstitious fears.經文:
約翰福音 19:9-19:9
註釋:
{Whence art thou?} (pothen ei su;). Pilate knew that Jesus was from Galilee ( Lu 23:6f. ). He is really alarmed. See a like question by the Jews in 8:25 . {Gave him no answer} (apokrisin ouk ed(936b)en aut(9369)). See same idiom in 1:22 . Apokrisis (old word from apokrinomai) occurs also in Lu 2:47 20:26 . The silence of Jesus, like that before Caiaphas ( Mr 14:61 Mt 26:63 ) and Herod ( Lu 23:9 ), irritates the dignity of Pilate in spite of his fears.經文:
約翰福音 19:10-19:10
註釋:
{Unto me} (emoi). Emphatic position for this dative. It amounted to contempt of court with all of Pilate's real "authority" (exousia), better here than "power."經文:
約翰福音 19:11-19:11
註釋:
{Thou wouldest have} (ouk eiches). Imperfect active indicative without an, but apodosis of second-class condition as in 15:22,24 . {Except it were given thee} (ei m(8820)(886e) dedomenon). Periphrastic past perfect indicative of did(936d)i (a permanent possession). {From above} (an(9374)hen). From God (cf. 3:3 ), the same doctrine of government stated by Paul in Ro 13:1f . Pilate did not get his "authority" from the Sanhedrin, but from Caesar. Jesus makes God the source of all real "authority." {Hath greater sin} (meizona hamartian echei). The same idiom in 9:41 . Caiaphas has his authority from God also and has used Pilate for his own base end.經文:
約翰福音 19:12-19:12
註釋:
{Sought} (ez(8874)ei). Imperfect active, "kept on seeking," "made renewed efforts to release him." He was afraid to act boldly against the will of the Jews. {If thou release this man} (ean touton apolus(8869)s). Condition of third class, a direct threat to Pilate. He knew all the time that the Sanhedrin might tell Caesar on him. {Thou art not Caesar's friend} (ouk ei philos tou kaisaros). Later to Vespasian this was an official title, here simply a daring threat to Pilate. {Speaketh against Caesar} (antilegei t(9369) kaisari). Caesar brooks no rival. Jesus had allowed himself to be acclaimed king of Israel in the Triumphal Entry ( Joh 12:13 Mr 11:10 Lu 19:38 ). The Sanhedrin have caught Pilate in their toils.經文:
約翰福音 19:13-19:13
註釋:
{Sat down on the judgement seat} (ekathisen epi b(886d)atos). "Took his seat upon the (886d)a" (the raised platform for the judge outside the palace as in Ac 7:5 ). The examination is over and Pilate is now ready for the final stage. {The Pavement} (Lithostr(9374)on). Late compound from lithos, stone, and the verbal adjective str(9374)os form str(936e)numi, to speak, a mosaic or tesselated pavement, spread with stones, in 2Ch 7:3 , Josephus, Epictetus, papyri. The Chaldean name Gabbath(835c), an elevation, was apparently given because of the shape.經文:
約翰福音 19:14-19:14
註釋:
{The Preparation of the passover} (paraskeu(8820)tou pascha). That is, Friday of passover week, the preparation day before the Sabbath of passover week (or feast). See also verses 31,42 Mr 15:42 Mt 27:62 Lu 23:54 for this same use of paraskeu(885c) for Friday. It is the name for Friday today in Greece. {About the sixth hour} (h(9373) hekt(885c)). Roman time, about 6 A.M. (a little after 6 no doubt) when Pilate rendered his final decision. Mark ( Mr 15:25 ) notes that it was the third hour (Jewish time), which is 9 A.M. Roman time, when the crucifixion began. Why should John give Jewish time writing at the close of the first century when Jerusalem and the Jewish state passed away in A.D. 70? He is writing for Greek and Roman readers. {Behold your king} (Ide ho basileus hum(936e)). Ide is here an exclamation with no effect on the case of asileus just as in 1:29 . The sarcasm of Pilate is aimed at the Jews, not at Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 19:15-19:15
註釋:
1Sa 12:12 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Sa 12' or engs='1Sa 12'經文:
約翰福音 19:16-19:16
註釋:
{He delivered} (pared(936b)en). Kappa aorist active of paradid(936d)i, the very verb used of the Sanhedrin when they handed Jesus over to Pilate ( 18:30,35 ). Now Pilate hands Jesus back to the Sanhedrin with full consent for his death ( Lu 23:25 ). {To be crucified} (hina staur(9374)h(8869)). Purpose clause with hina and the first aorist passive subjunctive of stauro(935c). John does not give the dramatic episode in Mt 27:24f. when Pilate washed his hands and the Jews took Christ's blood on themselves and their children. But it is on Pilate also.經文:
約翰福音 19:17-19:17
註釋:
{They took} (parelabon). Second aorist active indicative of paralamban(935c), they took Jesus from Pilate. Cf. 1:11 14:3 . This is after the shameful scourging between 6 A.M. and 9 A.M. when the soldiers insult Jesus _ad libitum_ ( Mr 15:16-19 Mt 27:27-30 ). {Bearing the cross for himself} (astaz(936e) haut(9369) ton stauron). Cf. Lu 14:27 for this very picture in the words of Jesus. The dative case of the reflexive pronoun haut(9369) "for himself" is in strict accord with Roman custom. "A criminal condemned to be crucified was required to carry his own cross" (Bernard). But apparently Jesus under the strain of the night before and the anguish of heart within him gave out so that Simon of Cyrene was impressed to carry it for Jesus ( Mr 15:21f. Mt 27:32f. Lu 23:26 ). See Mr 15:22f. Mt 27:33f. Lu 23:33 for the meaning of "place of a skull" or Calvary and Golgotha in Hebrew (Aramaic). Luke has simply Kranion (Skull), a skull-looking place.經文:
約翰福音 19:18-19:18
註釋:
{They crucified} (estaur(9373)an). The soldiers just as in Ac 22:24f. ; the scourging of Paul was to be done by the soldiers. {And Jesus in the midst} (meson de ton I(8873)oun). Predicate adjective meson. A robber (l(8869)st(8873), not a thief, klept(8873)) was on each side of Jesus ( Mr 15:27 Mt 27:38 ) like Barabbas ( Joh 18:40 ) and probably members of his band, malefactors (kakourgoi) Luke terms them ( Lu 23:32 ).經文:
約翰福音 19:19-19:19
註釋:
{Pilate wrote a title also} (egrapsen kai titlon ho Peilatos). Only John tells us that Pilate himself wrote it and John alone uses the technical Latin word _titlon_ (several times in inscriptions), for the board with the name of the criminal and the crime in which he is condemned; Mark ( Mr 15:26 ) and Luke ( Lu 23:28 ) use epigraph(885c) (superscription). Matthew ( Mt 27:37 ) has simply aitian (accusation). The inscription in John is the fullest of the four and has all in any of them save the words "this is" (houtos estin) in Mt 27:37 .經文:
