* taskmasters.
   {Nogesim,} literally, exactors, oppressors.  These
   taskmasters were Egyptians, (ch. 1:11,) but the officers were
   Hebrews.  See ver. 14.

  10,13,15,19  1:11  Pr 12:10 
 * officers.
   {Shoterim,} from the Arabic {saytara,} to overlook,
   superintend, seems to denote, as {musaytar} in Arabic also
   does, overseers, superintendents.  They may have been
   somewhat like the chiefs of trades, who are found in every
   city in the East; where every trade has a head, who is
   entrusted with authority over them, and is in some measure
   answerable for them to Government.  Compare ch. 2:14.

  Nu 11:16  De 1:15  16:18  Jos 8:33  24:1,4  2Ch 26:11