SECOND TIMOTHY
FROM ROME
PROBABLY EARLY AUTUMN OF 67 OR SPRING OF 68
經文：提摩太後書 1:1-1:1 註釋:
1Ti
4:8 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Ti
4' or engs='1Ti
4'
經文：提摩太後書 1:2-1:2 註釋:
{Beloved} (agap(8874)oi). Instead of gn(8873)i(9369) (genuine) in
1Ti 1:2 . He had already called Timothy agap(8874)on (verbal
adjective of agapa(935c)) in 1Co 4:17 , an incidental and strong
proof that it is Paul who is writing here. This argument applies
to each of the Pastorals for Paul is known by other sources (Acts
and previous Pauline Epistles) to sustain precisely the
affectionate relation toward Timothy and Titus shown in the
Pastorals.
經文：提摩太後書 1:3-1:3 註釋:
1Ti
1:12 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Ti
1' or engs='1Ti
1'
經文：提摩太後書 1:4-1:4 註釋:
{Night and day} (
uktos kai h(886d)eras). Genitive of time, "by
night and by day." As in 1Th 2:9 3:10 . {Longing}
(epipoth(936e)). Present active participle of epipothe(935c), old
word, eight times in Paul ( 1Th 3:6 Php 1:8 , etc.).
{Remembering thy tears} (memn(886d)enos sou t(936e) dakru(936e)). Perfect
middle participle of mimn(8873)k(935c), old and common verb with the
genitive, only here in the Pastorals and elsewhere by Paul only
in 1Co 11:2 . Probably an allusion to the scene at Miletus ( Ac
20:37 ). Cf. Ac 20:19 . {That I may be filled with joy} (hina
charas pl(8872)(9374)h(935c)). Final clause with hina and first aorist
passive subjunctive of pl(8872)o(935c) (with genitive case charas), a
verb common with Paul ( Ro 8:4 13:8 ).
經文：提摩太後書 1:5-1:5 註釋:
1Pe
1:13 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Pe
1' or engs='1Pe
1'
經文：提摩太後書 1:6-1:6 註釋:
{For the which cause} (di' h(886e) aitian). "For which cause,"
stronger than dio. So in verse 12 Tit 1:13 . Only example of
aitia by Paul save in Ac 28:20 . {I put thee in remembrance}
(anamimn(8873)k(935c)). Old compound to remind ( 1Co 4:17 2Co 7:15 ).
{That thou stir up} (se anaz(9370)urein). Present active infinitive
of anaz(9370)ure(935c), old double compound (ana and z(9370)uron, live
coal, z(936f)s and pur, then the bellows for kindling), to
rekindle, to stir into flame, to keep blazing (continuous action,
present time), only here in N.T. See 1Th 5:19 for the figure of
fire concerning the Holy Spirit. See anapt(935c) in Lu 12:49 . {The
gift of God} ( o charisma tou theou). See 1Ti 4:14 . Here Paul
says mou (my), there he mentions the presbytery. Paul felt a
deep personal interest in Timothy. See 1Co 7:7 Ro 6:23 11:29
for the gift of God.
經文：提摩太後書 1:7-1:7 註釋:
{A spirit of fearfulness} (pneuma deilias). Here pneuma
is the charisma of verse 6 , the human spirit as endowed by
the Holy Spirit ( Ro 8:15 ). Deilia is an old word (deilos,
deid(935c)) and always in a bad sense of cowardice, only here in N.T.
{Of power} (duname(9373)). One of Paul's characteristic words ( Ro
1:16 ). {Of love} (agap(8873)). One of the gifts of the Spirit ( Ga
5:22 ). "Which drives out fear" (Lock) as in 1Jo 4:18 . {Of
discipline} (s(9370)hronismou). Late _Koin(825f) word (from
s(9370)hroniz(935c), to control), self-control, here only in N.T. See
1Ti 2:9 for s(9370)hrosun(885c).
經文：提摩太後書 1:8-1:8 註釋:
{Be not ashamed of} (m(8820)epaischunth(8869)s). First aorist
(ingressive) passive subjunctive (in prohibition) of
epaischunomai, old word, to be ashamed. Again in verse 16
without augment (epaischunth(886e)), transitive use of the passive
voice as often in the _Koin(825f) (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 818). See
Ro 1:16 6:21 . "Do not become ashamed" (as he had not). {The
testimony of our Lord} ( o marturion tou kuriou). For the old
word marturion see 1Co 1:6 2:1 . Paul probably has in mind
the saying of Jesus preserved in Mr 8:38 ( Lu 9:26 ). See also
2:12 . {His prisoner} ( on desmion autou). As in Php 1:12 Phm 1:1,9 Eph 3:1 4:1 (the first Roman captivity). Paul is in
his last captivity and refers to it again in verse 16 2:9 .
{Suffer hardship with} (sunkakopath(8873)on). First aorist active
imperative of the double compound sunkakopathe(935c), first known
use and in N.T. only here and 2:3 (in eccles. writers). But
kakopathe(935c), to suffer evil, is old verb ( 2:9 4:5 ). Paul is
fond of compounds of sun. Paul challenges Timothy by this verb
which he apparently coins for the purpose to a joint (sun)
suffering with the Lord Jesus and Paul "for the gospel" ( (9369)
euaggeli(9369), dative case rather than associative instrumental
"with"). {According to the power of God} (kata dunamin theou).
Given by God ( 2Co 6:7 ).
經文：提摩太後書 1:9-1:9 註釋:
{Called us with a holy calling} (kalesantos kl(8873)ei hagi(8369)).
Probably dative, "to a holy calling." Kl(8873)is here apparently
not the invitation, but the consecrated service, "the upward
calling" ( Php 3:14 ). See 1Co 7:20 Eph 4:1,4 for the use of
kale(935c) with kl(8873)is. Paul often uses kale(935c) of God's calling
men ( 1Th 2:12 1Co 1:9 Ga 1:6 Ro 8:20 9:11 ). {Purpose}
(prothesin). See Ro 9:11 Eph 1:11 for prothesin. {Which
was given} ( (886e) dotheisan). First aorist passive articular
participle agreeing with charis (grace), a thoroughly Pauline
expression ( 1Co 3:10 Ro 12:3,6 , etc.), only here in Pastoral
Epistles. {Before times eternal} (pro chron(936e) ai(936e)i(936e)). See
Tit 1:2 .