約翰福音 19:20-19:20
註釋:
{Read} (anegn(9373)an). Second aorist active indicative of anagin(9373)k(935c). It was meant to be read. Latin was the legal and official language; Aramaic (Hebrew) was for the benefit of the people of Jerusalem; Greek was for everybody who passed by who did not know Aramaic. Many of the Jews mocked as they read the accusation. This item alone in John.經文:
約翰福音 19:21-19:21
註釋:
{But that he said} (all' hoti ekeinos eipen). The chief priests were uneasy for fear that the joke in the mock title was on them instead of on Jesus. They were right in their fear.經文:
約翰福音 19:22-19:22
註釋:
{What I have written I have written} (ho gegrapha gegrapha). With emphasis on the permanence of the accusation on the board. Pilate has a sudden spirit of stubbornness in this detail to the surprise of the chief priests. Technically he was correct, for he had condemned Jesus on this charge made by the chief priests.經文:
約翰福音 19:23-19:23
註釋:
{Four parts} ( essera mer(885c)). There were four soldiers, the usual quaternion ( etradion, Ac 12:9 ) besides the centurion ( Mr 15:39 Mt 27:54 Lu 23:47 ). The clothes (himatia, outer clothes) of the criminal were removed before the crucifixion and belonged to the soldiers. Luke ( Lu 23:34 ) mentions the division of the garments, but not the number four. The four pieces would be the head gear, the sandals, the girdle, the allith (outer garment with fringes). {The coat was without seam} (ho chit(936e) araphos). For chit(936e) (the inner garment) see Mt 5:40 . Araphos is compound of a privative and apt(935c), to sew together, and so seamless (unsewed together), only here in N.T. It occurs elsewhere in Josephus, _Ant_. III. 6, 4. {Woven} (huphantos). Verbal (old word) from huphain(935c) (some MSS. in Lu 12:27 ), only here in N.T.經文:
約翰福音 19:24-19:24
註釋:
{Let us not rend it} (m(8820)schis(936d)en auton). M(885c) with first aorist active volitive subjunctive of schiz(935c), to split. It was too valuable to ruin. {Cast lots} (lach(936d)en). Second aorist active volitive subjunctive of lagchan(935c). The usual meaning is to obtain by lot ( Lu 1:9 Ac 1:17 ). Field (_Ot. Norv_. 72) holds that no example has been found where it means "cast lots" as here, but Thayer cites _Isocrates_, p. 144b and _Diod_. 4, 63. John here quotes with the usual formula Ps 22:18 (LXX verbatim) and finds a fulfilment here. The enemies of the Lord's Anointed treated him as already dead (Westcott) and so cast lots (elabon kl(8872)on, the common phrase as in Mt 27:35 ).經文:
約翰福音 19:25-19:25
註釋:
{Were standing by the cross of Jesus} (hist(886b)eisan para t(9369) staur(9369) tou I(8873)ou). Perfect of hist(886d)i, to place, used as imperfect (intransitive) with para (beside) and the locative case. Vivid contrast this to the rude gambling of the soldiers. This group of four (or three) women interests us more. Matt. ( Mt 27:55f. ) spoke of women beholding from afar and names three (Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and the mother of the sons of Zebedee). Mark also ( Mr 15:40 ) names three (Mary Magdalene, Mary the mother of James the less and of Joses, and Salome). They have clearly drawn near the Cross by now. John alone mentions the mother of Jesus in the group. It is not clear whether the sister of the mother of Jesus is Salome the mother of the sons of Zebedee or the wife of Clopas. If so, two sisters have the name Mary and James and John are cousins of Jesus. The point cannot be settled with our present knowledge.經文:
約翰福音 19:26-19:26
註釋:
{His mother} ( (886e) m(8874)era). Common Greek idiom, the article as possessive. {Standing by} (parest(9374)a). Perfect active (intransitive) participle of parist(886d)i, vivid and picturesque scene. The dying Saviour thinks of the comfort of his mother. {Whom he loved} (hon (8867)apa). Imperfect active. Surely John is justified in inserting this phrase here. If John were his cousin, that helps explain why Jesus turns the care of his mother over to him. But the brothers of Jesus are not present and disbelieved his claims. John is the only one of the apostles with courage enough to take his stand with the women by the Cross. There is no disrespect in the use of "Woman" (Gunai) here as there was not in 2:4 . This trust is to John, though Salome, John's own mother, was standing there.經文:
約翰福音 19:27-19:27
註釋:
{Unto his own home} (eis ta idia). See this same idiom and sense in 1:11 16:32 Ac 21:6 . John had a lodging in Jerusalem, whether a house or not, and the mother of Jesus lived with him there.經文:
約翰福音 19:28-19:28
註釋:
{Are now finished} ((8864)(8820)tetelestai). Perfect passive indicative of ele(935c). See same form in verse 30 . As in 13:1 , where Jesus is fully conscious (knowing, eid(9373)) of the meaning of his atoning death. {Might be accomplished} ( elei(9374)h(8869)). First aorist passive subjunctive of eleio(935c) rather than the usual pl(8872)(9374)h(8869) (verse 24 ) with hina. John sees the thirst of Jesus in Ps 69:21f . Jesus, of course, did not make the outcry in any mechanical way. Thirst is one of the severest agonies of crucifixion. For the "perfecting" of the Messiah by physical suffering see Heb 2:10 5:7ff .經文:
約翰福音 19:29-19:29
註釋:
{Was set} (ekeito). Imperfect middle. John, as eyewitness, had noticed it there. {Of vinegar} (oxous). Not vinegar drugged with myrrh ( Mr 15:23 ) and gall ( Mt 27:34 ) which Jesus had refused just before the crucifixion. {Sponge} (spoggon). Old word, in N.T. only here, Mr 15:36 Mt 27:48 , our "sponge." {They put} (perithentes). Second aorist active participle of peritith(886d)i, to place around. {Upon hyssop} (huss(9370)(9369)). {A reed} (kalam(9369)) as Mark and Matthew have it. The reed of the hyssop bush was only three or four feet long.經文:
約翰福音 19:30-19:30
註釋:
{Had received} (elaben). Second aorist active indicative of lamban(935c). Jesus took the vinegar (a stimulant), though he had refused the drugged vinegar. It is finished ( etelestai). Same for as in verse 28 . A cry of victory in the hour of defeat like enik(886b)a in 16:33 . Jesus knew the relation of his death to redemption for us ( Mr 10:45 Mt 20:28 26:28 ). {Bowed his head} (klinas t(886e) kephal(886e)). First aorist active participle of klin(935c). This vivid detail only in John. {Gave up his spirit} (pared(936b)en to pneuma). With the quotation of Ps 31:5 according to Lu 23:46 , "Father, into thy hands I commend my spirit" (the last of the seven sayings of Jesus on the Cross that are preserved for us). Jesus died with the words of this Psalm upon his lips. The apostle John had come back to the Cross.經文:
約翰福音 19:31-19:31
註釋:
{The Preparation} (paraskeu(885c)). Friday. See verse 14 . {Might not remain} (m(8820)mein(8869)). Negative final clause with hina m(885c) and first aorist active (constative) subjunctive of men(935c). {A high day} (megal(885c)). A "great" day, since "the sabbath day following synchronized with the first day of unleavened bread which was a 'great' day" (Bernard). A double reason therefore for wanting the bodies removed before sunset when the Sabbath began. {That their legs might be broken} (hina kateag(9373)in auton ta skel(885c)). Purpose clause with hina and the second aorist passive subjunctive of katagnumi with the augment retained in the subjunctive, a "false augment" common in later Greek as in the future in Mt 12:20 with this verb (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 365). This _crurifragium_ was done with a heavy mallet and ended the sufferings of the victim. {Legs} (skel(885c)). Old word, here only in N.T. {Might be taken away} (arth(9373)in). First aorist passive subjunctive of air(935c) with hina also.經文:
約翰福音 19:32-19:32
註釋:
{Which was crucified with him} ( ou sunstaur(9374)hentos aut(9369)). First aorist passive articular participle of sunstauro(935c) with associative instrumental case. Cf. Paul's Christ(9369) sunestaur(936d)ai ( Ga 2:19 ).經文:
約翰福音 19:33-19:33
註釋:
{Already dead} ((8864)(8820)tethn(886b)ota). Perfect active participle of hn(8873)k(935c). So then Jesus died before the robbers, died of a broken heart. {They brake not} (ou kateaxan). The augment is proper here (see 32 ).經文:
約翰福音 19:34-19:34
註釋:
{With a spear} (logch(8869)). Instrumental case of this old word, here only in the N.T. {Pierced his side} (autou t(886e) pleuran enuxen). First aorist active indicative of uss(935c), old word to pierce, here only in N.T., and pleuran (side), another old word, occurs in N.T. only here and Joh 20:20,25,27 . {Blood and water} (haima kai hud(9372)). Dr. W. Stroud (_Physical Cause of the Death of Christ_) argues that this fact proves that the spear pierced the left side of Jesus near the heart and that Jesus had died literally of a broken heart since blood was mixed with water.經文:
約翰福音 19:35-19:35
註釋:
{He that hath seen} (ho he(9372)ak(9373)). Perfect active articular participle of hora(935c). John the Apostle was there and saw this fact (still sees it, in fact). This personal witness disproves the theory of the Docetic Gnostics that Jesus did not have a real human body. {He knoweth} (ekeinos oiden). That is John does like 9:37 . It is possible that ekeinos may be a solemn appeal to God as in 1:33 or Christ as in 1Jo 3:5 . Bernard argues that the final editor is distinguishing the Beloved Disciple from himself and is endorsing him. But the example of Josephus (_War_. III. 7, 16) is against this use of ekeinos. John is rather referring to himself as still alive.經文:
約翰福音 19:36-19:36
註釋:
{Be broken} (suntrib(8873)etai). Second future passive of suntrib(935c), to crush together. A free quotation of Ex 12:46 about the paschal lamb.經文:
約翰福音 19:37-19:37
註釋:
{They pierced} (exekent(8873)an). First aorist active of ekkente(935c), late verb, correct translation of the Hebrew of Zec 12:10 , but not like the LXX, in N.T. only here and Re 1:7 .經文:
約翰福音 19:38-19:38
註釋:
{But secretly for fear of the Jews} (kekrummenos de dia ton phobon t(936e) Ioudai(936e)). Perfect passive participle of krupt(935c). An example of the rulers described in 12:41-43 who through cowardice feared to own their faith in Jesus as the Messiah. But it must be put down to the credit of Joseph that he showed courage in this darkest hour when the majority had lost heart. {That he might take away} (hina ar(8869)). Final clause with hina and the first aorist active subjunctive of air(935c). Else the body of Jesus might have gone to the potter's field. Pilate gladly consented.經文:
約翰福音 19:39-19:39
註釋:
2Ch 16:14 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Ch 16' or engs='2Ch 16'經文:
約翰福音 19:40-19:40
註釋:
{In linen cloths} (othoniois). Late diminutive for the old othon(885c), used for ships' sails, in N.T. here and Lu 24:12 . Case here either locative or instrumental. {With the spices} (meta t(936e) ar(936d)at(936e)). Late word ar(936d)a for spices, from fumes. {To bury} (entaphiazein). Late verb, from entaphia (en, taphos) the burial preparations of all sorts (flowers, perfumes, etc.), in N.T. only here and Mt 26:12 .經文:
約翰福音 19:41-19:41
註釋:
{A garden} (k(8870)os). See 18:1,26 . {New} (kainon). Fresh, unused. {Was never yet laid} (oudep(9320)(886e) tetheimenos). Periphrastic past perfect passive of ith(886d)i. It was Joseph's mausoleum, a rock tomb hewn out of the mountain side ( Mr 15:56 Mt 27:60 Lu 23:53 ), a custom common with the rich then and now. For royal tombs in gardens see 2Ki 21:18,26 Ne 3:16 .經文:
約翰福音 19:42-19:42
註釋:
{Was nigh at hand} (eggus (886e)). This tomb was outside of the city, near a road as the Cross was, and in a garden. The hill looked like a skull and was probably Gordon's Calvary seen from the Mount of Olives today.經文:
約翰福音 20:1-20:1
註釋:
{Now on the first day of the week} ( (8869) de mi(8369) t(936e) sabbat(936e)). Locative case of time when. Both Mark ( Mr 16:2 ) and Luke ( Lu 24:1 ) have this very idiom of the cardinal (8869) mi(8369), instead of the usual ordinal (8869) pr(9374)(8869) (first), an idiom common in the papyri and in the modern Greek (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 671). In all three instances also we have the genitive plural (936e) sabbat(936e) for "the week" as in Ac 20:7 . The singular sabbaton also occurs for "the week" as in Lu 18:12 Mr 16:9 . {Cometh Mary Magdalene} (Maria h(8820)Magdal(886e)(880a)erchetai). Vivid historical present. Mary Magdalene is not to be confounded with Mary of Bethany. {While it was yet dark} (skotias eti ous(8873)). Genitive absolute. For skotia see Joh 6:17 Mt 10:27 . Mark ( Mr 16:2 ) says the sun was risen on their actual arrival. She started from the house while still dark. {Taken away} ((8872)menon). Perfect passive participle of air(935c), predicate accusative in apposition with on lithon.經文:
約翰福音 20:2-20:2
註釋:
{Runneth} ( rechei). Vivid dramatic present indicative of rech(935c). John deals only with Mary Magdalene. She left the tomb at once before the rest and without seeing the angels as told in the Synoptics ( Mr 16:2-8 Mt 28:5-8 Lu 24:1-8 ). Luke ( Lu 24:9-12 ) does not distinguish between the separate report of Mary Magdalene and that of the other women. {To Simon Peter} (pros Sim(936e)a Petron). Full name as usual in John and back with John and the other disciples. The association of Peter and the other disciple in Joh 18-21 is like that between Peter and John in Ac 1-5 . {Loved} (ephilei). Imperfect of phile(935c) for which see 5:20 11:3 and for distinction from agapa(935c) see 11:5 13:23 21:7,15,17 . {They have taken away} ((8872)an). First aorist active indicative of air(935c), indefinite plural. {We know not} (ouk oidamen). Mary associates the other women with her in her ignorance. For eth(886b)an (have laid) see 19:42 . Mary fears a grave robbery. She has no idea of the resurrection of Jesus.經文:
約翰福音 20:3-20:3
註釋:
{They went} ((8872)chonto). Imperfect middle picturing the scene, "they were going." The two started instantly (ex(886c)then, aorist active indicative).經文:
約翰福音 20:4-20:4
註釋:
{They both} (hoi duo). "The two" (Peter and the other disciple whom Jesus loved). {Ran together} (etrechon homou). Imperfect active of rech(935c). It was a race in eagerness to reach the tomb of Jesus. {Outran Peter} (proedramen tacheion tou Petrou). Second aorist active indicative of protrech(935c), old verb, in N.T. only here and Lu 19:4 , to run on before (ahead). "He ran ahead more swiftly (see Joh 13:27 ) than Peter" (ablative case after comparative adverb acheion, _Koin(825f) for older h(8373)son). {First} (pr(9374)os). Predicative nominative (not adverb proton) and superlative used where only two involved. John won the race.經文:
約翰福音 20:5-20:5
註釋:
{Stooping and looking in} (parakupsas). Originally to stoop and look, but in the LXX ( Ge 26:8 Jud 5:28 1Ki 6:4 , etc.) and the papyri rather just to peep in and so Field (_Ot. Norv_.) urges here. See also verse 11 Lu 24:12 (the verse bracketed by Westcott and Hort). For othonia (linen cloth) see Joh 19:40 . {Lying} (keimena). Present middle participle of keimai, predicative accusative. John notices this fact at once. If the body had been removed, these clothes would have gone also. John's timid nature made him pause (yet, mentoi, however).經文:
約翰福音 20:6-20:6
註釋:
{Entered and beholdeth} (eis(886c)then kai the(9372)ei). Aorist active and present active indicative. Peter impulsively went on in and beholds ( he(9372)ei, vivid term again, but of careful notice, he(9372)e(935c), not a mere glance lep(935c) such as John gave in verse 5 ).經文:
約翰福音 20:7-20:7
註釋:
{The napkin} ( o soudarion). Already in 11:44 which see. This napkin for the head was in a separate place. {Rolled up} (entetuligmenon). Perfect passive participle, predicate accusative like keimenon, from entuliss(935c), late verb, to wrap in, to roll up, already in Mt 27:59 Lu 23:53 . It was arranged in an orderly fashion. There was no haste. {By itself} (ch(9372)is). Old adverb, "apart," "separately."經文:
約翰福音 20:8-20:8
註釋:
{Then therefore} ( ote oun). After Peter in time and influenced by the boldness of Peter. {And he saw and believed} (kai eiden kai episteusen). Both aorist active indicative (second and first). Peter saw more after he entered than John did in his first glance, but John saw into the meaning of it all better than Peter. Peter had more sight, John more insight. John was the first to believe that Jesus was risen from the tomb even before he saw him. According to Lu 24:12 Peter went away "wondering" still. The Sinaitic Syriac and 69 and 124 wrongly read here "they believed." John was evidently proud to be able to record this great moment when he believed without seeing in contrast to Thomas ( 20:29 ). Peter and John did not see the angels.經文:
約翰福音 20:9-20:9
註釋:
{For} (gar). Explanatory use of gar. {The Scripture} ( (886e) graph(886e)). Probably Ps 16:10 . Jesus had repeatedly foretold his resurrection, but that was all forgotten in the great sorrow on their hearts. Only the chief priests and Pharisees recalled the words of Jesus ( Mt 27:62ff. ). {Must} (dei). For this use of dei concerning Christ's death and resurrection see Mr 8:31 Mt 26:54 Lu 9:22 17:25 22:37 24:7,26,44 Joh 3:14 12:34 Ac 1:16 . Jesus had put emphasis on both the fact and the necessity of his resurrection which the disciples slowly perceived.經文:
約翰福音 20:10-20:10
註釋:
{Unto their own home} (pros hautous). "To themselves." Luke ( Lu 24:12 ) has pros hauton about Peter ("to his home"). This use of the reflective pronoun for home (literally, "to themselves"), like the French _chez eux_, occurs in Josephus (_Ant_. VII. 4, 6). John had taken the mother of Jesus to his home ( 19:27 ) and so he now hurried home to tell her the glorious news as he believed.經文:
約翰福音 20:11-20:11
註釋:
{Was standing} (hist(886b)ei). Past perfect of hist(886d)i as imperfect as in 19:25 . {At the tomb} (pros t(9369) mn(886d)ei(9369)). Pros (in front of) with locative while para (by the side of) with locative in 19:25 . Pathetic and common picture of a woman weeping by the tomb. See 11:31 . {As she wept} (h(9373) eklaien). Imperfect, "as she was weeping." {She stooped and looked} (parekupsen). Aorist active indicative of parakupt(935c) for which see verse 5 . Mary "peeped into" the tomb, but did not enter.經文:
約翰福音 20:12-20:12
註釋:
{Beholdeth} ( he(9372)ei). Vivid historical present again as in verses 6,14 . Peter and John had not seen the two angels. Westcott suggests an "economy" in such manifestations as the explanations. Better our own ignorance as to the reason why only the women saw them. Angels were commonly believed to be clad in white. See Mr 16:5 (a young man in a white robe), Mt 28:5 (the angel), Lu 24:4 (two men in dazzling apparel). For other angels in John's Gospel see 1:41 12:29 20:12 . {Had lain} (ekeito). Imperfect in progressive sense, "had been lying," though not there now.經文:
約翰福音 20:13-20:13
註釋:
{I do not know} (ouk oida). Singular here, not plural as in verse 2 , because clearly Mary is alone here. But the problem is the same. She did not see Peter and John at the tomb.經文:
約翰福音 20:14-20:14
註釋:
{She turned herself back} (estraph(8820)eis ta opis(935c)). Second aorist passive indicative of streph(935c) in an intransitive and almost reflective sense. In the disappearance of the aorist middle before the aorist passive see Robertson, _Grammar_, p.817. See also strapheisa (second aorist passive participle) in verse 16 . On eis ta opis(935c) see 6:66 18:6 . {Standing} (hest(9374)a). Second perfect active (intransitive) of hist(886d)i. Instinctively Mary felt the presence of some one behind her. {Was} (estin). Present active indicative retained in indirect discourse after (8869)dei (knew).經文:
約翰福音 20:15-20:15
註釋:
{Sir} (Kurie). Clearly not "Lord" here, for she thought him to be "the gardener" (ho k(8870)ouros), old word (k(8870)os, ouros), keeper of the garden, only here in the N.T. {If thou hast borne him hence} (ei su ebastasos auton). Condition of the first class. Note emphasis on su (thou). A new idea struck Mary as mistaken as the other one. Jesus had repeated the question of the angels, but she did not recognize him. {And I} (kag(935c)). Emphasis and crasis.經文:
約翰福音 20:16-20:16
註釋:
{Mary} (Mariam). Aramaic form in Aleph B W, though Maria in 19:25 . Clearly the old familiar tone of Jesus was in the pronunciation of her name. {Rabboni} (Rabbounei). Aramaic again for Didaskale (Teacher), "my Teacher." In N.T. only here and Mr 10:51 though practically the same as Rabbi. See 11:28 for "the Teacher" (Rabbi). These two simple words tell the great fact that Christ is risen and Mary has seen him. One says little in really great moments.經文:
約翰福音 20:17-20:17
註釋:
{Touch me not} (m(8820)mou haptou). Present middle imperative in prohibition with genitive case, meaning "cease clinging to me" rather than "Do not touch me." Jesus allowed the women to take hold of his feet (ekrat(8873)an) and worship (prosekun(8873)an) as we read in Mt 28:9 . The prohibition here reminds Mary that the previous personal fellowship by sight, sound, and touch no longer exists and that the final state of glory was not yet begun. Jesus checks Mary's impulsive eagerness. {For I am not yet ascended} (oup(9320)gar anabeb(886b)a). Perfect active indicative. Jesus is here at all only because he has not yet gone home. He had said ( 16:7 ) that it was good for them that he should go to the Father when the Holy Spirit will come through whom they will have fellowship with the Father and Christ. {My God} ( heou mou). Jesus had said "My God" on the Cross ( Mr 15:34 ). Note it also in Re 3:2 . So Paul in Ro 15:6 , etc., has "the God and Father of our Lord Jesus Christ."經文:
約翰福音 20:18-20:18
註釋:
{And telleth} (aggellousa). Present active participle, "announcing." {I have seen the Lord} (He(9372)aka ton kurion). Perfect active indicative of hora(935c). She will always carry in her heart that vision (picture) of the Risen Christ. She tells this fact before she delivers Christ's message to the brethren of Christ. {How that}. No word in the Greek, but a conjunction like h(9373) is implied. Hoti here is recitative. The disciples (brethren) did not believe Mary's story nor that of the other women ( Lu 24:11 Mr 16:11 ). Paul does not mention the vision to Mary or the women in 1Co 15:5-7 . But Mary Magdalene was the first one to see the Risen Lord.經文:
約翰福音 20:19-20:19
註釋:
{When therefore it was evening on that day} (ous(8873) oun opsias t(8869) h(886d)er(8369) ekeinei). Genitive absolute with opsia (opsios, late), old word with h(9372)a (hour) understood and here for the time from six to nine ( 6:16 ) and the locative case of time with h(886d)er(8369) (day). John often uses this note of time ( 1:39 5:9 11:53 14:20 16:23,26 ). The addition of (8869) mi(8369) sabbat(936e) (see 20:1 for this use of mi(8369) like pr(9374)(8869)) proves that John is using Roman time, not Jewish, for here evening follows day instead of preceding it. {When the doors were shut} ( (936e) thur(936e) kekleismen(936e)). Genitive absolute again with perfect passive participle of klei(935c), shut to keep the Jews out. News of the empty tomb had already spread ( Mt 28:11 ). See Joh 7:13 for the phrase "for fear of the Jews"; cf. 12:42 . {Stood in the midst} (est(8820)eis to meson). Second aorist (ingressive) active (intransitive) of hist(886d)i, "stepped into the midst." {Peace be unto you} (Eir(886e)(8820)humin). The usual oriental salutation as in verses 21,26 Lu 24:36 , here with probable reference to Joh 14:27 (Christ's legacy of peace).經文:
約翰福音 20:20-20:20
註釋:
{Showed} (edeixen). First aorist active indicative of deiknumi. This body, not yet glorified, retained the marks of the nails and of the soldier's spear, ample proof of the bodily resurrection against the modern view that only Christ's "spirit" arose and against the Docetic notion that Jesus had no actual human body. Luke ( Lu 24:39f. ) adds feet to hands and side. {Were glad} (echar(8873)an). Second aorist passive indicative of chair(935c). Jesus had said ( 16:22 ) that it would be so. Luke adds ( Lu 24:41 ) that they "disbelieved for joy." It was too good to be true, though terror had first seized them when Jesus appeared ( Lu 24:37 ) because of the suddenness of Christ's appearance and their highly wrought state.經文:
