{From God the Father and the Lord Jesus Christ} (apo theou
patros kai Kuriou I(8873)ou Christou). These words are not genuine
in  1Th 1:1 , but are here and they appear in all the other
Pauline Epistles. Note absence of article both after en and
apo, though both God and Lord Jesus Christ are definite. In
both cases Jesus Christ is put on a par with God, though not
identical. See on 气Th 1:1| for discussion of words, but note
difference between en, in the sphere of, by the power of, and
apo, from, as the fountain head and source of grace and peace.