{Without understanding} (asunetous). Same word in verse
 21 . {Covenant-breakers} (asunthetous). Another paronomasia or
pun. A privative and verbal sunthetos from suntith(886d)i, to
put together. Old word, common in LXX ( Jer 3:7 ), men "false to
their engagements" (Sanday and Headlam), who treat covenants as
"a scrap of paper." {Without natural affection} (astorgous).
Late word, a privative and storg(885c), love of kindred. In N.T.
only here and  2Ti 3:3 . {Unmerciful} (anele(886d)onas). From a
privative and ele(886d)(936e), merciful. Late word, only here in N.T.
Some MSS. add aspondous, implacable, from  2Ti 3:3 . It is a
terrible picture of the effects of sin on the lives of men and
women. The late Dr. R. H. Graves of Canton, China, said that a
Chinaman who got hold of this chapter declared that Paul could
not have written it, but only a modern missionary who had been to
China. It is drawn to the life because Paul knew Pagan
Graeco-Roman civilization.