約翰福音 20:21-20:21
註釋:
{Even so send I you} (kag(9320)pemp(9320)humas). Jesus has often spoken of the Father's sending him using both apostell(935c) and pemp(935c). Here he employs both words in practically the same sense. Jesus still bears the Commission of the Father (perfect active indicative). For this balanced contention (as ... so) see 6:57 10:15 . This is the first of the three commissions given by the Risen Christ (another on the mountain in Galilee ( Mt 28:16-20 1Co 15:6 ), another on the Mount of Olives ( Lu 24:44-51 Ac 1:3-11 ).經文:
約翰福音 20:22-20:22
註釋:
{He breathed on them} (enephus(8873)en). First aorist active indicative of emphusa(935c), late verb, here only in N.T. though eleven times in the LXX and in the papyri. It was a symbolic art with the same word used in the LXX when God breathed the breath of life upon Adam ( Ge 2:7 ). It occurs also in Eze 37:9 . See Christ's promise in Joh 16:23 . Jesus gives the disciples a foretaste of the great pentecost. {Receive ye the Holy Ghost} (labete pneuma hagion). Second aorist (ingressive) active imperative of lamban(935c). Note absence of article here (pneuma hagion) though o pneuma to hagion in 14:26 . No real distinction is to be observed, for Holy Spirit is treated as a proper name with or without the article.經文:
約翰福音 20:23-20:23
註釋:
{Whosesoever sins ye forgive} (an tin(936e) aph(8874)e tas hamartias). "If the sins of any ye forgive" (aph(8874)e, second aorist active subjunctive with an in the sense of ean), a condition of the third class. Precisely so with "retain" (krat(8874)e, present active subjunctive of krate(935c)). {They are forgiven} (aphe(936e)tai). Perfect passive indicative of aphi(886d)i, Doric perfect for apheintai. {Are retained} (kekrat(886e)tai). Perfect passive indicative of krate(935c). The power to forgive sin belongs only to God, but Jesus claimed to have this power and right ( Mr 2:5-7 ). What he commits to the disciples and to us is the power and privilege of giving assurance of the forgiveness of sins by God by correctly announcing the terms of forgiveness. There is no proof that he actually transferred to the apostles or their successors the power in and of themselves to forgive sins. In Mt 16:19 18:18 we have a similar use of the rabbinical metaphor of binding and loosing by proclaiming and teaching. Jesus put into the hands of Peter and of all believers the keys of the Kingdom which we should use to open the door for those who wish to enter. This glorious promise applies to all believers who will tell the story of Christ's love for men.經文:
約翰福音 20:24-20:24
註釋:
{Didymus} (Didumos). The same expression applied to Thomas in 11:16 21:2 , but nowhere else in N.T. Old word for twin (double), "the pessimist of the apostolic band" (Bernard). The term twelve is still applied to the group, though Judas, the traitor, is dead.經文:
約翰福音 20:25-20:25
註釋:
{We have seen the Lord} (he(9372)akamen ton kurion). The very language in the plural that Mary Magdalene had used ( 20:18 ) when no one believed her. {Except I shall see} (ean m(8820)id(935c)). Negative condition of third class with ean and second aorist active subjunctive and so as to al(935c) (from all(935c)) "and put." {The print} ( on tupon). The mark or stamp made by the nails, here the original idea. Various terms as in Ac 7:44 1Ti 4:12 . Finally our "type" as in Ro 5:14 . Clearly the disciples had told Thomas that they had seen the upon of the nails in his hands and the spear in his side. {I will not believe} (ou m(880a)pisteus(935c)). Strong refusal with ou m(885c) (doubtful negative) and first aorist active subjunctive (or future indicative).經文:
約翰福音 20:26-20:26
註釋:
{After eight days} (meth' h(886d)eras okt(935c)). That is the next Sunday evening, on the eighth day in reality just like "after three days" and "on the third day." {Within} (es(935c)). Apparently in the same room as before. {Cometh} (erchetai). Vivid dramatic present. The other items precisely as in verse 19 save Thomas was with them.經文:
約翰福音 20:27-20:27
註釋:
{Then saith he to Thomas} (eita legei t(9369) Thom(8369)). Jesus turns directly to Thomas as if he had come expressly for his sake. He reveals his knowledge of the doubt in the mind of Thomas and mentions the very tests that he had named ( 25 ). {Be not faithless} (m(8820)ginou apistos). Present middle imperative of ginomai in prohibition, "stop becoming disbelieving." The doubt of Thomas in the face of the witness of the others was not a proof of his superior intelligence. Sceptics usually pose as persons of unusual mentality. The medium who won Sir Arthur Conan Doyle to spiritualism has confessed that it was all humbug, but he deceived the gullible novelist. But Thomas had carried his incredulity too far. Note play on apistos (disbelieving) and pistos (believing).經文:
約翰福音 20:28-20:28
註釋:
{My Lord and my God} (Ho kurios mou kai ho theos mou). Not exclamation, but address, the vocative case though the form of the nominative, a very common thing in the _Koin(825f). Thomas was wholly convinced and did not hesitate to address the Risen Christ as Lord and God. And Jesus accepts the words and praises Thomas for so doing.經文:
約翰福音 20:29-20:29
註釋:
{Thou hast believed} (pepisteukas). Perfect active indicative. Probably interrogative, but "it was _sight_, not _touch_ that convinced Thomas" (Bernard). {And yet} (kai). Clear use of kai in the adversative sense. Thomas made a noble confession, but he missed the highest form of faith without the evidence of the senses. Peter ( 1Pe 1:8 ) uses language that seems like a reminiscence of the words of Jesus to Thomas which Peter heard.經文:
約翰福音 20:30-20:30
註釋:
{Many other signs} (polla alla s(886d)eia). Not only those described in the Synoptic Gospels or referred to in general statements, but many alluded to in John's Gospel ( 2:23 4:45 12:37 ). {Are not written} (ouk estin gegrammena). Periphrastic perfect passive indicative of graph(935c), do not stand written, are not described "in this book." John has made a selection of the vast number wrought by Jesus "in the presence of the disciples" (en(9370)ion t(936e) math(8874)(936e)), common idiom in Luke, not in Mark and Matthew, and by John elsewhere only in 1Jo 3:22 . John's book is written with a purpose which he states.經文:
