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 {When Gallio was proconsul of Achaia} (Galli(936e)os de
anthupatou ontos t(8873) Achaias). Genitive absolute of present
participle ontos. Brother of Seneca the Stoic (Nero's tutor)
and uncle of Lucan the author of the Pharsalia. His original
name was M. Annaeus Novatus till he was adopted by Gallio the
rhetorician. The family was Spanish. Gallio was a man of culture
and refinement and may have been chosen proconsul of Achaia for
this reason. Statius calls him "_dulcis Gallio_." Seneca says of
him: _Nemo enim mortalium uni tam dulcis quam hic omnibus_ (No
one of mortals is so pleasant to one person as he is to all).
Luke alone among writers says that he was proconsul, but Seneca
speaks of his being in Achaia where he caught fever, a
corroboration of Luke. But now a whitish grey limestone
inscription from the Hagios Elias quarries near Delphi (a letter
of Claudius to Delphi) has been found which definitely names
Gallio as proconsul of Achaia (authupatos t(8873) Achaias). The
province of Achaia after various shifts (first senatorial, then
imperial) back and forth with Macedonia, in A.D. 44 Claudius gave
back to the Senate with proconsul as the title of the governor.
It is amazing how Luke is confirmed whenever a new discovery is
made. The discovery of this inscription has thrown light also on
the date of Paul's work in Corinth as it says that Gallio came in
the 26th acclamation of Claudius as Emperor in A.D. 51, that
would definitely fix the time of Paul in Corinth as A.D. 50 and
51 (or 51 and 52). Deissmann has a full and able discussion of
the whole matter in Appendix I to his _St. Paul_. {Rose up}
(katepest(8873)an). Second aorist active of kat-eph-ist(886d)i,
intransitive, to take a stand against, a double compound verb
found nowhere else. They took a stand (est(8873)an) against
(kata, down on, epi, upon), they made a dash or rush at Paul
as if they would stand it no longer. {Before the judgment seat}
(epi to b(886d)a). See on 氣2:21|. The proconsul was sitting in the
basilica in the forum or agora. The Jews had probably heard of
his reputation for moderation and sought to make an impression as
they had on the praetors of Philippi by their rush (sunepest(885c),
 16:22 ). The new proconsul was a good chance also ( 25:2 ). So
for the second time Paul faces a Roman proconsul (Sergius Paulus,
 13:7 ) though under very different circumstances.

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