使徒行傳 27章16節 到 27章16節     上一筆  下一筆
 {Running under the lee of} (hupodramontes). Second aorist
active participle of hupotrech(935c). Same use of hupo as in
hupepleusamen (verses  4,8 ) for "under the lee", under the
protection of. N(8873)ion is diminutive of 
(8873)os, a small island.
The MSS. vary between Cauda (B) and Clauda (Aleph). {To secure
the boat} (perikrateis genesthai t(8873) skaph(8873)). "To become
masters (perikrateis from peri and kratos, power over,
found in Susannah and ecclesiastical writers, and here only in
N.T.) of the boat ("dug out," like Indian boats, literally, from
skapt(935c), to dig, old word, here only in N.T. and verses
 30,32 ). The smooth water behind the little island enabled them
to do this. {When they had hoisted it up} (h(886e) (8372)antes). "Which
(the little boat) having hoisted up (arantes, verse  13 )."
Even so it was "with difficulty" (molis). Perhaps the little
boat was waterlogged. {Used helps} (o(8874)heiais echr(936e)to).
Imperfect middle of chraomai with instrumental case. The
"helps" were ropes or chains, no doubt. {Under-girding the ship}
(hupoz(936e)nuntes to ploion). Present active participle of
hupoz(936e)numi. Old verb, here only in N.T. Probably cables
(hupoz(936d)ata) or ropes were used under the hull of the ship
laterally or even longitudinally, tightly secured on deck. This
"frapping" was more necessary for ancient vessels because of the
heavy mast. The little island made it possible to do this also.
{Lest we be cast upon the Syrtis} (m(8820)eis t(886e) Surtin
ekpes(9373)in). Final clause after verb of fearing (phoboumenoi)
with m(885c) and the second aorist active subjunctive of ekpipt(935c),
old verb to fall out or off, to be cast away. So here and verses
 26,29 , a classical use of the verb for a ship driven out of its
course on to shoals or rocks (Page who cites Xenophon, _Anab_.
VII. 5, 12). The Syrtis was the name for two quicksands between
Carthage and Cyrenaica, this clearly being the Syrtis Major most
dangerous because of the sandbanks (surtis, from sur(935c)). The
wind would drive the ship right into this peril if something were
not done. {They lowered the gear} (chalasantes to skeuos).
First aorist active participle of chala(935c) (cf.  Lu 5:4  for
lowering the nets). Skeuos means vessel or gear. They slackened
or reduced sail, especially the mainsail, but leaving enough to
keep the ship's head as close to the wind as was practicable. {So
were driven} (hout(9373) epheronto). Imperfect passive indicative
again as in verse  15  with the addition of hout(9373) (thus). The
ship was now fixed as near to the wind (E N E) as possible (seven
points). That would enable the ship to go actually W by N and so
avoid the quicksands. J. Smith has shown that, a day being lost
around Cauda, the ship going 36 miles in 24 hours in 13 days
would make 468 miles. The Island of Malta (Melita) is precisely
in that direction (W by N) from Cauda and is 480 miles. Page sees
a difficulty about this explanation of the steady drift of the
ship in the word diapheromenon in verse  27 , but that was at
the end of the drifting and the varied winds could have come then
and not before. The whole narrative as explained carefully in
Smith's _Voyage and Shipwreck of St. Paul_ is a masterpiece of
precise and accurate scholarship. A resume of his results appears
in my _Luke the Historian in the Light of Research_.

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