約翰福音 20:31-20:31
註釋:
{Are written} (gegraptai). Perfect passive indicative of graph(935c), "have been written" by John. {That ye may believe} (hina pisteu(8874)e). Purpose with hina and the present active subjunctive of pisteu(935c), "that you may keep on believing." The book has had precisely this effect of continuous and successive confirmation of faith in Jesus Christ through the ages. {Jesus is the Christ, the Son of God} (I(8873)ous estin ho Christos ho huios tou theou). The man named Jesus is identical with the Messiah (the Anointed One) as opposed to the Cerinthian separation of the Jesus of history and the Christ (aeon) of theology. And the Docetic notion of a phantom body for Jesus with no actual human body is also false. Jesus is the Son of God with all that this high term implies, the Logos of Joh 1:1-18 (the Prologue). "Very God of very God," Incarnate Revealer of God. But there is a further purpose. {And that believing ye may have life in his name} (kai hina pisteuontes z(9388)n ech(8874)e en t(9369) onomati autou). Note present participle pisteuontes (continuing to believe) and the present active subjunctive ech(8874)e (keep on having). "Life" (z(9388)n) is eternal life so often mentioned in this Gospel, life to be found only in the name (and power) of Jesus Christ the Son of God. This verse constitutes a fitting close for this wonderful book and John may at first have intended to stop here. But before he published the work he added the Epilogue (Chapter XXI) which is written in the same style and gives a beautiful picture of the Risen Christ with a side-light on John and Peter (restored to fellowship).經文:
約翰福音 21:1-21:1
註釋:
{Manifested himself} (ephanerosen heauton). First aorist active indicative of phanero(935c) with the reflexive pronoun (cf. 7:4 13:4 ). For the passive see 1:31 21:14 . Jesus was only seen during the forty days now and then ( Ac 1:3 ), ten instances being recorded. The word phanero(935c) is often used of Christ on earth ( Joh 1:31 2:11 1Pe 1:20 1Jo 1:2 ), of his works ( Joh 3:5 ), of the second coming ( 1Jo 2:28 ), of Christ in glory ( Col 3:4 1Jo 3:2 ). {At} (epi). By or upon. {Of Tiberias} ( (8873) Tiberiados). As in 6:1 instead of the usual "Sea of Galilee." Tiberias, the capital city of Galilee, gave this epithet to the Sea of Galilee. This is not the appearance in Galilee prearranged by Jesus ( Mr 16:7 Mt 28:7,16 ).經文:
約翰福音 21:2-21:2
註釋:
{There were together} ((8873)an homou). These seven (Peter, Thomas, Nathanael, the sons of Zebedee, and two others). We know that the sons of Zebedee were James and John ( Mt 4:21 ), mentioned by name nowhere in John's Gospel, apparently because John is the author. We do not know who the "two others of his disciples" were, possibly Andrew and Philip. It seems to me to be crass criticism in spite of Harnack and Bernard to identify the incident here with that in Lu 5:1-11 . There are a few points of similarity, but the differences are too great for such identification even with a hypothetical common source.經文:
約翰福音 21:3-21:3
註釋:
{I go a fishing} (hupag(9320)halieuein). The present active infinitive halieuein expresses purpose as often. It is a late verb from halieus (fisherman) and occurs in Jer 16:16 , in Philo, Plutarch, and one papyrus. Peter's proposal was a natural one. He had been a fisherman by practice and they were probably waiting in Galilee for the appointed meeting with Christ on the mountain. Andrew and Peter, James and John were fishermen also. Peter's proposition met a ready response from all. {They took} (epiasan). First aorist active indicative of piaz(935c), Doric form for piez(935c), to catch.經文:
約翰福音 21:4-21:4
註釋:
{When day was now breaking} (pr(9369)as (8864)(8820)ginomen(8873)). Genitive absolute and note present middle participle (dawn coming on and still dark). In Mt 27:1 the aorist participle (genomen(8873)) means that dawn had come. For "beach" (aigialon) see Mt 13:2 . {Was} (estin). Present indicative retained in indirect assertion.經文:
約翰福音 21:5-21:5
註釋:
1Jo 2:13,18 一共查出 0 筆,引用資料有問題!select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Jo 2' or engs='1Jo 2'經文:
約翰福音 21:6-21:6
註釋:
{The right side} (eis ta dexia mer(885c)). Jesus knew where the fish were. For "net" (diktuon) see Mt 4:20 , here alone in John. {Were now not able to draw it} (ouketi auto helkusai ischuon). Imperfect active picturing the disciples tugging at the net.經文:
約翰福音 21:7-21:7
註釋:
{It is the Lord} (ho kurios estin). John's quick insight appears again. {Girt his coat about him} ( on ependut(886e) diez(9373)ato). First aorist middle (indirect) indicative with which note diez(9373)en heauton in 13:4 . Apparently Peter threw on the upper garment or linen blouse (ependut(886e)) worn by fishers over his waistcloth and tucked it under his girdle.經文:
約翰福音 21:8-21:8
註釋:
{In the little boat} ( (9369) ploiari(9369)). Locative case of ploiarion (diminutive) for the larger boat (ploion, verses 3,6 ) could come no closer to shore. But the words seem interchangeable in 6:17,19,21,22,24 . {About two hundred cubits off} (h(9373) apo p(8863)h(936e) diakosi(936e)). For p(8863)hus, cubit, see Mt 6:27 and for h(9373) apo see 11:18 . {Dragging} (surontes). Present active participle of sur(935c) for which see Ac 8:3 .經文:
約翰福音 21:9-21:9
註釋:
{Got out} (apeb(8873)an). As in Lu 5:2 . {They see} (lepousin). Vivid historical present. {A fire of coals} (anthrakian). See 18:18 for this word. Cf. our "anthracite." {There} (keimen(886e)). Lying as placed, present middle participle of keimai. {Fish} (opsarion). As in 6:9,11 , like prosphagion above. {Laid thereon} (epikeimenon). So broiling with bread ready (toast).經文:
約翰福音 21:10-21:10
註釋:
{Which} (h(936e)). Ablative case by attraction from ha to agree with opsari(936e). They had caught the fish by Christ's direction.經文:
約翰福音 21:11-21:11
註釋:
{Went up} (aneb(885c)). Into the little boat or dinghy. {Drew} (heilkusen). Same verb as helkusai in verse 6 . Peter now did what they had failed to do. {Three} ( ri(936e)). The addition "three" to the "hundred and fifty" looks as if they were actually counted these "large" (megal(936e)) fish. It was a great fish story that John recalls vividly. {Was not rent} (ouk eschisth(885c)). First aorist passive indicative of schiz(935c), to split (our word "schism").經文:
約翰福音 21:12-21:12
註釋:
{Break your fast} (arist(8873)ate). First aorist active imperative of arista(935c) from ariston, first to breakfast, as here and then later to dine as in Lu 11:37 . What a delightful breakfast of fresh broiled fish just caught (verse 10 ) with the hush of joyful surprise in the presence of the Risen Lord. {Durst} (etolma) Imperfect active of olma(935c). The restraint of silence continued.經文:
約翰福音 21:13-21:13
註釋:
{Taketh the bread, and giveth them} (lambanei ton arton kai did(9373)in autois). Vivid presents again. Jesus acts as host at this early breakfast, his last meal with these seven faithful followers.經文:
約翰福音 21:14-21:14
註釋:
{Now the third time} ( o (8864)(8820)triton). "To the disciples" (apostles) John says, the two others being told by him ( 20:19,26 ) on the two Sunday evenings. There were four other appearances already (to Mary Magdalene, to the group of women, to the two on the way to Emmaus, to Peter).經文:
約翰福音 21:15-21:15
註釋:
{Lovest thou me more than these?} (agap(8369)s me pleon tout(936e);). Ablative case of comparison out(936e) (disciples) after pleon. Peter had even boasted that he would stand by Christ though all men forsook him ( Mr 14:29 ). We do not know what passed between Jesus and Peter when Jesus first appeared to him ( Lu 24:34 ). But here Christ probes the inmost recesses of Peter's heart to secure the humility necessary for service. {I love thee} (phil(9320)su). Peter makes no claim here to superior love and passes by the "more than these" and does not even use Christ's word agapa(935c) for high and devoted love, but the humbler word phile(935c) for love as a friend. He insists that Christ knows this in spite of his conduct. {Feed my lambs} (Boske ta arnia mou). For the old word osk(935c) (to feed as a herdsman) see Mt 8:33 . Present active imperative here. Arnia is a diminutive of arnos (lamb).經文:
約翰福音 21:16-21:16
註釋:
{Lovest thou me?} (agap(8369)s me;). This time Jesus drops the pleon tout(936e) and challenges Peter's own statement. Peter repeats the same words in reply. {Tend my sheep} (poimaine ta probatia). Present active imperative of poimain(935c), old verb from poim(886e) (shepherd), "shepherd my lambs" (probatia, diminutive of probaton, sheep).經文:
約翰福音 21:17-21:17
註釋:
{Lovest thou me?} (phileis me;). This time Jesus picks up the word phile(935c) used by Peter and challenges that. These two words are often interchanged in the N.T., but here the distinction is preserved. Peter was cut to the heart (elup(8874)h(885c), first aorist passive of lupe(935c), to grieve) because Jesus challenges this very verb, and no doubt the third question vividly reminds him of the three denials in the early morning by the fire. He repeats his love for Jesus with the plea: "Thou knowest all things." {Feed my sheep} (oske ta probatia). Many MSS. both here and in verse 16 read probata (sheep) instead of probatia (little sheep or lambs).經文:
約翰福音 21:18-21:18
註釋:
{Thou girdest thyself} (ez(936e)nues seauton). Imperfect active of customary action of z(936e)nu(935c), old verb, in N.T. only here and Ac 12:8 . So as to periepateis (walkedst) and (8874)heles (wouldest), two other imperfects of customary action. {When thou shalt be old} (hotan g(8872)as(8869)s). Indefinite temporal clause with hotan and the first aorist active subjunctive of g(8872)ask(935c), old verb to grow old, in N.T. only here and Heb 8:13 , "whenever thou growest old."經文:
約翰福音 21:19-21:19
註釋:
{By what manner of death} (poi(9369) thanat(9369)). Undoubtedly John, who is writing long after Peter's death, seems to mean that Peter was to die (and did die) a martyr's death. "Whither thou wouldest not." There is a tradition that Peter met death by crucifixion and asked to be crucified head downwards, but that is not made plain here.經文:
約翰福音 21:20-21:20
註釋:
{Turning about} (epistrapheis). Second aorist passive participle of epistreph(935c), old verb, here a sudden turning round (ingressive aorist). For the simplex verb streph(935c) see 20:14,16 . {Following} (akolouthounta). Following both Jesus and Peter, perhaps having heard the graphic dialogue above.經文:
約翰福音 21:21-21:21
註釋:
{And what shall this man do?} (houtos de ti;). Literally, "But this one ... what?" The abrupt ellipsis is intelligible.經文:
約翰福音 21:22-21:22
註釋:
{If I will} (ean thel(935c)). Condition of the third class with ean and the present active subjunctive of hel(935c). {Till I come} (he(9373) erchomai). Literally, "while I am coming" (he(9373) and the present indicative, not he(9373) elth(935c) (second aorist active subjunctive). {What is that to thee?} ( i pros se;). A sharp rebuke to Peter's keen curiosity. {Follow thou me} (su moi akolouthei). "Do thou me keep on following." That lesson Peter needed.經文:
約翰福音 21:23-21:23
註釋:
{That that disciple should not die} (hoti ho math(8874)(8873) ekeinos ouk apothn(8873)kei) (present active indicative), because Peter or others misunderstood what Jesus meant as John now carefully explains. He was rebuking Peter's curiosity, not affirming that John would live on till the Master returned. John is anxious to set this matter right.經文:
約翰福音 21:24-21:24
註釋:
{That is} (houtos estin). The one just mentioned in verse 20 , "the disciple whom Jesus loved." {And wrote these things} (kai ho grapsas tauta). Here there is a definite statement that the Beloved Disciple wrote this book. {We know} (oidamen). The plural here seems intentional as the identification and endorsement of a group of disciples who know the author and wish to vouch for his identity and for the truthfulness of his witness. Probably we see here a verse added by a group of elders in Ephesus where John had long laboured.重新查詢