經文：提摩太後書 1:10-1:10 註釋:
1Co
4:5 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Co
4' or engs='1Co
4'
經文：提摩太後書 1:11-1:11 註釋:
{For which} (eis ho). For the gospel. See 1Ti 2:7 for
this verse.
經文：提摩太後書 1:12-1:12 註釋:
2Co
1:14 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Co
1' or engs='2Co
1'
經文：提摩太後書 1:13-1:13 註釋:
{The pattern of sound words} (hupotup(9373)in hugiainont(936e)
log(936e)). See 1Ti 1:16 for hupotup(9373)in and 1Ti 1:10 for
hugiain(935c). {Which} (h(936e)). Genitive plural with (886b)ousas
(didst hear) or attracted to case of log(936e) (akou(935c) is used
either with the accusative or the genitive).
經文：提摩太後書 1:14-1:14 註釋:
{That good thing which was committed unto thee} ( (886e) kal(886e)
parath(886b)(886e)). Simply, "the good deposit." {Guard} (phulaxon).
As in 1Ti 6:20 . God has also made an investment in Timothy (cf.
verse 12 ). Timothy must not let that fail. {Which dwelleth in
us} ( ou enoikountos en h(886d)in). It is only through the Holy
Spirit that Timothy or any of us can guard God's deposit with us.
經文：提摩太後書 1:15-1:15 註釋:
{Are turned away from me} (apestraph(8873)an me). Second
aorist passive (still transitive here with me) of apostreph(935c),
for which verb see Tit 1:14 . For the accusative with these
passive deponents see Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 484. It is not
known to what incident Paul refers, whether the refusal of the
Christians in the Roman province of Asia to help Paul on his
arrest (or in response to an appeal from Rome) or whether the
Asian Christians in Rome deserted Paul in the first stage of the
trial ( 4:16 ). Two of these Asian deserters are mentioned by
name, perhaps for reasons known to Timothy. Nothing else is known
of Phygelus and Hermogenes except this shameful item.
經文：提摩太後書 1:16-1:16 註釋:
{Grant mercy} (d(9369)(8820)eleos). The phrase nowhere else in the
N.T. Second aorist active optative of did(936d)i, the usual form
being doi(885c). This is the usual construction in a wish about the
future. {Unto the house of Onesiphorus} ( (9369) On(8873)iphorou
oik(9369)). The same phrase in 4:19 . Apparently Onesiphorus is now
dead as is implied by the wish in 1:18 . {For he oft refreshed
me} (hoti pollakis me anepsuxen). First aorist active
indicative of anapsuch(935c), old verb, to cool again, in LXX and
_Koin(825f) often, here only in N.T., but anapsuxis in Ac 3:20 .
In the first imprisonment or the second. If he lost his life for
coming to see Paul, it was probably recently during this
imprisonment. {Was not ashamed of my chain} (halusin mou ouk
epaischunth(885c)). Passive deponent again (first aorist indicative)
with accusative as in 1:8 . For halusin (chain) see Eph
6:20 . Note absence of augment in epaischunth(885c).
經文：提摩太後書 1:17-1:17 註釋:
{When he was in Rome} (genomenos en Rom(8869)). Second aorist
middle participle of ginomai (coming to Rome, happening in
Rome). {He sought me diligently and found me} (spoudai(9373)
ez(8874)(8873)en me kai heuren). Effective aorists both of them (first
of z(8874)e(935c), second of heurisk(935c)). He did it at the risk of his
own life apparently.
經文：提摩太後書 1:18-1:18 註釋:
{Grant to him to and mercy} (d(9369)(8820)aut(9369) heurein eleos).
Second aorist active optative in wish for the future again as in
verse 16 . Find mercy from the Lord (Jesus) as he found me.
{Thou knowest very well} (eltion su gin(9373)keis). Literally,
"thou knowest better (than I)," for he did those things in
Ephesus where thou art. Only N.T. example of eltion, in D text
of Ac 10:28 .
經文：提摩太後書 2:1-2:1 註釋:
{Be strengthened} (endunamou). Present passive imperative
of endunamo(935c). See already 1Ti 1:12 Ro 4:20 Php 4:13 Eph
6:10 . "Keep on being empowered," "keep in touch with the power."
{In the grace that is in Christ Jesus} (en t(8869) chariti t(8869) en
Christ(9369) I(8873)ou). Where the power is located. Christ is the
dynamo for power only when and while we keep in touch with him.
經文：提摩太後書 2:2-2:2 註釋:
{From me} (par' emou). As in 1:13 . Paul was Timothy's
chief teacher of Christ. {Among many witnesses} (dia poll(936e)
martur(936e)). Plutarch has dia in this sense and Field (_Ot.
Norv._) suggests that it is a legal phrase "supported by many
witnesses." Not mere spectators, but testifiers. See Paul's use
of dia 1Th 4:2 2Co 2:4 Ro 2:27 14:20 . Paul in 1Co 15:1-8
gives many witnesses of the resurrection of Christ. {Commit thou}
(parathou). Second aorist middle imperative of paratith(886d)i
( 1Ti 1:18 ) to deposit, same metaphor as parath(886b)(885c) in
1:12,14 . "Deposit thou." {Faithful} (pistois). "Trustworthy,"
"reliable," as in 1Ti 1:12 of Paul himself. {Able} (hikanoi).
Capable, qualified, as in 1Co 15:9 2Co 2:16 3:5 . {Others
also} (kai heterous). Not necessarily "different," but "others
in addition." This is the way to pass on the torch of the light
of the knowledge of God in Christ. Paul taught Timothy who will
teach others who will teach still others, an endless chain of
teacher-training and gospel propaganda.
經文：提摩太後書 2:3-2:3 註釋:
{Suffer hardship with me} (sunkakopath(8873)on). See 1:8 for
this verb. The old preacher challenges the young one to share
hardship with him for Christ. {As a good soldier} (hos kalos
strati(9374)(8873)). Paul does not hesitate to use this military
metaphor (this word only here for a servant of Christ) with which
he is so familiar. He had already used the metaphor in 1Co 9:7 2Co 10:3f. 1Ti 1:18 . In Php 2:25 he called Epaphroditus "my
fellow-soldier" (sunstrati(9374)(886e) mou) as he did Archippus in Phm
1:2 .
