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 {Gift} (dosis) {--boon} (d(9372)(886d)a). Both old substantives
from the same original verb (did(936d)i), to give. Dosis is the
act of giving (ending -sis), but sometimes by metonymy for the
thing given like ktisis for ktisma ( Col 1:15 ). But d(9372)(886d)a
(from d(9372)e(935c), from d(9372)on a gift) only means a gift, a
benefaction ( Ro 5:16 ). The contrast here argues for "giving" as
the idea in dosis. Curiously enough there is a perfect
hexameter line here: p(8373)a do / sis aga / th(8820)kai / p(836e) d(9320)/ r(886d)a
te / leion. Such accidental rhythm occurs occasionally in many
writers. Ropes (like Ewald and Mayor) argues for a quotation from
an unknown source because of the poetical word d(9372)(886d)a, but that
is not conclusive. {From above} (an(9374)hen). That is, from
heaven. Cf.  Joh 3:31  19:11 . {Coming down} (katabainon).
Present active neuter singular participle of katabain(935c) agreeing
with d(9372)(886d)a, expanding and explaining an(9374)hen (from above).
{From the Father of lights} (apo tou patros t(936e) ph(9374)(936e)). "Of
the lights" (the heavenly bodies). For this use of pat(8872) see
 Job 38:28  (Father of rain);  2Co 1:3  Eph 1:17 . God is the
Author of light and lights. {With whom} (par' h(9369)). For para
(beside) with locative sense for standpoint of God see para t(9369)
the(9369) ( Mr 10:27  Ro 2:11  9:14  Eph 6:9 . {Can be no} (ouk
eni). This old idiom (also in  Ga 3:28  Col 3:11 ) may be merely
the original form of en with recessive accent (Winer, Mayor) or
a shortened form of enesti. The use of eni en in  1Co 6:5 
argues for this view, as does the use of eine (einai) in
Modern Greek (Robertson, _Grammar_, p. 313). {Variation}
(parallag(885c)). Old word from parallass(935c), to make things
alternate, here only in N.T. In Aristeas in sense of alternate
stones in pavements. Dio Cassius has parallaxis without
reference to the modern astronomical parallax, though James here
is comparing God (Father of the lights) to the sun ( Mal 4:2 ),
which does have periodic variations. {Shadow that is cast by
turning} (	rop(8873) aposkiasma). Trop(885c) is an old word for
"turning" (from 	rep(935c) to turn), here only in N.T. Aposkiasma
is a late and rare word (aposkiasmos in Plutarch) from
aposkiaz(935c) (apo, skia) a shade cast by one object on another.
It is not clear what the precise metaphor is, whether the shadow
thrown on the dial (aposkiaz(935c) in Plato) or the borrowed light
of the moon lost to us as it goes behind the earth. In fact, the
text is by no means certain, for Aleph B papyrus of fourth
century actually read h(8820)trop(8873) aposkiasmatos (the variation of
the turning of the shadow). Ropes argues strongly for this
reading, and rather convincingly. At any rate there is no such
periodic variation in God like that we see in the heavenly
bodies.

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