{Upon the throne of the beast} (epi ton thronon tou
th(8872)iou). That is Rome ( 13:2 ). The dragon gave the beast his
throne ( 2:13 ). {Was darkened} (egeneto eskot(936d)en(885c)).
Periphrastic past perfect passive with ginomai and skoto(935c)
( 9:2 ). Like the darkness of the Egyptian plague ( Ex 10:22 )
and worse, for the effects of the previous plagues continue.
{They gnawed their tongues} (emas(936e)to tas gl(9373)sas aut(936e)).
Imperfect middle of masaomai, old verb (to chew), from ma(935c)
(to knead), only here in N.T. {For pain} (ek tou ponou). "Out
of distress" (cf. ek in  8:13 ), rare sense of old word (from
penomai to work for one's living), in N.T. only here,  21:4  Col 4:13 . See  Mt 8:12 .