經文：提摩太後書 2:4-2:4 註釋:
2Co
10:3 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Co
10' or engs='2Co
10'
經文：提摩太後書 2:5-2:5 註釋:
{If also a man contend in the games} (ean de kai athl(8869)
tis). Condition of third class with present (linear) active
subjunctive of athle(935c), old and common verb (from athlos, a
contest), only this verse in N.T., but sunathle(935c) in Php 1:27 .
Note sharp distinction between athl(8869) (present subjunctive,
engage in a contest in general) and athl(8873)(8869) (first aorist
active subjunctive, engage in a particular contest). Not "except
he have contended," but simply "unless he contend" (in any given
case) "lawfully" (
omim(9373)). Old adverb, agreeably to the law,
in N.T. only here and 1Ti 1:8 . {Is not crowned} (ou
stephanoutai). Present passive indicative of stephano(935c), old
verb (from stephanos, crown), in N.T. only here and Heb
2:7,9 . One apodosis for two protases. The victor in the athletic
contests was crowned with a garland.
經文：提摩太後書 2:6-2:6 註釋:
{The husbandman that laboureth} ( on kopi(936e)ta ge(9372)gon).
"The toiling tiller of the soil" (ge(9372)gon, from g(885c) and
erg(935c), worker of the earth). See ge(9372)gion (field) in 1Co 3:9
and also 1Co 9:7 . {First} (pr(9374)on). As is natural and right.
{To partake} (metalambanein). Old word as in Ac 2:46 to share
in. Paul elsewhere uses metech(935c) as in 1Co 9:12 .
經文：提摩太後書 2:7-2:7 註釋:
{Consider} (
oei). Present active imperative of
oe(935c), old
verb, to put your mind (
ous) on. See Eph 3:4 and like
command in 1Co 10:15 . {Understanding} (sunesin).
"Comprehension" (from suni(886d)i, to send together, to grasp). See
Col 1:9 2:2 . This is a blessed promise that calls for
application.
經文：提摩太後書 2:8-2:8 註釋:
{Risen from the dead} (eg(8867)ermenon ek nekr(936e)). Perfect
passive participle of egeir(935c), still risen as the perfect tense
shows in 1Co 15:4,12-20 . Predicate accusative. "Remember Jesus
Christ as risen from the dead." This is the cardinal fact about
Christ that proves his claim to be the Messiah, the Son of God.
Christ is central for Paul here as in Php 2:5-11 . {Of the seed
of David} (ek spermatos Daueid). The humanity of Christ as in
Ro 1:3 Php 2:7f . {According to my gospel} (kata to euaggelion
mou). Paul's very phrase in Ro 2:16 16:25 . Not a written
gospel, but my message. See also 1Co 15:1 2Co 11:7 Ga 1:11 2:2 1Ti 1:11 .
經文：提摩太後書 2:9-2:9 註釋:
2Co
11:23 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '2Co
11' or engs='2Co
11'
經文：提摩太後書 2:10-2:10 註釋:
1Pe
5:10 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Pe
5' or engs='1Pe
5'
經文：提摩太後書 2:11-2:11 註釋:
{Faithful is the saying} (pistos ho logos). The saying
which follows here though it can refer to the preceding as in
1Ti 4:9 . See 1Ti 1:15 . It is possible that from here to the
end of 13 we have the fragment of an early hymn. There are four
conditions in these verses ( 11-13 ), all of the first class,
assumed to be true. Parallels to the ideas here expressed are
found in 2Th 1:5 1Co 4:8 2Co 7:3 Ro 6:3-8 Col 3:1-4 . Note
the compounds with sun (sunapethanomen, {we died with}, from
sunapothnesko as in 2Co 7:3 ; sunz(8873)omen, {we shall live
with}, from sunza(935c) as in 2Co 7:3 ; sumbasileusomen, {we
shall reign with}, from sumbasileu(935c) as in 1Co 4:8 ). For
hupomenomen (we endure) see 1Co 13:7 and for apistoumen (we
are faithless) see Ro 3:3 . The verb arneomai, to deny
(arn(8873)ometha, we shall deny, arn(8873)etai, he will deny,
arn(8873)asthai, deny, first aorist middle infinitive) is an old
word, common in the Gospels in the sayings of Jesus ( Mt 10:33 Lu 12:9 ), used of Peter ( Mr 14:70 ), and is common in the
Pastorals ( 1Ti 5:8 Tit 2:12 2Ti 3:5 ). Here in verse 13 it
has the notion of proving false to oneself, a thing that Christ
"cannot" (ou dunatai) do.
經文：提摩太後書 2:14-2:14 註釋:
{That they strive not about words} (m(8820)logomachein). Word
apparently coined by Paul from logomachia ( 1Ti 6:4 which
see), a back formation in that case. A mere war of words
displeases Paul. ( Tit 3:9 ). {Useful} (chr(8873)imon). Late and
rare word from chraomai, here only in N.T. {To the subverting}
(epi katastroph(8869)). Old word (from katastreph(935c), to turn down
or over), here only in N.T. (except 2Pe 2:6 in some MSS., not
in Westcott and Hort)." Because of the overthrow" (result epi,
not aim), useless for this reason. Such war of words merely
upsets the hearers.
經文：提摩太後書 2:15-2:15 註釋:
1Co
11:19 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Co
11' or engs='1Co
11'
經文：提摩太後書 2:16-2:16 註釋:
{Shun} (periistaso). See Tit 3:9 . {Babblings}
(kenoph(936e)ias). See 1Ti 6:20 . {Will proceed} (prokopsousin).
Future active of prokopt(935c), "will cut forward." See Ga 1:14 Ro
13:12 . {Further in ungodliness} (epi pleion asebeias). "To
more of ungodliness." See Ro 1:18 1Ti 2:2 .
經文：提摩太後書 2:17-2:17 註釋:
{Will eat} (
om(886e) hexei). "Will have (future active of
ech(935c)) pasturage or increase" (
om(885c), old word from
em(935c), to
pasture, in N.T. only here and Joh 10:9 ). {As doth gangrene}
(h(9373) gaggraina). Late word (medical writers and Plutarch), only
here in N.T. From gra(935c) or grain(935c), to gnaw, to eat, an eating,
spreading disease. Hymenaeus is probably the one mentioned in
1Ti 1:20 . Nothing is known of Philetus.
