{According to} (kata). Probably to be connected with
eklektois rather than with apostolos in spite of a rather
loose arrangement of words and the absence of articles in verses
1,2 . {The foreknowledge} (progn(9373)in). Late substantive
(Plutarch, Lucian, papyri) from progin(9373)k(935c) ( 1:20 ), to know
beforehand, only twice in N.T. (here and Ac 2:23 in Peter's
sermon). In this Epistle Peter often uses substantives rather
than verbs (cf. Ro 8:29 ). {Of God the Father} ( heou patros).
Anarthous again and genitive case. See pat(8872) applied to God
also in 1:3,17 as often by Paul ( Ro 1:7 , etc.). Peter here
presents the Trinity (God the Father, the Spirit, Jesus Christ).
{In sanctification of the Spirit} (en hagiasm(9369) pneumatos).
Clearly the Holy Spirit, though anarthrous like heou patros.
Late word from hagiaz(935c), to render holy (hagios), to
consecrate, as in 1Th 4:7 . The subjective genitive here,
sanctification wrought by the Spirit as in 2Th 2:13 (where the
Trinity mentioned as here). {Unto obedience} (eis hupako(886e)).
Obedience (from hupakou(935c), to hear under, to hearken) to the
Lord Jesus as in 1:22 "to the truth," result of "the
sanctification." {And sprinkling of the blood of Jesus Christ}
(
antismon haimatos I(8873)ou Christou). Late substantive from
antiz(935c), to sprinkle ( Heb 9:13 ), a word used in the LXX of
the sacrifices ( Nu 19:9,13,20 , etc.), but not in any
non-biblical source so far as known, in N.T. only here and Heb
12:24 (of the sprinkling of blood). Reference to the death of
Christ on the Cross and to the ratification of the New Covenant
by the blood of Christ as given in Heb 9:19f. 12:24 with
allusion to Ex 24:3-8 . Paul does not mention this ritual use of
the blood of Christ, but Jesus does ( Mt 26:28 Mr 14:24 ). Hence
it is not surprising to find the use of it by Peter and the
author of Hebrews. Hort suggests that Peter may also have an
ulterior reference to the blood of the martyrs as in Re 7:14f. 12:11 , but only as illustration of what Jesus did for us, not as
having any value. The whole Epistle is a commentary upon
progn(9373)is theou, hagiasmos pneumatos, haima Christou (Bigg).
Peter is not ashamed of the blood of Christ. {Be multiplied}
(pl(8874)hunthei(885c)). First aorist passive optative (volitive) of
pl(8874)hun(935c), old verb (from pl(8874)hus, fulness), in a wish. So in
2Pe 1:2 Jude 1:2 , but nowhere else in N.T. salutations. Grace
and peace (charis kai eir(886e)(885c)) occur together in 2Pe 1:2 , in
2Jo 1:2 (with eleos), and in all Paul's Epistles (with
eleos added in I and II Timothy).
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