马可福音 4章11节 到 4章11节     上一笔  下一笔
 {Unto you is given the mystery of the kingdom of God}
(Humin to must(8872)ion dedotai t(8873) basileias tou theou). See on
烘t 13:11| for word must(8872)ion. Here ( Mr 4:11  Mt 13:11  Lu
8:10 ) alone in the Gospels, but in Paul 21 times and in the
Revelation 4 times. It is frequent in Daniel and O.T. Apocrypha.
Matthew and Luke use it here in the plural. Matthew and Luke add
the word {to know} (gn(936e)ai), but Mark's presentation covers a
wider range than growing knowledge, the permanent possession of
the mystery even before they understand it. The secret is no
longer hidden from the initiated. Discipleship means initiation
into the secret of God's kingdom and it will come gradually to
these men. {But unto them that are without} (ekeinois de tois
ex(935c)). Peculiar to Mark, those outside our circle, the
uninitiated, the hostile group like the scribes and Pharisees,
who were charging Jesus with being in league with Beelzebub.  Lu
8:10  has "to the rest" (	ois loipois),  Mt 13:11  simply "to
them" (ekeinois). Without the key the parables are hard to
understand, for parables veil the truth of the kingdom being
stated in terms of another realm. Without a spiritual truth and
insight they are unintelligible and are often today perverted.
The parables are thus a condemnation on the wilfully blind and
hostile, while a guide and blessing to the enlightened. {That}
(hina). Mark has the construction of the Hebrew "lest" of  Isa
6:9f . with the subjunctive and so  Lu 8:10 , while  Mt 13:13 
uses causal hoti with the indicative following the LXX. See on
烘t 13:13| for the so-called causal use of hina. Gould on  Mr
4:12  has an intelligent discussion of the differences between
Matthew and Mark and Luke. He argues that Mark here probably
"preserves the original form of Jesus' saying." God ironically
commands Isaiah to harden the hearts of the people. If the notion
of purpose is preserved in the use of hina in Mark and Luke,
there is probably some irony also in the sad words of Jesus. If
hina is given the causative use of hoti in Matthew, the
difficulty disappears. What is certain is that the use of
parables on this occasion was a penalty for judicial blindness on
those who will not see.

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