經文：提摩太後書 2:18-2:18 註釋:
{Men who} (hoitines). "The very ones who." {Have erred}
((8873)toch(8873)an). "Missed the mark." First aorist active indicative
of astoche(935c), for which see 1Ti 1:6 6:21 . {That the
resurrection is past already} (anastasin (8864)(8820)gegonenai). Second
perfect active infinitive of ginomai in indirect assertion
after legontes (saying) with the accusative of general
reference (anastasin). {Overthrow} (anatrepousin). See Tit
1:11 .
經文：提摩太後書 2:19-2:19 註釋:
{Howbeit} (mentoi). Strong adversative, "however." {Firm}
(stereos). Old adjective, solid, compact, in N.T. only here,
1Pe 5:9 Heb 5:12,14 . See stere(936d)a in Col 2:5 . For
hemelios see 1Co 3:11 Rom 15:20 1Ti 6:19 . Cf. hedrai(936d)a
in 1Ti 3:15 . {Seal} (sphragis). See 1Co 9:2 Ro 4:11 .
{Knoweth} (egn(935c)). Timeless aorist active indicative of
gin(9373)k(935c). Quotation from Nu 16:5 . {Let every one depart}
(apost(8874)(9320)p(8373)). Paraphrase of Nu 16:27 Isa 26:13 52:11 Jer
20:9 . Second aorist active imperative of aphist(886d)i
(intransitive use), "Let every one stand off from." Probably
another echo of the rebellion of Korah.
經文：提摩太後書 2:20-2:20 註釋:
{In a great house} (en megal(8869) oiki(8369)). Metaphor of a
palace. He doubtless has the Kingdom of God in mind, but he works
out the metaphor of a great house of the rich and mighty.
{Vessels} (skeu(885c)). Old word skeuos. See Ro 9:21 for the
same double use as here. {Of gold} (chrus(835c)). Old contracted
adjective chruseos, only here by Paul. {Of silver} (argur(835c)).
Old contracted adjective argureos, in N.T. here, Ac 19:24 Re
9:20 . {Of wood} (xulina). Old adjective, in N.T. only here and
Re 9:20 . {Of earth} (ostrakina). Late adjective, from
ostrakon, baked clay, in LXX, in N.T. only here and 2Co 4:7 .
經文：提摩太後書 2:21-2:21 註釋:
{If a man purge himself} (ean tis ekkathar(8869)). Paul drops
the metaphor of the house and takes up the individual as one of
the "vessels." Condition of third class with first aorist active
subjunctive of ekkathair(935c), old verb, to cleanse out, in LXX, in
N.T. only here and 1Co 5:7 . {From these} (apo tout(936e)). From
the vessels for dishonour of verse 20 . {Sanctified}
(h(8867)iasmenon). Perfect passive participle of hagiaz(935c), for
which verb see 1Co 6:11 . {Meet for the master's use}
(euchr(8873)ton t(9369) despot(9369)). Dative case despot(8869) (for which
word see 1Ti 6:1 ) with euchr(8873)ton, neuter singular like
h(8867)iasmenon agreeing with skeuos. Old verbal adjective (eu
and chraomai, to use well), useful or usable for the master. In
N.T. only here and 4:11 . See achr(8873)ton in Phm 11 .
{Prepared} (h(8874)oimasmenon). Perfect passive participle of
hetoimaz(935c), in a state of readiness, old and common word,
elsewhere by Paul only 1Co 2:9 (LXX).
經文：提摩太後書 2:22-2:22 註釋:
{Youthful} (
e(9374)erikas). Literary _Koin(825f) word (Polybius,
Josephus), only here in N.T. There are lusts peculiar to flaming
youth. {Flee} (pheuge). Present active imperative of pheug(935c),
old and common verb. In this sense see 1Co 6:18 . {Follow after}
(di(936b)e). Present active imperative of di(936b)(935c) as if in a chase
for which sense see 1Th 5:15 . Steady pursuit of these virtues
like those in Ga 5:22 . {Call on the Lord} (epikaloumenon ton
kurion). See 1Co 1:2 Ro 10:12-14 .
經文：提摩太後書 2:23-2:23 註釋:
{Ignorant} (apaideutous). Old verbal, here only in N.T.
(a privative and paideu(935c)). Untrained, uneducated,
"speculations of a half-educated mind" (Parry). {Refuse}
(paraitou). See 1Ti 4:7 . {They gender strifes} (genn(9373)in
machas). Present active indicative of old and common verb
genna(935c) ( Ro 9:11 ). "They beget battles." See 2:14 .
經文：提摩太後書 2:24-2:24 註釋:
{Must not strive} (ou dei machesthai). Rather, "it is not
necessary for him to fight" (in such verbal quibbles). The
negative ou goes with dei, not with the infinitive
machesthai. {Gentle} ((8870)ion). Old word (from epos, speech),
affable, mild, in N.T. only here (and 1Th 2:7 in some MSS.; W.
H. have
(8870)ios). {Teachable} (didaktikon). See 1Ti 3:2 .
{Forbearing} (anexikakon). Late compound (from future of
anech(935c), anex(935c), and kakon, putting up with evil). Here only
in N.T.
經文：提摩太後書 2:25-2:25 註釋:
Co 1:9 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = 'Co' or engs='Co'
經文：提摩太後書 2:26-2:26 註釋:
{They may recover themselves} (anan(8870)s(9373)in). First aorist
active subjunctive of anan(8870)h(935c), late and rare word, to be sober
again, only here in N.T., though
(8870)h(935c) is in 1Th 5:6 . {Out of
the snare of the devil} (ek t(8873) tou diabolou pagidos). They
have been caught while mentally intoxicated in the devil's snare
( 1Ti 3:7 ). See Ro 11:9 for pagis. {Taken captive}
(ez(9367)r(886d)enoi). Perfect passive participle of z(9367)re(935c), old
verb, to take alive (z(936f)s, agre(935c)), in N.T. only here and Lu
5:10 (of Peter). "Taken captive alive." {By him unto his will}
(hup' autou eis to ekeinou thel(886d)a). This difficult phrase is
understood variously. One way is to take both autou and
ekeinou, to refer to the devil. Another way is to take both of
them to refer to God. Another way is to take autou of the devil
and ekeinou, of God. This is probably best, "taken captive by
the devil" "that they may come back to soberness to do the will
of God." There are difficulties in either view.
經文：提摩太後書 3:1-3:1 註釋:
{Know this} ( outo gin(9373)ke). See 1Co 11:3 Php 1:12 . {In
the last days} (en eschatais h(886d)erais). See Jas 5:3 1Ti 4:1 .
{Grievous} (chalepoi). Hard. See Eph 5:16 . {Shall come}
(enst(8873)ontai). Future middle of enist(886d)i (intransitive use),
old verb, to stand on or be at hand, as in 2Th 2:2 .
經文：提摩太後書 3:2-3:2 註釋:
{Lovers of self} (philautoi). Old compound adjective
(philos, autos), here only in N.T. {Lovers of money}
(philarguroi). Old compound adjective, in N.T. only here and
Lu 16:14 . See 1Ti 6:10 . {Boastful} (alazones). Old word for
empty pretender, in N.T. only here and Ro 1:30 . {Haughty}
(huper(8870)hanoi). See also Ro 1:30 for this old word. {Railers}
(lasph(886d)oi). See 1Ti 1:13 . {Disobedient to parents}
(goneusin apeitheis). See Ro 1:30 . {Unthankful}
(acharistoi). Old word, in N.T. only here and Lu 6:35 .
{Unholy} (anosioi). See 1Ti 1:9 . {Without natural affection}
(astorgoi). See Ro 1:31 .
經文：提摩太後書 3:3-3:3 註釋:
{Implacable} (aspondoi). Truce-breakers. Old word, only
here in N.T. though in MSS. in Ro 1:31 (from a privative and
spond(885c), a libation).
{Slanderers} (diaboloi). See 1Ti 3:11 Tit 2:3 . {Without
self-control} (akrateis). Old word (a privative and
kratos), here only in N.T. {Fierce} (an(886d)eroi). Old word (a
privative and h(886d)eros, tame), only here in N.T. {No lovers of
good} (aphilagathoi). Found only here (a privative and
philagathos, for which see Tit 1:8 ). See also Php 4:8 . A
papyrus describes Antoninus as philagathos and has
aphilokagathia.
經文：提摩太後書 3:4-3:4 註釋:
{Traitors} (prodotai). Old word (from prodid(936d)i), in N.T.
only here, Lu 6:16 Ac 7:52 . {Headstrong} (propeteis). Old
word (from pro and pipt(935c)), falling forward, in N.T. only here
and Ac 19:36 . {Puffed up} ( etuph(936d)enoi). Perfect passive
participle of upho(935c). See 1Ti 3:6 . {Lovers of pleasure}
(phil(8864)onoi). Literary _Koin(825f) word (philos, h(8864)on(885c)), only
here in N.T. {Lovers of God} (philotheoi). Old word (philos,
theos), only here in N.T.
經文：提摩太後書 3:5-3:5 註釋:
1Co
4:20 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Co
4' or engs='1Co
4'
經文：提摩太後書 3:6-3:6 註釋:
{That creep} (hoi endunontes). Old and common verb (also
endu(935c)) either to put on ( 1Th 5:8 ) or to enter (to slip in by
insinuation, as here). See same idea in Jude 1:4
(pareisedu(8873)an), 2Pe 2:1 (pareisaxousin), Ga 2:4
(pareis(886c)thon and pareisaktous). These stealthy "creepers"
are pictured also in Tit 1:11 . {Take captive}
(aichmal(9374)izontes). "Taking captive." Present active participle
of aichmal(9374)iz(935c), for which see 2Co 10:5 Ro 7:23 . {Silly
women} (gunaikaria). Literally, "little women" (diminutive of
gun(885c)), found in Diocles (comedian of 5 century B.C.) and in
Epictetus. The word here is neuter (grammatical gender) plural.
Used contemptuously here (only N.T. example). Ramsay suggests
"society ladies." It is amazing how gullible some women are with
religious charlatans who pose as exponents of "new thought."
{Laden with sins} (ses(9372)eumena hamartiais). Perfect passive
participle of s(9372)eu(935c), old word from Aristotle down (from
s(9372)os, a heap) to heap up. In N.T. only here and Ro 12:20 .
Associative instrumental case hamartiais. {Divers}
(poikilais). Many coloured. See Tit 3:3 . One has only to
recall Schweinfurth, the false Messiah of forty odd years ago
with his "heavenly harem" in Illinois and the recent infamous
"House of David" in Michigan to understand how these Gnostic
cults led women into licentiousness under the guise of religion
or of liberty. The priestesses of Aphrodite and of Isis were
illustrations ready to hand. Agomena (present passive
participle) means "continually led astray or from time to time."
經文：提摩太後書 3:7-3:7 註釋:
{Never able to come to the knowledge of the truth} (m(8864)epote
eis epign(9373)in al(8874)heias elthein dunamena). Pathetic picture of
these hypnotized women without intellectual power to cut through
the fog of words and, though always learning scraps of things,
they never come into the full knowledge (epign(9373)in) of the
truth in Christ. And yet they even pride themselves on belonging
to the intelligentsia!
經文：提摩太後書 3:8-3:8 註釋:
1Ti
6:5 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Ti
6' or engs='1Ti
6'
經文：提摩太後書 3:9-3:9 註釋:
{They shall proceed no further} (ou prokopsousin epi
pleion). Future active of prokopt(935c). See 2:16 . {Folly}
(anoia). Old word (from anoos, a privative and
ous), want
of sense, here only in N.T. {Evident} (ekd(886c)os). Old word (ek,
d(886c)os, outstanding), here only in N.T. {Theirs} (ekein(936e)). Of
Jannes and Jambres ( Ex 7:12 ).
經文：提摩太後書 3:10-3:10 註釋:
{Didst follow} (par(886b)olouth(8873)as). First aorist active
indicative of parakolouthe(935c), for which see 1Ti 4:6 . Some MSS.
have perfect active par(886b)olouth(886b)as (thou hast followed). Nine
associative-instrumental cases here after the verb ({teaching},
didaskali(8369), Ro 12:7 ; {conduct}, ag(9367)(8869), old word here only
in N.T.; {purpose}, prothesei, Ro 8:28 ; {faith}, pistei,
1Th 3:6 ; {longsuffering}, makrothumi(8369), Col 1:11 ;
{persecutions}, di(9367)mois, 2Th 1:4 ; {sufferings},
path(886d)asin, 2Co 1:6f. ). The two last items belong to verse
11 .
經文：提摩太後書 3:11-3:11 註釋:
{What things befell me} (hoia moi egeneto). Qualitative
relative (hoia) referring to actual experiences of Paul
(egeneto, second aorist middle indicative of ginomai) more
fully described in 2Co 11:30-33 . The Acts of the Apostles tell
of his experiences in Antioch in Pisidia ( Ac 13:14,45,50 ), in
Iconium ( Ac 14:1-5 ), in Lystra ( Ac 14:6-19 ). See also Ga
2:11 . {What persecutions I endured} (hoious di(9367)mous
hup(886e)egka). Qualitative relative again with di(9367)mous. The verb
is first aorist active indicative of hupopher(935c), old verb, to
bear under as in 1Co 10:13 . {Delivered me} (me erusato).
First aorist middle of
uomai, old verb, with ek here as in
1Th 1:10 . Used again of the Lord Jesus in 4:18 .
經文：提摩太後書 3:12-3:12 註釋:
{That would live godly} (hoi thelontes z(8869)n euseb(9373)).
"Those who desire (will, determine) to live godly." Paul does not
regard his experience as peculiar, but only part of the price of
loyal service to Christ. {Shall suffer persecution}
(di(9363)hth(8873)ontai). Future passive of di(936b)(935c), "shall be
persecuted" (shall be hunted as wild beasts).
經文：提摩太後書 3:13-3:13 註釋:
{Impostors} (go(8874)es). Old word from wailers (goa(935c), to
bewail), professional mourners, deceivers, jugglers. Here only in
the N.T. Modern impostors know all the tricks of the trade.
{Shall wax worse and worse} (prokopsousin epi to cheiron).
"Shall cut forward to the worse stage." See 2:16 for
prokopt(935c). Cheiron is comparative of kakos, "to the worse
than now." {Deceiving and being deceived} (plan(936e)tes kai
plan(936d)enoi). Present active and present passive participles of
plana(935c). The tragedy of it all is that these seducers are able
to deceive others as well as themselves.
經文：提摩太後書 3:14-3:14 註釋:
{But abide thou} (su de mene). Emphatic contrast (su
de), "But thou." Present active imperative of men(935c), common
verb, to remain. {In the things which} (en hois). The
antecedent to hois is not expressed ("in which things") and the
relative is attracted from ha accusative with emathes (didst
learn, second aorist active indicative of manthan(935c)) to the case
of the unexpressed antecedent (locative with en). {Hast been
assured of} (epist(9374)h(8873)). First aorist passive indicative of
pisto(935c), old verb (from pistos, faithful), to make reliable,
only here in N.T. {Knowing from whom} (eid(9373) para tin(936e)).
Second perfect active participle of oida. Note in(936e)
(ablative case after para in an indirect question). The list
included the O.T. prophets, Paul, Eunice, Lois. There ought to be
moral authority in such personages.
經文：提摩太後書 3:15-3:15 註釋:
{From a babe} (apo brephous). Only here in the Pastorals.
This teaching from the fifth year, covering the whole of
Timothy's recollections. See Mr 9:21 ek paidiothen, from a
child. {Thou has known} (oidas). Present active indicative,
progressive perfect reaching from a babe till now. Would that
Christian parents took like pains today. {The sacred writings}
(hiera grammata). "Sacred writings" or "Holy Scriptures." Here
alone in N.T., though in Josephus (Proem to _Ant_. 3; _Apion_ 1,
etc.) and in Philo. The adjective hieros occurs in 1Co 9:13
of the temple worship, and gramma in contrast to pneuma in
2Co 3:6f. Ro 2:29 and in Joh 5:47 of Moses' writings, in Ac
28:21 of an epistle, in Ga 6:11 of letters (characters). In
Ephesus there were Ephesia grammata that were eb(886c)a ( Ac
19:19 ), not hiera. {To make thee wise} (se sophisai). First
aorist active infinitive of sophiz(935c), old verb (from sophos),
in N.T. only here, and 2Pe 1:16 . {Which is in} ( (8873) en).
Common idiom with the article, "the in." The use of the
Scriptures was not magic, but of value when used "through faith
that is in Christ Jesus."
經文：提摩太後書 3:16-3:16 註釋:
{Every scripture inspired of God is also profitable} (p(8373)a
graph(8820)theopneustos kai (9370)helimos). There are two matters of
doubt in this clause. One is the absence of the article h(885c)
before graph(885c), whether that makes it mean "every scripture" or
"all scripture" as of necessity if present. Unfortunately, there
are examples both ways with both p(8373) and graph(885c). Twice we
find graph(885c) in the singular without the article and yet
definite ( 1Pe 2:6 2Pe 1:20 ). We have p(8373) Isra(886c) ( Ro 11:26 )
for all Israel (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 772). So far as the
grammatical usage goes, one can render here either "all
scripture" or "every scripture." There is no copula (estin) in
the Greek and so one has to insert it either before the kai or
after it. If before, as is more natural, then the meaning is:
"All scripture (or every scripture) is inspired of God and
profitable." In this form there is a definite assertion of
inspiration. That can be true also of the second way, making
"inspired of God" descriptive of "every scripture," and putting
estin (is) after kai: "All scripture (or every scripture),
inspired of God, is also profitable." {Inspired of God}
( heopneustos). "God-breathed." Late word (Plutarch) here only
in N.T. Perhaps in contrast to the commandments of men in Tit
1:14 . {Profitable} ((9370)helimos). See 1Ti 4:8 . See Ro 15:4 .
Four examples of pros (facing, with a view to, for):
didaskalian, teaching; elegmon, reproof, in LXX and here only
in N.T.; epanorth(9373)in, correction, old word, from epanortho(935c),
to set up straight in addition, here only in N.T., with which
compare epidiortho(935c) in Tit 1:5 ; paideian, instruction, with
which compare Eph 6:4 .
經文：提摩太後書 3:17-3:17 註釋:
{The man of God} (ho tou theou anthr(9370)os). See 1Ti 6:11 .
{May be complete} (hina (8869) artios). Final clause with hina
and present subjunctive of eimi. Artios is old word (from
root ar(935c), to fit), specially adapted, here only in N.T.
{Furnished completely} (ex(8872)tismenos). Perfect passive
participle of exartiz(935c), rare verb, to furnish (fit) fully
(perfective use of ex), in N.T. only here and Ac 21:5 . In
Josephus. For katartiz(935c), see Lu 6:40 2Co 13:11 .
經文：提摩太後書 4:1-4:1 註釋:
1Th
4:16f 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Th
4' or engs='1Th
4'
經文：提摩太後書 4:2-4:2 註釋:
1Th
1:6 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Th
1' or engs='1Th
1'
經文：提摩太後書 4:3-4:3 註釋:
{A time when} (kairos hote). One of the akair(9373) (out of
season) times. {Will not endure} (ouk anexontai). Future middle
(direct) of anech(935c). "Will not hold themselves back from" (Col.
3:13 ). Having itching ears (kn(8874)homenoi t(886e) ako(886e)). Present
middle (causative) participle of kn(8874)h(935c), late and rare form of
the Attic kna(935c), to scratch, to tickle, here only in N.T.
"Getting the ears (the hearing, (886e) ako(886e)) tickled." The
Vulgate has prurientes. Cf. the Athenians ( Ac 17:21 ). Clement
of Alexandria tells of speakers tickling (kn(8874)hontes) the ears
of those who want to be tickled. This is the temptation of the
merely "popular" preacher, to furnish the latest tickle.
經文：提摩太後書 4:4-4:4 註釋:
{Will turn away their ears} ( (886e) ako(886e) apostrepsousin).
Future active of old verb apostreph(935c). See 1Co 12:17 for this
use of ako(885c). The people stopped their ears and rushed at
Stephen in Ac 7:57 . {Will turn aside} (ektrap(8873)ontai). Second
future passive of ektrep(935c). They prefer "myths" to "the truth"
as some today turn away to "humanism," "bolshevism," "new
thought" or any other fad that will give a new momentary thrill
to their itching ears and morbid minds.
經文：提摩太後書 4:5-4:5 註釋:
1Co
1:17 一共查出 0 筆，引用資料有問題！select chineses,engs from main where sengs = '1Co
1' or engs='1Co
1'
經文：提摩太後書 4:6-4:6 註釋:
{I am already being offered} ((8864)(8820)spendomai). Present
(progressive) passive indicative of spend(935c), old verb, to pour
out a libation or drink offering. In N.T. only here and Php
2:17 . "What was then a possibility is now a certainty" (Parry).
The sacrifice of Paul's life-blood has begun. {Of my departure}
( (8873) analuse(9373) mou). Our very word "analysis." Old word from
analu(935c), to loosen up or back, to unloose. Only here in N.T.,
though analusai for death is used by Paul in Php 1:23 which
see for the metaphor. {Is come} (ephest(886b)en). Perfect active
indicative of ephist(886d)i (intransitive use). See 1Th 5:3 Lu
21:34 . The hour has struck. The time has come.
經文：提摩太後書 4:7-4:7 註釋:
{I have fought the good fight} ( on kalon ag(936e)a (8867)(936e)ismai).
Perfect middle indicative of ag(936e)izomai, a favourite figure
with Paul ( 1Co 9:25 Col 1:29 ), with the cognate accusative
ag(936e)a ( Php 1:27,30 , etc.). The "fight" is the athletic
contest of his struggle for Christ. {I have finished the course}
( on dromon teteleka). Perfect active indicative of ele(935c). He
had used this metaphor also of himself to the elders at Ephesus
( Ac 20:24 ). Then the "course" was ahead of him. Now it is
behind him. {I have kept the faith} ( (886e) pistin tet(8872)(886b)a).
Perfect active indicative again of (8872)e(935c). Paul has not
deserted. He has kept faith with Christ. For this phrase, see Re
14:12 . Deissmann (_Light, etc._, p. 309) gives inscriptions in
Ephesus of a man who says: "I have kept faith" ( (886e) pistin
et(8872)(8873)a) and another of a man of whom it is said: "He fought
three fights, and twice was crowned."
經文：提摩太後書 4:8-4:8 註釋:
{Henceforth} (loipon). Accusative case, "for the rest."
{There is laid up for me} (apokeitai moi). Present passive of
apokeimai, old verb, to be laid away. See Col 1:5 for the
hope laid away. Paul's "crown of righteousness" (ho t(8873)
dikaiosun(8873) stephanos, genitive of apposition, the crown that
consists in righteousness and is also the reward for
righteousness, the victor's crown as in 1Co 9:25 which see) "is
laid away" for him. {At that day} (en ekein(8869) t(8869) h(886d)er(8369)).
That great and blessed day ( 1:12,18 ). {The righteous judge}
(ho dikaios krit(8873)). "The just judge," the umpire who makes no
mistakes who judges us all ( 2Co 5:10 ). {Shall give me}
(apod(9373)ei moi). Future active of apodid(936d)i. "Will give back"
as in Ro 2:6 and in full. {But also to all them that have loved
his appearing} (alla p(8373)in tois (8867)ap(886b)osin t(886e) epiphaneian
autou). Dative case of the perfect active participle of
agapa(935c), to love, who have loved and still love his second
coming. Epiphaneia here can as in 1:10 be interpreted of
Christ's Incarnation.
經文：提摩太後書 4:9-4:9 註釋:
{Shortly} ( ache(9373)). In verse 21 he more definitely says
"before winter." Apparently the trial might drag on through its
various stages.
經文：提摩太後書 4:10-4:10 註釋:
{Forsook me} (me egkateleipen). Imperfect (MSS. also have
aorist, egkatelipen) active of the old double compound verb
egkataleip(935c), for which see Ro 9:29 . Clearly in contrast to
verse 9 and in the sense of 1Ti 6:17 , wilful desertion. Only
mentioned elsewhere in Col 4:14 . {Crescens} (Kr(8873)k(8873)). No
other mention of him. {Titus to Dalmatia} (Titos eis
Dalmatian). Titus had been asked to rejoin Paul in Nicopolis
where he was to winter, probably the winter previous to this one
( Tit 3:12 ). He came and has been with Paul.
經文：提摩太後書 4:11-4:11 註釋:
{Only Luke is with me} (Loukas estin monos met' emou).
Luke is with Paul now in Rome as during the first Roman
imprisonment ( Phm 1:24 Col 4:14 ). {Take Mark} (Markon
analab(936e)). Second aorist active participle of analamban(935c), old
verb, to pick up, as in Eph 6:13,16 . "Pick up Mark." {He is
useful to me} (estin moi euchr(8873)tos). See 2:21 for
euchr(8873)tos. Paul had long ago changed his opinion of Mark ( Col
4:10 ) because Mark had changed his conduct and had made good in
his ministry. Now Paul longs to have the man that he once
scornfully rejected ( Ac 15:37ff. ).
經文：提摩太後書 4:12-4:12 註釋:
{Tychicus I sent to Ephesus} (Tuchikon apesteila eis
Epheson). Perhaps Paul had sent him on before he came to Rome.
He may have been still on the way to Ephesus.
經文：提摩太後書 4:13-4:13 註釋:
{The cloke} ( (886e) phelon(886e)). More common form pheilon(885c).
By metathesis for phainol(885c), Latin _paenula_, though which
language transliterated the word into the other is not known. The
meaning is also uncertain, though probably "cloke" as there are
so many papyri examples in that sense (Moulton and Milligan,
_Vocabulary_). Milligan (N.T. _Documents_, p. 20) had previously
urged "book wrap" as probable but he changed his mind and rightly
so. {With Carpus} (para Karp(9369)). "Beside Carpus," at his house.
Not mentioned elsewhere. Probably a visit to Troas after Paul's
return from Crete. {The books} ( a biblia). Probably papyrus
rolls. One can only guess what rolls the old preacher longs to
have with him, probably copies of Old Testament books, possibly
copies of his own letters, and other books used and loved. The
old preacher can be happy with his books. {Especially the
parchments} (malista tas membranas). Latin _membrana_. The
dressed skins were first made at Pergamum and so termed
"parchments." These in particular would likely be copies of Old
Testament books, parchment being more expensive than papyrus,
possibly even copies of Christ's sayings ( Lu 1:1-4 ). We recall
that in Ac 26:24 Festus referred to Paul's learning ( a
grammata). He would not waste his time in prison.
經文：提摩太後書 4:14-4:14 註釋:
{Alexander the coppersmith} (Alexandros ho chalkeus). Old
word, only here in N.T., for metal-worker (copper, iron, gold,
etc.). Possibly the one in 1:20 , but not the one in Ac
19:33f. unless he afterwards became a Christian. {Did me much
evil} (moi kaka enedeixato). Evidently he had some personal
dislike towards Paul and possibly also he was a Gnostic. {Will
render} (apod(9373)ei). Future active of the same verb used in
verse 8 , but with a very different atmosphere.
經文：提摩太後書 4:15-4:15 註釋:
{Be thou ware also} (kai su phulassou). Present middle
(direct) imperative of phulass(935c), "from whom keep thyself away."
{Withstood} (antest(885c)). Second aorist active indicative of
anthist(886d)i, "stood against my words." See 3:8 Ga 2:11 .
經文：提摩太後書 4:16-4:16 註釋:
{At my first defence} (en t(8869) pr(9374)(8869) apologi(8369)). Original
sense of "apology" as in Php 1:7,16 . Either the first stage in
this trial or the previous trial and acquittal at the end of the
first Roman imprisonment. Probably the first view is correct,
though really there is no way to decide. {No one took my part}
(oudeis moi paregeneto). "No one came by my side" (second
aorist middle indicative of paraginomai). See 1Co 16:3 . {But
all forsook me} (alla pantes me egkateleipon). Same verb and
tense used of Demas above (verse 10 ), "But all were forsaking
me" (one by one) or, if aorist egkatelipon, "all at once left
me." {May it not be laid to their account} (m(8820)autois
logisthei(885c)). First aorist passive optative in future wish with
negative m(885c). Common Pauline verb logizomai ( 1Co 13:5 Ro
4:3,5 ).
經文：提摩太後書 4:17-4:17 註釋:
{But the Lord stood by me} (ho de kurios moi parest(885c)).
Second aorist active of parist(886d)i (intransitive use), "took his
stand by my side." See Ro 16:2 . Clearly Jesus appeared to Paul
now at this crisis and climax as he had done so many times
before. {Strengthened me} (enedunam(9373)en me). "Poured power into
me." See Php 4:13 . {That through me the message might be fully
proclaimed} (hina di' emou to k(8872)ugma pl(8872)ophor(8874)h(8869)). Final
clause with hina and first aorist passive subjunctive of
pl(8872)ophore(935c) (see verse 5 ). Either to the rulers in Rome now
or, if the first imprisonment, by his release and going to Spain.
{And that all the Gentiles might hear} (kai akous(9373)in panta ta
ethn(885c)). Continuation of the purpose with the aorist active
subjunctive of akou(935c). {I was delivered out of the mouth of the
lion} (erusth(886e) ek stomatos leontos). First aorist passive
indicative of
uomai ( 1Th 1:10 ). A proverb, but not certain
what the application is whether to Nero or to Satan ( 1Th 2:18 )
or to the lion in the arena where Paul could not be sent because
a Roman citizen.
經文：提摩太後書 4:18-4:18 註釋:
{Will deliver me} (
usetai me). Future middle. Recall the
Lord's Prayer. Paul is not afraid of death. He will find his
triumph in death ( Php 1:21f. ). {Unto his heavenly kingdom}
(eis t(886e) basileian autou t(886e) epouranion). The future life of
glory as in 1Co 15:24,50 . He will save (s(9373)ei, effective
future) me there finally and free from all evil. {To whom be the
glory} (h(9369) h(8820)doxa). No verb in the Greek. Paul's final
doxology, his Swan Song, to Christ as in Ro 9:5 16:27 .
經文：提摩太後書 4:19-4:19 註釋:
{Prisca and Aquila} (Priscan kai Akulan). Paul's friends
now back in Ephesus, no longer in Rome ( Rom 16:3 ). See 1:16
for the house of Onesiphorus.
經文：提摩太後書 4:20-4:20 註釋:
{Erastus} (Erastos). See Ac 19:22 Ro 16:23 . {Trophimus}
(Trophimon). A native of Ephesus and with Paul in Jerusalem
( Ac 20:4 21:29 ). {At Miletus sick} (en Mil(8874)(9369) asthenounta).
Present active participle of asthene(935c), to be weak. Probably on
Paul's return from Crete.
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